On July 22, the Constituent Assembly was installed. Previously, on July 18, the preparatory board had been installed, presided by Victor Raul Haya de la Torre of the PAP and completed by Ernesto Alayza Grundy of the PPC and Alan Garcia Perez of the PAP. This assembly marked an important …
The 1981 national census recorded that the population of Metropolitan Lima reached 4,835,793 inhabitants, representing 27.2% of the country's total population (17,762,231 inhabitants). This census documented the sustained growth of the capital and showed that 31 out of every 100 young people lived in Lima, compared to 22 out of …
In October 1982, the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) held its National Congress in which Alan Garcia Perez was elected National Secretary of the party. This event marked an important moment in Garcia's political career within the PAP. Subsequently, in February 1984, Alan Garcia Perez would be elected candidate to the …
On February 12, 1984, Alan Garcia Perez was elected candidate to the Presidency of the Republic in internal elections of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP). This election was held in the context of preparation for the 1985 presidential elections. The same month, former Minister of Economy Manuel Ulloas Elías publicly …
On February 26, 1984, former Minister of Economy Manuel Ulloas Elías publicly accepted his presidential pre-candidacy. In accepting the nomination, Ulloas Elías committed himself to hold a polemic with the general secretary of Acción Popular (AP), Javier Alva Orlandini. This announcement took place in the context of the preparations for …
Alan Garcia, then presidential candidate, made statements criticizing the use of generalities in political discourse. This was in response to statements made by the Minister of the Interior, General EP Óscar Brush Noel, who on December 1 had stated that all Peruvians should defend the supreme values of God, homeland …
In 1985, upon assuming the presidency, Alan García Pérez identified the indiscriminate nature of military actions in Ayacucho, where reports indicated numerous alleged subversives were killed without evidence of confiscated weapons. This led him to temporarily suspend military patrols in emergency zones to reassess the counter-subversive strategy. This decision contributed …
During 1985 and 1986, in the government of Dr. Alan Garcia Perez, a Peace Commission functioned and made a critical evaluation of the indiscriminate policy of the first years of the conflict implemented by the previous government of President Fernando Belaunde Terry. Initial energy was shown in the face of …
Upon being elected president, Alan García Pérez shifted the official discourse on the internal conflict in Peru by criticizing human rights violations committed by the armed forces. This led to the creation of a Peace Commission and attempts to change the purely military approach to dealing with insurgency. A significant …
The General Elections were held in Peru in the midst of the terrorist actions of the PCP-SL and the MRTA. The date of April 14 had been formally chosen in 1984, causing discrepancies on the part of the PAP. Alan Garcia Perez of the PAP obtained 45.5% of the votes, …
Luis Aguilar Cajahuamán, an aprista deputy elected for Pasco and mayor, was assassinated on May 8, 1985. The crime occurred in a context of generalized political violence during the 1985 electoral period, when various political actors and local authorities were the target of attacks. Aguilar Cajahuamán had been elected as …
On May 19, 1985, Marcelino Pachari Roselló, provincial mayor of Azángaro belonging to Izquierda Unida (IU), was assassinated. This crime took place in a context of intense political violence in Peru, where local authorities and mayors were frequent targets of terrorist attacks. The assassination occurred just two months after the …
Leonor Zamora, mayor of Ayacucho, was arrested by court order on charges of misappropriation of funds and against the duties of office. The detention was ordered by a judge. This event occurred during the month of July 1985, in the context of the transition from the government of Fernando Belaunde …
In July 1985, the Marine Corps withdrew from Ayacucho and was replaced by the Army, which applied a more selective repression and sought a certain rapprochement with the population. The Marines, known locally as 'the navy', had been under the command of Commander Vega Llona since January 1983 in Huanta. …
The MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) exploded a car bomb at the door of the Ministry of the Interior on July 25, 1985. This attack occurred in a context of escalating political violence in the country, just three days before the inauguration of President Alan García Pérez. The attack was …
The PAP took office under the presidency of Alan Garcia on July 28, 1985. During this period, the government tried to vary the counter-subversive strategy with emphasis on economic and social development. The CVR registered 8173 deaths and disappearances during the PAP government, 58% of which corresponded to subversive organizations …
Alan Garcia Perez assumed the Presidency of the Republic of Peru on July 28, 1985. In his message to the nation, he stated that he would only pay for foreign debt 10% of total exports. He also proposed the creation of the Peace Commission. His cabinet was previously announced in …
Manuel Ulloa Elías, representative of Acción Popular (AP), stated in El Comercio his opposition to a possible amnesty law for those accused of terrorist crimes. Ulloa stated that his party considered that it would be "absolutely irresponsible" to grant amnesty freeing the perpetrators of terrorist acts. He pointed out that …
President Alan García Pérez announced in Tacna that he will terminate the oil operation contracts entered into with Occidental Petroleum Corporation del Peru, Belco Petroleum Company and the Oxy-Bridas Consortium. The decision was based on the fact that these companies unduly benefited from tax benefits. This measure was part of …
The MRTA leadership suspended military actions against the incoming government of Alan Garcia, considering that the majority of the people had placed their hopes in the APRA party for a radical change in their situation. This move came as a surprise to all and sundry and was announced in a …
On August 16, 1985, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) held a clandestine press conference in Lima. During this conference, the MRTA stated that "it will not carry out military actions against the APRA, as long as the latter does not attack the people". This statement was made in the …
On August 19, 1985, the Peruvian government announced the decision to dismiss and retire 37 generals from the Police Forces. This measure took place in the context of the reorganization of the Police Forces which had been approved by Congress on August 15 by means of a law declaring the …
Antonio Palomino was removed from his position as head of the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE) for stating that the PCP-SL detainees were political prisoners. This statement generated controversy in the political context of the time. Even Alfonso Barrantes Lingán, mayor of Lima and leader of Izquierda Unida, stated the next …
