The 1965 guerrilla movement was an insurgent movement that had a significant impact on the communities in the Oreja de Perro area. After these events, the communities of Mollebamba, Santa Carmen, Oronqoy, among others, created communal schools in 1967. In 1973, Abimael Guzman gave a talk at the Ongoy high …
In 1973, the high school of Ongoy, located in the province of Andahuaylas, experienced a process of politicization. Abimael Guzman, leader of the Shining Path, visited the school and gave a talk to the students. In his presentation, Guzman addressed topics such as poverty in Peru, Agrarian Reform and made …
In 1973, during the III Plenary Session of its Central Committee, Sendero Luminoso (SL) decided to expand beyond its university confines by creating 'organismos generados' or movements generated by the proletariat across various work fronts. These organizations were ideologically aligned with the party, aimed at mass mobilization, and adhered to …
In 1976, Sendero Luminoso emphasized the importance of urban areas and the proletariat in their revolutionary strategy. They aimed to mobilize, politicize, organize, and arm the masses to support a 'people's war' against the state. The Movement Revolutionary Defense of the People (MRDP) was formed to unite various social classes …
Nilda Atanasio, a former student of Abimael Guzmán, played a significant role in the ideological penetration and consolidation of the PCP-SL at the National University of Education (UNE) in Lima during the 1970s. Her activities included forming study circles and engaging in open proselytism for the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) …
The internal armed conflict in Peru began with the decision of the Communist Party of Peru, Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL), to seize power through armed struggle. Their strategy involved targeting individuals who represented the old state, particularly local authorities and social leaders, resulting in the deaths of approximately 1680 such individuals. …
In 1980, President Fernando Belaunde Terry restored press freedom in Peru as his first act of government. This period marked the beginning of a free and competitive press environment, which had to navigate the challenges of reporting on the rise of terrorism by Sendero Luminoso, as well as issues like …
Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) emerged as an unexpected adversary in Peru, initiating its conflict in Ayacucho in 1980. The group, led by Abimael Guzmán, capitalized on the weak state presence in rural areas and the lack of preparedness of local police forces. Despite the government's initial reluctance to involve the …
Norma Mansilla Parra was kidnapped at the age of 6 by the Shining Path. At the age of 12 she began armed training. At 15 she was baptized as 'Nelida'. At 19 she was freed by the police. Her testimony talks about her 13 years under the Shining Path, showing …
Between 1980 and 1991, the subversion caused the loss of two billion dollars by destroying the structure of high-tension electricity towers. According to ELECTRO-PERU, the number of towers demolished in 1989 was 335. Total losses were estimated at US$ 600 million according to ELECTRO-PERU. This destruction of electrical infrastructure was …
In May 1980, the Communist Party of Peru, known as Sendero Luminoso, initiated an armed conflict against the Peruvian state and society. This conflict, marked by extreme violence, resulted in Sendero Luminoso being responsible for 54% of the reported fatalities, with an estimated total of 31,331 deaths. The conflict highlighted …
An 8-year-old girl witnessed her parents and older siblings being beaten by the Shining Path. The children began to scream but out of fear they had to stay quiet. Many urinated and relieved themselves on their clothes. Despite the girl's pleas for mercy and compassion, they killed her mother and …
On May 1, 1980, members of the Sendero Luminoso held a final meeting at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH) to announce the start of their 'people's war.' The event was marked by speeches under a display of red flags, with participants dressed in attire reminiscent of …
The internal armed conflict in Peru began in May 1980, marked by significant human rights violations. The conflict involved subversive groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA, as well as state agents, leading to arbitrary executions and massacres. Despite international human rights treaties in place, such as the International Covenant on …
In May 1980, the burning of ballot boxes by Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) in Chuschi marked the beginning of a period of intense political violence in Ayacucho, Peru. This violence soon spread to neighboring regions such as Apurímac and Huancavelica. The response from the state included harsh counterinsurgency measures by …
The general elections of May 1980 marked the return to democracy in Peru after the military government. Acción Popular (AP) obtained a clear victory, surpassing by far the required 36%. In the Andean South, AP won a majority in the departments of Apurimac, Cuzco and Madre de Dios, except in …
On the eve of the presidential elections of May 1980, the PCP-SL broke into Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, attacking the electoral registry office. This event marked the symbolic beginning of the internal war unleashed by the Shining Path. The action culminated with the capture of four suspects. The event was barely …