Reynaldo Rodríguez López was arrested in November 1985 for his involvement in the Villa Coca case, related to drug trafficking. The arrest occurred in a political context where the government of President Alan García Pérez was facing multiple challenges, including political violence and drug trafficking. The Villa Coca case was …
In December 1985, land seizures began, triggering one of the most important peasant mobilizations in the history of Puno, leading to a new agrarian reform. On December 13, 1985, about 4,000 peasants from the districts of Santa Rosa and Macari, led by the United Federation of Peasants of Melgar, peacefully …
On December 13, 1985, about 4,000 peasants from the districts of Santa Rosa and Macarí, led by the Melgar Peasant Unitary Federation, peacefully initiated the recovery of 10,000 hectares of the Rural Enterprise of Social Property "Kunurana". This action triggered one of the most important peasant mobilizations in the history …
On December 27, 1985, negotiations between the Peruvian government and foreign oil companies culminated. These negotiations took place in the context of President Alan Garcia Perez's decision to terminate the oil operation contracts with Occidental Petroleum Corporation del Peru, Belco Petroleum Company and the Oxy-Bridas Consortium. The government had announced …
Michel Azcueta, a militant of Izquierda Unida (IU), was reelected mayor of Villa El Salvador in 1986, after being elected for the first time in 1983. Azcueta had led the campaign to establish VES as an independent district in 1983. His reelection took place in a context of political competition …
In 1986, during the presidency of Alan García Pérez, a significant event known as the 'Matanza de los Penales' occurred, marking a turning point in the relationship between the executive power and the military high command in Peru. This event involved the killing of inmates in various prisons, highlighting the …
On January 13, 1986, Alfonso Tornero, provincial mayor of Huaytará in the department of Huancavelica, was assassinated. Tornero was a militant of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP), the party that at the time was in power under the presidency of Alan García Pérez. This assassination took place in the context …
On February 5, 1986, the unification of the Peruvian Police Forces took place. This measure was part of the reforms implemented during the administration of Alan Garcia Perez. Previously, on August 15, 1985, Congress had passed a law declaring the reorganization of the Police Forces. On August 19, 1985, the …
The government decreed a state of emergency and a curfew for sixty days in the provinces of Lima and Callao. These measures were taken after a series of terrorist attacks in the capital city. When referring to these attacks, President Alan Garcia Perez suggested the participation of new subversive groups …
Alan Garcia's government issued Supreme Decrees 005 and 006, which initiated the restructuring of associative agrarian companies in Puno. A commission would determine within 120 days the amount of land that should revert to the state for subsequent adjudication to the peasant communities. This measure sought to address the land …
On February 7, 1986, the President of the Republic, Alan Garcia, announced in a message to the nation the "restructuring and resizing of the associative enterprises". This announcement came a little more than a month after nearly 4,000 peasants from the districts of Santa Rosa and Macarí peacefully initiated the …
President Alan Garcia Perez gave a message to the nation on February 7, 1986. This message took place in a context of widespread political violence, with actions by both the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA. The presidential message was one of the outstanding political events of 1986, according to the …
From February 9 to 14, 1986, the Third Central Committee of the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) was held. This event represented a meeting of the leadership of this subversive organization to define strategies and political lines. The CVR Report document briefly mentions this event in the context of the …
The Peace Commission was reconstituted with new members after the original members resigned in January 1986. The original Peace Council had been created in October 1985 by the government of Alan García Pérez and included Monsignor Augusto Beuzeville Ferro (president), Fernando Cabieses Molina, César Rodríguez Rabanal, Alberto Giesecke Matto and …
On February 26, 1986, President Alan Garcia Perez made a strong statement about the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In his statement, Garcia declared that the IMF would no longer come to Peru "to take account of its economy or to put pressure on it". This statement was part of the …
President Alan Garcia Perez inaugurated the first Rimanacuy 86 Meeting in the city of Piura. During this event, the president ratified that the government would use all available means to fight terrorism, but always within the framework of the Constitution and the laws in force. This meeting was part of …
On May 27, 1986, an attempted kidnapping took place against Alberto Kitazono, who held the position of National Secretary of Organization of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP). This event occurred in a context of intense political violence in the country, during the first year of Alan García Pérez's government. The …
On June 7, 1986, President Alan Garcia met with media owners asking for their collaboration in the counter-subversive struggle. That same day, after going to the Plaza Bolognesi for the ceremony of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, small bombs exploded, frustrating his presence. Respecting a gentlemen's agreement, the …
On June 16, 1986, the XVIII Conference of the Socialist International Women began in Lima. This international event took place in a context of high political and social tension in Peru, just two days before the riot in the prisons of Lima and Callao (June 18). The conference took place …
On June 18 and 19, 1986, a massacre took place in the prisons of Lima and Callao. This event occurred in the context of riots and tensions in the prisons where prisoners accused of terrorism were being held. The incident is mentioned as one of the most significant events of …
On June 18 and 19, 1986 there were simultaneous riots organized by the PCP-SL in three prisons in Lima and Callao. Law enforcement forces intervened with extreme violence resulting in the death of 244 inmates executed: 118 in El Frontón, 124 in Lurigancho and 2 in Santa Bárbara. The riots …
On June 18, 1986, detainees held for terrorism in three prisons in Lima and Callao (Lurigancho, El Frontón and Santa Bárbara) rioted. In Santa Barbara two subversives died on June 19. The government ordered the Joint Command to have the military justice system carry out the necessary investigations to determine …
On June 18 and 19, 1986, there was a riot of subversive prisoners in three prisons in Lima: CRAS Lurigancho (124 dead), CRAS El Frontón (more than 100 dead), and CRAS Santa Bárbara (3 inmates dead). This event was the largest collective massacre in the history of Peru up to …
On June 18 and 19, 1986, there was a massacre of prisoners in Lima's prisons. This event had great media impact and was widely covered by Caretas magazine and other media. The magnitude of the violence and the circumstances of the events marked a breaking point in the relationship between …
On June 18, 1986, detainees held for terrorism in three prisons in Lima and Callao (Lurigancho, El Frontón and Santa Bárbara) rioted. In Santa Barbara prison, two subversives died on June 19. The government ordered the Joint Command to have the military justice system carry out the necessary investigations to …
The XVII International Socialist Congress was held in Lima on June 20, 1986. This international event took place a few days after the start of the XVIII Conference of the Socialist International Women, which had begun on June 16 in the same city. The congress took place in a very …
President Alan Garcia Perez addressed a message to the country on June 24, 1986, four days after the riot of terrorist detainees in three prisons in Lima and Callao (Lurigancho, El Fronton and Santa Barbara) occurred on June 18. In his message, the president condemned terrorism and reiterated his support …
On June 27, 1986, President Alan Garcia Perez admitted that there was evidence of the commission of crimes in the Lurigancho prison by the Republican Guard and announced the beginning of an investigation aimed at punishing all those responsible for the massacre, with the famous phrase 'either all those responsible …
On June 27, 1986, there were simultaneous attacks against eleven bank branches and three premises of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) in Lima. These attacks occurred in a context of high political tension, a few days after the serious events in the prisons of Lima and Callao (June 18-19), where …
President Alan Garcia Perez made a public statement demanding sanctions for those responsible for the events that occurred in the Lima and Callao prisons during the riot of June 18, 1986. In his message, the President used a strong phrase: "Either all those responsible leave or I leave", expressing his …
The ministerial cabinet as a whole resigned on July 14, 1986, after the serious events that took place in the prisons of Lima and Callao in June of the same year. The National Directive Committee of the IU had proposed the resignation of the cabinet considering the political responsibility for …
In his National Holiday message to the nation, President Alan Garcia announced that 1'100,000 hectares would be distributed among the communities of Puno. This announcement far exceeded the 744,000 hectares that the Bravo Mejía commission had recommended to restructure. The measure created a new situation and great expectations among the …
As a symbolic act announcing the beginning of military actions against the APRA government, the MRTA threw a grenade against one of the balconies of the Government Palace, where Alan Garcia usually made his public appearances.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) declared Peru ineligible on August 15, 1986. The IMF's decision was taken in view of Peru's default on its financial obligations to the Fund, which up to that day amounted to US$160 million. One day later, on August 16, President Alan Garcia Perez called a …
President Alan García Pérez called for a rally on August 16, 1986 to call for unity among all Peruvians. The objective was to defend the country from the same trench against the IMF agreement. This event took place one day after the IMF declared Peru ineligible due to Peru's default …
In September 1986, the Federación Textil organized a significant strike in Peru, lasting 45 days and involving over 30,000 workers. The strike was driven by demands for the restoration of indexed incomes, as workers felt they had sacrificed during economic downturns and deserved benefits during the sector's boom. The strike …
President Alan Garcia Perez addressed a message to the nation announcing wage and salary increases as part of an overall economic plan. The plan included national price readjustments and devaluation scheduled for 1987. This announcement came against a backdrop of tensions with the International Monetary Fund, as in August of …
Alan García Pérez inaugurated the XII Meeting of the Latin American Economic System (SELA) in October 1986. During the event, the Peruvian president affirmed that Latin America and the Caribbean should create an organization that "is not ashamed of political coordination. At this meeting, Peru received expressions of solidarity in …
In the 1980s, two types of peasant patrols, or 'rondas campesinas', were formed in Peru. On November 6, 1986, the government of Alan García Pérez officially recognized the peaceful, democratic, and autonomous peasant patrols in the northern departments of Cajamarca and Piura. Meanwhile, in the central highlands, armed 'rondas contrasubversivas' …
The municipal elections in Peru took place on November 9, 1986, under the presidency of Alan García Pérez. The elections were marked by political tension, including a curfew and protests. Jorge del Castillo Gálvez, representing the PAP, claimed a narrow victory in Lima, but the official proclamation of results was …
On November 9, municipal elections were held throughout the country. President Alan Garcia Perez described the IU as the 'second majority'. The official results in Lima were: Jorge del Castillo Gálvez (PAP) obtained 37.6%, Alfonso Barrantes Lingán (IU) obtained 34.8%, and Luis Bedoya Reyes (PPC) obtained 26.9%. However, the official …
In 1987, subversives of the PCP-SL attacked the PAIT (Temporary Income Support Program) in San Martin de Porres. This attack was part of a broader PCP-SL strategy against the programs of Alan Garcia's APRA government. During the APRA government, subversive actions were directed against APRA offices, PAIT workers and APRA …
In 1987, the Peruvian government under President Alan García Pérez decided to nationalize the banking and financial system. This decision was a response to the lack of positive reactions from the business sector to the government's economic measures. The nationalization marked a significant shift in economic policy, reflecting the challenges …
On February 19, 1987 a fire broke out at the Las Palmas Air Base. The CVR report mentions this event very briefly, noting that the origin of the fire has not been explained. This incident occurred in a context of intense political violence, just one day before a car bomb …
On February 19, 1987, the APRA governor Pedro Moreno was assassinated in the district of Independencia. This assassination occurred during the administration of IU mayor Esther Moreno and exacerbated the existing conflict in the district. The tensions went back to the disputes over the land development in the 'Víctor Raúl …
On February 20, 1987, a car bomb exploded three or four blocks from a rally presided over by President Alan Garcia Perez in Lima. This attack was part of a series of terrorist attacks that took place during those days. On February 19 there had been a fire at the …
At least eight explosions rocked several parts of Lima on February 21, 1987. This attack was part of a series of terrorist attacks that took place during those days. On February 20, a car bomb exploded three or four blocks from a rally presided over by Alan Garcia Perez. On …
On February 22, 1987, a car bomb exploded in Trujillo two hundred meters from the Plaza de Armas. The attack occurred moments before the arrival of the President of the Republic Alan Garcia Perez to the area. This attack was part of a series of terrorist attacks that took place …