During a massacre in the community of Hierba Buenayoc, female Shining Path terrorists mercilessly butchered babies, arguing that it was difficult to raise them and that they should kill them. An 8-year-old witness witnessed how they picked up the babies like rabbits and butchered them. This act exemplifies the extreme …
The Shining Path gathered children to take them to the bush at the point of beatings. When some of the children resisted, the terrorists grabbed one of them, beat him even more, and forced the other children to grab him tightly. In the presence of everyone, they cut off his …
On 17 May 1980, in Chuschi, Ayacucho, a group of armed militants from Sendero Luminoso initiated their political and military plans by burning election materials. This marked the beginning of a series of violent actions aimed at involving the masses and gaining experience for their cadres. Subsequent attacks included dynamiting …
In 1980, President Fernando Belaunde Terry restored freedom of the press in his first act of government. That same year, Sendero Luminoso made its first official appearance, initiating terrorist acts. The violence broke out in a period of democracy and free press, causing initial bewilderment in the media, which had …
The Shining Path carried out its first public action by burning ballot boxes in Chuschi, Ayacucho, on the day of the general elections. This act marked the official beginning of the internal armed conflict. The media initially played down the importance of these events, moving them from the front pages …
On May 17, 1980, Shining Path members, presumably led by comrades "Feliciano" and "Johan", dynamited the premises of the provincial municipality and Educational Center No. This attack is part of the chronology of political violence in the mining centers of the Central Highlands of Peru. The event marks one of …
The Shining Path began its so-called "people's war" on May 18, 1980, the same day as the return to democracy with the presidential elections. The violence took place in a scenario of democratic transition after the military dictatorship, in the midst of a serious economic and social crisis. The Shining …
Militants of the Workers and Classist Workers Movement (MOTC), an organization of the Shining Path, threw explosive devices known as Molotov cocktails against the district municipal headquarters of San Martin de Porres in Lima. This attack was part of the first armed actions of the PCP-SL in the capital of …
An explosive device was detonated at the tomb of General Juan Velasco Alvarado, who was the first president of the military government that ruled Peru between 1968 and 1975. This attack, attributed to the PCP-Sendero Luminoso, was part of the first armed actions of the subversive organization and occurred when …
On August 17, 1980, PCP-SL (Shining Path) militants set fire to the Santa Rosa de Sacco District Council in the province of Yauli. This attack was part of the first violent actions of the PCP-SL in the central region of Peru, specifically in the department of Junin. The burning of …
On August 26, 1980, Shining Path militants threw dynamite firecrackers at the Provincial Council of Tarma. This attack was part of the first subversive actions of the PCP-SL in the department of Junin, during the first months of the beginning of the so-called "people's war". The attack was part of …
In December 1980, there was an attack on the high voltage towers that left the entire province of Angaraes in darkness. This type of sabotage to the electrical infrastructure was one of the initial tactics used by the Shining Path in their campaign of political violence. The attack was part …
Edith Lagos Sáez, a former law student at San Martín de Porres University, was arrested in Ayacucho and was accused of being one of the 'four most important leaders of the Shining Path'. Guzman later denied this characterization in an interview with the CVR, pointing out that the press had …
On December 24, 1980, Benigno Medina, an administrator of a medium-sized farm known as Fundo de San Agustín de Ayzarca, was brutally tortured and murdered in front of the farm workers. Alongside him, a young employee named Ricardo Lizarbe was also killed. The attack was carried out by a group …
During the political violence in Peru, the Church was targeted by the terrorist group Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path). In 1981, the group attacked the Convent of the Carmelites in Ayacucho and the Institute Rural Palermo near Juli, causing public outrage and leading to mass protests. Sendero Luminoso viewed the Church …
In 1981, the convent of the Carmelites in Ayacucho, Peru, was attacked amidst the violence affecting the region. Sendero Luminoso (SL) considered it not yet the time to attack the church directly, but in areas under their control, they rejected the church's work and imposed restrictions on religious activities. This …
In 1981, the PCP-SL (Shining Path) appeared in Alto Huallaga, taking advantage of the climate of social chaos created by drug trafficking. They presented themselves as the executioner of a corrupt and inefficient bureaucratic state and assumed the supposed defense of the interests of coca growers, who were being attacked …