On February 23, 1987, an attempt was made to assassinate National Prosecutor César Elejalde Estenssoro. This attack occurred in the context of a series of terrorist attacks that took place during those days in the country. Days before, on February 20, a car bomb had exploded near a rally presided …
On March 2, 1987, the Chamber of Deputies of the Peruvian Congress approved the regionalization bill. This bill was part of the political and institutional reforms that were being implemented during the government of Alan Garcia Perez. The approval of this law represented an important step in the decentralization of …
The Peruvian Congress approved Law 24651 which establishes prison sentences for those who commit the crime of collaboration with terrorist activities. This law stipulates prison sentences of up to ten years and internment for collaborators. The law was passed in the context of the fight against armed subversion that the …
Law No. 24651, enacted on March 20, 1987 during Alan Garcia's administration, introduced in the Penal Code a section called 'Terrorism Crimes'. This law defined terrorism in terms similar to Legislative Decree No. 046 of 1981, punishing whoever with the purpose of provoking or maintaining a state of anxiety, alarm …
The Minister of the Interior, Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre, announced the arrest of 71 people implicated in various acts of terrorism in April 1987. Of those arrested, 46 were linked to the PCP-SL (Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path) and 25 to the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). This police …
On May 19, 1987, a national strike was called by the General Confederation of Peruvian Workers (CGTP). According to the CVR report, this measure of force was moderately successful. The strike took place in the context of political and social tensions of the Alan Garcia Perez administration, in a year …
On May 23, 1987, the Peruvian government extended for sixty days the state of emergency in the provinces of Lima and Callao. This measure was taken in the context of a series of terrorist attacks that had been affecting the capital and the port of Callao. The state of emergency …
The Peruvian government accepted the resignation of the general director of the Police Forces and the senior directors of the Civil Guard (GC) and the Republican Guard (GR). This decision took place in a context of increasing political violence and terrorism in the country. The resignations were part of changes …
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) suspended disbursements of approved loans to Peru due to Peruvian arrears. This followed a previous decision by the World Bank (WB), which had also suspended its disbursements for the same reason. The suspension occurred in a context of tensions between the government of Alan Garcia …
In his message to the country and before Congress on the occasion of the national anniversary, President Alan García Pérez proposed nationalizing the banking system. This proposal generated great political controversy and mobilizations both for and against it. In August, the president insisted on his project to nationalize the banks …
In August 1987, the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) called a rally where President Alan Garcia Perez insisted on his project to nationalize the banking system. This proposal had been previously announced in July during his message to the country before the Congress on the occasion of the national anniversary. The …
In July 1987, during his message to the country and before Congress on the occasion of the national anniversary, President Alan Garcia Perez proposed nationalizing the banking system. In August, Garcia insisted on his project to nationalize the banks during a rally called by the PAP. After 23 hours of …
Manuel Romero Caro resigned from the Ministry of Industry and Tourism in September 1987. His resignation took place in a political context marked by the controversy generated by the nationalization of the banking system proposed by President Alan García Pérez in July of that year. The position was subsequently assumed …
On October 2, 1987, Alberto Vera La Rosa, an APRA militant, was sworn in as Minister of Industry, Tourism, Commerce and Integration in the government of President Alan Garcia Perez. This appointment followed the resignation of Manuel Romero Caro as Minister of Industry and Tourism in September of the same …
General EP Enrique López Albújar Trint is sworn in as the country's first Minister of Defense on October 14, 1987. This event marks an important institutional milestone in the history of the Peruvian Armed Forces, since the Ministry of Defense is created for the first time. The event took place …
The Senate of the Republic of Peru ratified the appointment of Luz Áurea Sáenz as Comptroller General of the Republic. Likewise, in the same session, the appointment of Pedro Coronado Labó as president of the board of directors of the Central Reserve Bank (BCR) was ratified. These ratifications took place …
Samuel Colca, an APRA leader of the young town of Micaela Bastidas, was assassinated in November 1987 by subversives of the PCP-SL. This assassination was part of the Shining Path strategy of attacking APRA leaders of neighborhood organizations during Alan Garcia's government. The attack was part of a broader campaign …
The commission investigating the case of the prisons presents its report, signed by its six members. The report points out the President of the Republic, the Alva Castro ministerial cabinet and the Joint Command of the Armed Forces as those politically responsible for the massacre of the prisons that took …
On December 1, 1987, the commission investigating the case of the prisons presented its report, signed by six members, pointing out the President of the Republic, the Alva Castro ministerial cabinet and the Joint Command of the Armed Forces as politically responsible for the massacre of the prisons that took …
The Peruvian government decides to devalue the national currency by an average of 50%. This economic measure takes place in the context of tensions with international financial organizations such as the IMF, which had declared Peru ineligible in August of that year. The devaluation is part of the economic policies …
The Board of Directors of the Congress reported on two reports issued by the Commission of Inquiry into the events of the prisons that occurred in June 1986. Two reports were presented: a majority report with seven signatures and a minority report with six signatures. The majority report pointed out …
President Alan García Pérez announced the government's intention to dissolve the National System of Popular Cooperation (COOPOP). The decision was motivated by facts of immorality and corruption detected in this institution. This announcement was made in the context of an extraordinary legislature called to evaluate the law for the nationalization …
Faced with the increase in subversive actions and the territorial expansion of the PCP-SL and MRTA in the region, Alan Garcia's government declared the provinces of Chanchamayo, Oxapampa and Satipo in a state of emergency in 1988. This measure was taken in response to the growing control that both subversive …
On January 9, 1988, the Izquierda Unida (IU) deputy Fernando Sanchez Albavera made a public denunciation about the management of the international reserves of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCR). According to the denunciation, the BCR had handed over the management of international reserves to the Swiss company Sogest. …
On January 29, 1988, Fernando Belaunde Terry (leader of Acción Popular), Luis Bedoya Reyes (leader of the Partido Popular Cristiano) and Mario Vargas Llosa (leader of the Movimiento Libertad) laid the foundations for the constitution of the Frente Democrático (FREDEMO). This political alliance brought together AP, PPC and Movimiento Libertad …
Carlos Blancas Bustamante resigned as Minister of Justice during the administration of Alan García Pérez. The resignation took place in a complex political context, during the month of February 1988. This ministerial change occurred in the midst of debates on the nationalization of the banking system and the regionalization of …
Senator Rolando Ames Cobián presents a detailed report on the events that took place in three prisons in June 1986. In his report, he argues that the mass murder of inmates should not go unpunished and requests the intervention of the Judiciary to punish those found guilty. This report was …
President Alan Garcia Perez unveiled an economic program that he described as a 'war economy', after a long meeting with the so-called economic group made up of ministers, officials and advisors. This program was approved by the Council of Ministers and combined orthodox and heterodox economic measures. The announcement took …
On March 25, the legislative decree that creates the system of self-managed banks in the country is published, qualifying as such those in which its workers "are direct owners of more than 50% of the shares representing the capital stock". President Alan García Pérez signs the legislative decree that qualifies …
The residents of Huaycán carried out a mobilization that was harshly repelled by the police with tear gas and counter-demonstration vehicles. One of the vehicles ran over two neighbors, killing Rafael Flores Echevarría and leaving Luis handicapped. In addition, the police arrested between 200 and 300 demonstrators. A few days …
President Alan Garcia Perez demands the immediate punishment of those responsible for the death of 300 inmates accused of terrorism. This statement comes in the context of the report presented in March 1988 by Senator Rolando Ames Cobián on the events that took place in three prisons in June 1986. …
On May 1, 1988, elements linked to the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) marched through downtown Lima. The demonstration, which took place in the context of International Workers' Day, ended with attacks against banks in the Peruvian capital. This event occurred at a time when the government …
Prime Minister Armando Villanueva del Campo publicly announces the "iron fist against terrorists" policy in May 1988. This announcement takes place in a context of intensifying political violence in the country. On May 8, President Alan Garcia Perez announces his decision to make the fight against terrorism more severe and …
On May 8, 1988, President Alan Garcia Perez announced his decision to make the fight against terrorism more severe and energetic. This declaration was accompanied by Prime Minister Armando Villanueva del Campo, who pointed out that the anti-terrorist law had to be corrected, since it gave special protective treatment to …
On June 23, 1988, the Peruvian government approved four supreme decrees aimed at eradicating contraband in the country. These measures were part of the actions of the government of Alan García Pérez during a period of economic and political crisis. The decrees were issued in the context of the fight …
On June 27, 1988, the oral trial against Osmán Morote Barrionuevo, who had been captured on June 12 of that year by the DIRCOTE in Lima, began in a public hearing. Morote was considered the number two in the hierarchy of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL). …
Hooded persons (presumably military) entered the homes of residents of Cayara and forcibly detained them. Gregorio Ipurre Ramos, Guzmán Palomino Bautista, Humberto Ipurre, Benigna Palomino de Ipurre and Catalina Ramos Palomino disappeared. According to witnesses, these people had denounced to President Alan Garcia Perez the excesses perpetrated in Cceschua, which …
At the beginning of July 1988, President Alan García gave a controversial speech in Ayacucho during the VII Congress of the Aprista Youth. He highlighted the mystique of the Shining Path and proposed it as an example for the youth of his party. Although there was no pro-Senderista sympathy, some …
In a message to the nation for national holidays, President Alan García Pérez proposed the presentation of three bills against terrorism. The first bill was aimed at punishing illicit association for subversive purposes. The second bill sought to punish the illegal possession of arms and explosives. The third bill contemplated …
In a message to the nation, Prime Minister Armando Villanueva del Campo announced increases in a series of food products and readjustments in salaries and wages. This announcement was made in a context of economic crisis and adjustment measures implemented by Alan Garcia's government. Increases in basic products and salary …
Radio Onda Azul was attacked on two previous occasions, on August 3, 1986 and July 3, 1988, before suffering a third attack on July 5, 1988. The report mentions that it is presumed that it was Shining Path PCP militants who attacked the station's facilities on these three occasions. In …
Manuel Febres Flores, defense lawyer of Osmán Morote Barrionuevo, leader of the PCP-SL captured on June 13, 1988, was assassinated on July 28, 1988. The so-called Rodrigo Franco Democratic Command claimed responsibility for the assassination, stating that it was a group of citizens tired of the government's incapacity, Alan Garcia …
The proposals of President Alan Garcia Perez on changes in the legislation to combat terrorism were admitted for debate in the Chamber of Deputies and sent to commissions for prior analysis before their approval. These proposals regulated the procedure for police investigation, instruction and trial of crimes committed for subversive …
On August 31, 1988, the Peruvian government terminated the negotiations with Shell for the exploitation of Camisea gas, since the term stipulated in the respective basic agreement signed at the beginning of the year had expired. This decision took place in a context of political and economic tension during the …
In September 1988, a cabinet reshuffle took place in the government of Alan Garcia Perez. This ministerial change took place in a context of serious economic crisis, with food shortages that had generated strong public protests days before. On September 8, Minister Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre announced the government's decision to …
Minister Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre announces the government's decision to initiate contacts with international financial organizations. On September 8, in the Senate, he presents the government's economic plan. On September 13, President Alan García Pérez admits that the government made a mistake in maintaining a consumerist policy for too long, with …