In 1981, the PCP-SL appeared in Alto Huallaga, taking advantage of the climate of social chaos created by drug trafficking. They presented themselves as the executioner of a corrupt and inefficient bureaucratic state and assumed the supposed defense of the interests of the coca growers, who were being attacked by …
In 1981, the Peruvian government, led by Acción Popular, promulgated the 'Antiterrorist Law' in response to increasing subversive activities by groups like Sendero Luminoso. The law was intended to curb terrorism by criminalizing actions such as the destruction of public and private property. However, it faced strong opposition from leftist …
During the early 1980s, members of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) in Peruvian prisons like El Frontón and Lurigancho organized themselves with strict discipline, viewing imprisonment as a continuation of their struggle against the state. This led to internal conflicts and hostilities, particularly against inmates from other leftist parties, creating …
On March 10, 1981, the Peruvian government, under the authority of Law 23230, promulgated Legislative Decree 046, which defined the crime of terrorism and established procedural norms for such cases. This decree was introduced amidst the rise of subversive activities by the group Sendero Luminoso, which created significant political tension …
In May 1981, the revolutionary group Sendero Luminoso, led by Abimael Guzmán, initiated a violent campaign to overthrow the Peruvian government. This campaign involved brutal attacks on police posts and state authorities, as well as efforts to establish new power structures in rural areas. Despite early warnings and intelligence reports, …
In June 1981, police forces announced the capture of two Shining Path cells, indicating that their members were UNSCH students. This fact was used to reinforce the hypothesis about the existence of links between the university and the Shining Path. The stigma about the university becoming a pack of potential …
On October 11, 1981, members of the Sendero Luminoso, a Peruvian guerrilla group, attacked the police station in Tambo, Ayacucho. The attack resulted in the death of three police officers and the theft of several firearms. This event was part of a broader strategy by Sendero Luminoso to provoke the …
In November 1981, Shining Path carried out a dynamite attack against the installations of the state-owned company Centromín Perú in La Oroya. The Shining Path dynamited the doors of the Industrial Relations and Social Service offices of the mining company. This attack was part of the Shining Path's first incursions …
In December 1981, Shining Path carried out raids in three important mining centers in the department of Huancavelica: Cobriza, Julcani and La Mejorada. During these raids, the Shining Path took abundant explosive material from the mining facilities. This action was part of the first Shining Path operations in the mining …
In 1982, the insurgent group Sendero Luminoso intensified its campaign of violence in the Ayacucho region of Peru. Local authorities and individuals accused of collaborating with the government or engaging in antisocial behavior were targeted and killed. The violence included the assassination of local leaders and community members, leading to …
In 1982, the Peruvian government, facing increasing subversive threats, enacted Law 24150, which marked a significant shift towards militarization in the fight against insurgent groups like Sendero Luminoso. This law was enacted amidst a change in government and was criticized for undermining democratic civilian power by granting more control to …
In 1982, the militant group Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) established control over the districts of Sancos, Lucanamarca, and Sacsamarca in Ayacucho, Peru. They implemented 'popular schools' and declared Sacsamarca a liberated zone. The year marked the beginning of significant violence, including the assassination of Alejandro Marquina Martínez in Sancos, and …
In 1982, the Peruvian Police Intelligence Directorate (DIRIN) was heavily affected by corruption, which severely hindered its ability to conduct effective counterinsurgency operations. The corruption within DIRIN allowed the insurgent group Sendero Luminoso to grow more rapidly than it might have otherwise. General Teófilo Aliaga, who was not part of …
In 1982, Valerio Flores, a student accused of being a member of the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path), was tortured and murdered by the Guardia Republicana and local ronderos in Oronqoy, Peru. This event occurred amidst a period of intense conflict and violence in the region, as government forces and local …
In 1982, the subversive commanders of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path in the Chapi sector, in their efforts to expand the area of influence of the so-called liberated zones, began to make contact with other villages. During this expansion process, members of the PCP-SL entered the community …
In 1982, the Peruvian army installed military bases in the districts of Castrovirreyna and Santa Inés in the department of Huancavelica. These military installations were established in the context of the internal armed conflict and the presence of the Shining Path in the region. The bases were strategically located in …
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