In September 1988, the Peruvian government, led by President Alan García Pérez, announced a series of orthodox economic measures to combat inflation and stabilize the economy. These measures were met with widespread public protests, including a notable 'march of empty pots' on September 22, which was repressed by the police. …
On September 8, 1988, in the Senate, Minister Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre announced the government's decision to initiate contacts with international financial organizations. This announcement takes place in a context of severe economic crisis, days after a major food shortage that generated strong public protests. On September 23, Peru formally returned …
President Alan Garcia Perez publicly admitted that the government was wrong to maintain a consumerist policy for too long. This policy had kept gasoline prices, interest rates and the dollar artificially low. Garcia acknowledged that this economic strategy ended up impoverishing the Peruvian state. This statement came in the context …
On September 23, 1988, Peru returned to the international financial community, explicitly to the IMF and the World Bank. This decision had been announced days before by Minister Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre on September 8, when the government admitted that contacts with international financial organizations would be initiated. The return demanded …
On September 28, 1988, a patrol of the Peruvian Army (EP) entered the Virgen del Rosario neighborhood of Abancay. The CVR report mentions this event briefly without providing additional details about the circumstances, motives or consequences of this military incursion. This entry took place in a context of intensification of …
The National Executive Committee of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) removes from its ranks the deputy for Lima Manuel Ángel del Pomar. The separation is due to his involvement in money laundering of proceeds from the sale of drugs to Europe. This disciplinary measure takes place in a context of …
In the context of a deep economic and political crisis, Oiga magazine published an editorial entitled "Between the coup and the presidential resignation". This headline reflects the climate of political instability that the government of Alan Garcia Perez was going through in October 1988. Rumors of a coup d'état were …
On October 13, 1988, the peasants of the Callejón de Huaylas began a strike to demand lower prices for agricultural inputs. This mobilization took place in the context of a serious national economic crisis and coincided with a national strike called by the CGTP in protest against the economic measures …
On October 21, 1988, the police entered the premises of the National Federation of Mine Workers and arrested 14 leaders. This police action took place in the context of a national strike called by the CGTP on October 13 in protest against the government's economic measures. In addition to the …
In November 1988, due to the increase in the number of attacks and victims caused by the PCP-SL and the MRTA, Alan Garcia's government decreed a State of Emergency in all provinces and districts of Junin. Army General Manuel Delgado Rojas was appointed as Chief of the Political Military Command. …
On November 6, 1988, the SODE (Solidarity and Democracy), through a televised intervention of its general secretary and congressman Aurelio Loret de Mola, publicly requested the resignation of President Alan Garcia Perez. This request was made in the context of a serious economic and political crisis that the APRA government …
The General Confederation of Peruvian Workers (CGTP) called and carried out a general strike on December 1, 1988. This strike took place in the context of an economic and political crisis during the government of Alan García Pérez. The strike was part of the multiple protests and union mobilizations that …
The Aprista Congress was held and elected Luis Alva Castro as the new Secretary General of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP). This appointment was significant because Luis Alva Castro was publicly known as a rival of then president Alan García Pérez, who was also a member of the PAP. The …
On December 7, 1988, Law 24949 was enacted creating the National Police of Peru (PNP). This law unified the country's existing police forces under a single institution. The creation of the PNP took place in a context of intensification of the counter-subversive struggle and reorganization of law enforcement. This institutional …
President Alan Garcia Perez promulgates law 24953, which establishes drastic sanctions for those who participate in terrorist acts. This law states that anyone who provokes, creates or maintains a state of anxiety, alarm or terror will be punished with a prison sentence of no less than 15 years. The law …
On December 29, 1988, the Day for Peace was held, an event organized by the Municipality of Lima. This day took place in a context of intense political violence in the country, marked by the actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA, as well as by the government's response …
On December 30, 1988, the Rodrigo Franco Commando claimed responsibility for an attack on the grave of Edith Lagos Saenz. This was the second attack on the grave of Lagos, who had been a militant of the PCP-SL. The first attack had occurred on August 9, 1988, when the tomb …
In 1989, under the presidency of Alan García Pérez, the Peruvian government began arming local peasant patrols known as 'rondas campesinas' in Ayacucho to combat the insurgent group PCP-SL. This movement was partly a response to increased violence from the PCP-SL and was supported by both military coercion and the …
The Minister of Economy Carlos Rivas Dávila, the Minister of Agriculture Juan Coronado, and the Minister of Defense General EP Enrique López Albújar Trint appeared before the Permanent Commission of the Congress. During his presentation, the Minister of Defense denounced that some journalistic media misinformed the citizens regarding the validity …
President Alan Garcia Perez and Luis Alva Castro, secretary general of the PAP, met to discuss the relations that should exist between the government and the APRA party. This meeting took place in a context of political tension, just three weeks after Alva Castro was elected as the new secretary …
On February 6, 1989, the first extraordinary legislature called by the Executive Branch was installed. The purpose of this extraordinary session of Congress was to culminate the process of approval of the bill on amparo and on the elections of the regional assemblies. Both laws were subsequently enacted by President …
In March 1989, the APRA government of President Alan García Pérez formally involved the peasant patrols in the anti-subversive struggle. On March 24, Alberto Valencia, the APRA deputy for Ayacucho, announced a new movement of peasant patrols that were organizing spontaneously to free themselves from the PCP-SL. The leader of …
President Alan Garcia Perez signed the supreme decree calling the Congress to an extraordinary legislature. The purpose of this call was to discuss and approve the law on relations between the national government and the regional governments. This measure was part of the regionalization process that the government had been …
After three years of suspension, the Peruvian government formally resumes dialogue with representatives of private creditor institutions. The meeting was held with 11 representatives of the 200 private creditor institutions of more than US$4 billion. This event is framed in the context of the serious economic crisis that the country …
Cardinal Juan Landázuri Ricketts publicly stated that the Catholic Church is willing to mediate if there are positive signs of a dialogue with the subversives. This statement was made in a context of intensifying political violence in the country, particularly after the PCP-SL attack on the Uchiza police post on …
President Alan García Pérez announces the start of an economic reactivation program to boost agriculture, industry and construction. This announcement was made in the context of a serious economic and political crisis that the country was going through. The program sought to reactivate key sectors of the Peruvian economy that …
Miguel Rincón Rincón, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured in downtown Lima on April 16, 1989. After his capture, he was imprisoned in the Castro Castro prison. This arrest represented a significant blow to the command structure of the MRTA. The capture took place in a …
On May 1, 1989, a detachment of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) attacked the Tablada de Lurin police post. This attack took place in a context of intensified political violence in the country, during the government of Alan Garcia Perez. The attack was part of the armed actions that …
On May 2, 1989, one month after the Uchiza disaster, President Alan Garcia appointed Gen. Alberto Arciniegas as Political and Military Chief of Huallaga. He was installed in his position in a public ceremony in Uchiza, attended by the President of the Republic, the Minister of Defense Gen. Enrique López …
President Alan Garcia Perez, accompanied by the Minister of Defense General EP Enrique Lopez Albújar Trint and the head of the Joint Command General EP Artemio Palomino Toledo, presented in Uchiza General EP Alberto Arciniega Huby as political-military chief of Huallaga. This appointment took place in a context of intense …
On May 11, 1989, the Army and the National Police intervened twice at the National University of Central Peru in search of terrorist elements. The intervention took place due to the distribution of flyers announcing an armed strike on the 10th, 11th and 12th in the department of Junin. In …
On May 16, 1989, an armed strike took place in the city of Huancavelica. This event took place in the midst of a series of strikes called in the region, days after President Alan García Pérez traveled to Huancayo to call on the population to overcome fear. The armed strike …
The Ministry of the Interior issued a communiqué informing about the capture of Benedicto Peña, mayor of the district of Lagunas, Yurimaguas. Peña was arrested in the company of other apristas while they were handing out leaflets of the Comando Rodrigo Franco. The Comando Rodrigo Franco was a paramilitary group …
On May 29, 1989, lawyer Marcial Capeletti was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso while giving his course at the San Cristobal de Huamanga National University. Capeletti was one of the leaders of the then ruling Peruvian Aprista Party (APRA). This assassination took place in the context of an intensification of …
On June 14, 1989, the Minister of Economy, César Vásquez Bazán, announced that the Central Reserve Bank (BCR) would raise the passive interest rate that banks and financial companies pay to savers. This economic measure takes place in a context of economic crisis during the government of Alan Garcia Perez. …
Manuel Espinoza Monroe, aprista provincial mayor of Leoncio Prado in the department of Huanuco, was assassinated on June 15, 1989. This crime took place in a context of intensifying political violence in Peru, where local authorities, especially mayors, were frequent targets of subversive groups. The assassination was part of a …
On July 10, 1989, the Minister of Economy, César Vásquez Bazán, addressed a message to the country requesting workers and businessmen to reach a National Agreement. The message had three basic objectives: to reduce inflation, to establish a healthy dynamic of selective growth and to promote changes demanded by the …
On July 26, 1989, Abel Malpartida Paez, a student of Industrial Engineering, disappeared on his way from his home to the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). The disappearance occurred in a context of intensifying political violence in the country, during the government of Alan Garcia Perez. The event took …
The Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) approved and implemented the First Campaign of its Fifth Military Plan, which lasted from August 1989 to February 1990. This campaign was part of the subversive organization's broader military strategy during the internal armed conflict. Later, in March 1990, the Second …
Martha Crisóstomo García, a witness to the Cayara events who worked at the Health Post, was murdered in Huamanga. She had been threatened with death for commenting on the Cayara events when President Alan Garcia arrived. She had also recognized the body of her aunt Jovita García Suárez when she …
After more than two months of duration, the mining strike and the medical strike in Peru ended simultaneously. This event occurred in the context of the Alan Garcia Perez administration and amid intense political and social tensions. The end of these strikes is mentioned in connection with debates about the …
The Peruvian Congress approved Law 25103, which established the reduction of sentences for persons linked to terrorist acts in cases of collaboration with the authorities. This law was passed during the government of Alan García Pérez, in a context of intensified political violence by the PCP-SL and the MRTA. The …
Héctor Delgado Parker, former advisor to President Alan García and owner of Producciones Panamericana, was kidnapped around 10:30 a.m. at the intersection of Torres Paz and Enrique Villar, Santa Beatriz. His vehicle was intercepted by a yellow Datsun and a cherry pickup truck. The kidnappers fired machine guns, smashed the …
On October 16, 1989, a police strike took place in Peru. This event occurred in a complex political context, during the government of Alan Garcia Perez, marked by intense political violence and preparations for the general elections. The police strike took place a few days after the closing of registration …
Héctor Delgado Parker, president of the board of directors of Panamericana Televisión and former advisor to President Alan García Pérez, was kidnapped by the MRTA on October 4, 1989. After being held captive for more than a month and a half, his strangled body was found in Uchiza on November …
Ricardo Belmont Casinelli became the new mayor of Lima on November 29, 1989. This event took place in a context of serious economic and political crisis during the APRA government of Alan García Pérez. The year 1989 was characterized by intense political violence, with 75 elected authorities assassinated (32%) and …
In December 1989, the United States invaded Panama, leading to international reactions. The Peruvian government, led by President Alan García Pérez, expressed its rejection of the invasion and temporarily withdrew its diplomatic representation from Washington. Additionally, Peru suspended its anti-drug operations with U.S. cooperation as a protest against the invasion.
Mario Vargas Llosa, FREDEMO's presidential candidate, publicly raised the possibility of initiating a residency trial against President Alan Garcia Perez once his presidential term was over. This proposal is framed in the context of the 1989-1990 electoral campaign and reflects the opposition's criticism of the Aprista government's administration. Residency trial …
President Alan Garcia Perez held a ceremony in which he handed over weapons to organized peasants. The ceremony took place after the speeches of the commander called Huayhuaco. This delivery of weapons was part of a government strategy in the context of the anti-subversive struggle. The event took place at …
In the early morning of December 10, 1989, a group of individuals dressed in military uniform assassinated the secretary general of SUTEP Ayacucho, Alcides Palomino Aronés. The victim was shot in the head and stabbed eight times. The PCP-SL (Shining Path) claimed responsibility for the attack, stating that it was …
Peruvian President Alan García Pérez made a historic visit to Ecuador on December 17, 1989, becoming the first Peruvian head of state to visit that country. This visit took place in a context of bilateral relations between Peru and Ecuador, countries that had historically maintained border tensions. The trip represented …
On December 17, 1989, the Peruvian Army ambushed a camp of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) near Puerto Bermudez, in the province of Oxapampa. This military action was part of the counter-subversive operations carried out by the Armed Forces against insurgent groups in different areas of the country. The …
In 1990, a Commission was formed to investigate accusations against former President Alan García Pérez regarding events at El Frontón prison. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights found that the Peruvian state violated the fundamental rights of inmates during a prison uprising. The court mandated reparations for victims' families and …
In January 1990, the MRTA assassinated General Enrique López Albújar in San Isidro. López Albújar was a former Peruvian Minister of Defense. This assassination occurred on the eve of the 1990 presidential elections, in a context of escalating political violence in the capital. The attack was part of a series …
General Enrique Lopez Albujar, who served as defense minister, was assassinated by an MRTA commando in Lima in January 1990. The MRTA justified his assassination by claiming that Lopez Albujar had ordered the 'repassing' of the wounded and the killing of surrendered guerrillas during the Molinos confrontation in April 1989. …
Felipe Santiago Salaverry, former President of the Peruvian Social Security Institute (IPSS), was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in 1990. This assassination was part of a broader strategy of the PCP-SL to multiply the assassinations of officials linked to the APRA government of Alan Garcia. The crime occurred on the …
The Executive Branch called for an extraordinary session of Congress, which took place from January 5 to 19, 1990. The main objective of this extraordinary session was to debate and approve bills related to the country's decentralization process. This call was made in a complex political context, during the last …
General (r) Enrique López Albújar Trint, former Minister of Defense of Alan García's government, was ambushed by three guerrillas who riddled him with bullets while he was driving his car without the members of his personal security. According to Victor Polay Campos, it was an agreement and decision of a …
A complaint was filed regarding illicit negotiations that were allegedly taking place at the Ministry of Economy. The accusation pointed out that a total disorder had been generated in the granting of foreign currency. This accusation pointed to irregularities in the economic management of the APRA government during the last …
The Peruvian Congress held its third extraordinary session on February 5 and 6, 1990. This special session was called specifically to deal with the demarcation of the regions where popular consultations had been held. The extraordinary legislature was part of the decentralization process that was being implemented in the country …
The Cartagena Declaration was an international agreement made in the context of a meeting of presidents. According to the CVR report, this declaration would include emergency social programs, rural development and promotion of non-traditional exports. The document is mentioned in the context of Peru's foreign relations during Alan Garcia's administration. …
President Alan Garcia Perez observed the Teacher's Law that had been approved by the Legislative Branch, which generated protests from the Teachers' Union. In response to this observation, the Ministry of Economy issued a communiqué stating that the financial quantification of the benefits presented in the law represented amounts that …
On April 22, 1990, the Third Summit of Presidents of the Andean Group was held in Peru. During this summit, President Alan García Pérez demanded that the U.S. government comply with the agreements of the Cartagena anti-drug meeting held in February of the same year. This event took place in …
President Alan Garcia Perez promulgated the Teachers' Law on May 19, 1990. This law had been previously approved by the Legislative but was observed by the President, which generated protests from the Teachers' Union. In response to the observations, the Ministry of Economy issued a communiqué stating that the financial …
In mid-July 1990, at the end of Alan Garcia's administration, General Delgado Rojas, Political and Military Chief of the Junin emergency zone, organized the First Regional Congress of Rondas in Bellavista, district of Jarpa, in the province of Chupaca. The congress was attended by rondero delegates from the valleys of …
The Chamber of Deputies of the Peruvian Congress agreed to declare the constitutional accusation against former president Alan García Pérez for the prison massacre that took place in 1986. This accusation took place in the context of the end of his presidential term and the beginning of Alberto Fujimori's government. …
The Chamber of Deputies approved by a majority of 95 votes, against 57 and 26 abstentions, to constitutionally accuse former president Alan García Pérez. The charges presented were for alleged illicit enrichment and crimes against public faith. This constitutional accusation took place in the context of the first year of …
A Supreme Vocal dismissed the complaint filed by the Attorney General against former President Alan Garcia Perez. This decision came after in October 1991 the Chamber of Deputies had approved to constitutionally accuse Garcia Perez for alleged charges of illicit enrichment and against public faith, with 95 votes in favor, …
The Minister of Economy, Carlos Boloña Behr, publicly accuses former President Alan García Pérez and the Comptroller General of the Republic, Luz Áurea Saenz, of boycotting the economic program implemented by the government with exclusively political interests. Boloña specifically criticized the Comptroller's intentions to enter the National Superintendence of Tax …
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