In 1960, the derogation of Law 12502 led to the dismissal of Walter Peñalosa Ramella and other professors from La Cantuta, who were considered communists. This action sparked significant student protests involving the entire national teaching body, culminating in a march to Lima. The event highlighted La Cantuta as a …
On February 20, 1977, the National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, known as La Cantuta, was closed by resolution 4661-77, suspending academic activities and detaining 651 students. The closure lasted for 41 months and occurred amidst internal conflicts among students, leading to the death of student Walter Bravo …
In 1984, the Ley Universitaria 23733, also known as the Alayza-Sánchez law, was enacted in Peru. This law repealed the legal provisions imposed by the military government and restored university autonomy. However, political parties, particularly from the left, used the universities for political gains, leading to a division of power …
The 1986 prison massacre had a symbolic impact on the National University of Education. Shortly after these events, the portrait of Abimael Guzmán was drawn on the walls of the university dining hall at La Cantuta, symbolically representing the PCP-SL's domination of the university. This marked a turning point in …
In 1987, Patria Roja experienced its second split when its Bolshevik faction decided to move away from the official party line. This split was due to ideological differences, with the Bolshevik faction adopting a discourse closer to the PCP-SL. The split affected the political work that Patria Roja was developing …
In 1987 the great march of sacrifice from La Cantuta to Lima took place, with the participation of between 3000 and 4000 students, led by the university authorities including Milcíades Hidalgo. During the march, the PCP-SL appropriated all the slogans, changing slogans such as 'combat, resist, popular slogan' to 'combat, …
On February 13, 1987, during the state of emergency and in the middle of the curfew imposed in Lima, around four thousand policemen entered the university residences of three state universities in Lima: San Marcos, Engineering and La Cantuta, in the early hours of the morning. The Minister of the …
On April 19, 1989, combined Army and police forces carried out a simultaneous raid on the universities of San Marcos and La Cantuta in Lima. More than 500 students were arrested during the operation. This operation was part of the counter-subversive strategy of the APRA government in a context of …
In the early morning of April 20, 1989, soldiers and police entered San Marcos and La Cantuta universities. This military intervention took place in a context of intensification of the anti-subversive struggle by the APRA government. The operation was part of the actions of the forces of law and order …
In the early morning of April 20, 1989, joint army and police forces again entered the universities of San Marcos and La Cantuta, arresting more than 500 people. During the process that led to the military intervention (1991-2000), the government proceeded to produce a counter-subversive manual, in which San Marcos …
On January 26, 1991, a local television station projected a video showing a political and cultural event held inside the UNE, where it could be seen that, with the participation of Shining Path leaders, university students and students from a school paraded carrying flags of the PCP-SL and singing hymns …
La Cantuta was militarily intervened at 3:00 a.m. on May 22, 1991, following a visit by then president Fujimori to the campus. Military troops stormed the university. By then, most of the 300 residents were aware of the situation and had managed to leave the premises beforehand. Among the students …
On June 23, 1991, one month after the military intervention in La Cantuta, the police arrested Víctor Zavala Cataño, accused of being the head of the PCP-SL's Planning and Annihilation Committee at the national level. This action was part of a series of arrests of the main leaders of the …
In August 1991, Santiago Martin Rivas and Carlos Pichilingüe Guevara developed the Plan Cipango, ostensibly to guide the Army Intelligence's operations against subversive elements. However, it is believed to have served as a cover for the activities of the Grupo Colina death squad. The plan's operational areas coincided with locations …
The Barrios Altos and La Cantuta massacres were carried out by the Colina Group, a death squad within the Peruvian Army, under the influence of Vladimiro Montesinos, the presidential advisor to then-President Alberto Fujimori. These operations were coordinated with high-ranking military officials and involved the use of resources from the …
Peter Cardenas Schultz, one of the leaders of the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement), was captured in April 1992 in Raucana. This occurred in the same month as the April 5, 1992 coup d'état carried out by President Alberto Fujimori. During a confrontation in Raucana, 3 villagers were killed and …
Members of the Colina Detachment are responsible for the disappearance and subsequent execution of 9 students and a professor of the Enrique Guzmán y Valle University, known as La Cantuta. The victims were kidnapped at night on the university campus itself, which was guarded by a military detachment that had …
The Colina Group carried out the kidnapping and disappearance of a professor and nine students from La Cantuta in July 1992. This event occurred in the context of the military polarization that followed the coup d'état of April 5, 1992 and was part of the selective assassinations carried out by …
In July 1992, the paramilitary group Colina carried out an operation at the Enrique Guzmán y Valle National University, known as 'La Cantuta'. This operation involved the extrajudicial execution of nine students and a university professor. The events took place in a context of extreme violence and after the self-coup …
The Barrios Altos massacre and La Cantuta case involve the extrajudicial killing of nine students and a professor from the Universidad Nacional de Educación 'Enrique Guzmán y Valle' in July 1992. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled against the Peruvian state for these human rights violations. Despite the court's …
On July 18, 1992, students from the Enrique Guzmán y Valle National University of Education, known as La Cantuta, disappeared. This event occurred in a context of intensifying political violence in the country, a few months after the self-coup of April 5, 1992. The disappearance occurred during the period of …
There was a military raid on the student residence of the Enrique Guzmán y Valle University that ended with the kidnapping and disappearance of nine students and a professor. This operation was carried out by a group of SIE agents not stationed in the area and directed from the SIN, …
On July 18, 1992, a military raid on the student residence of the Enrique Guzmán y Valle University (La Cantuta) ended with the kidnapping and disappearance of nine students and a professor of the university. This event occurred in the context of the state of emergency and the intensification of …
Two days after the Tarata attack, the kidnapping and disappearance of the professor and 9 students of La Cantuta took place. Monsignor Jose Dammert, in his homily for national holidays, referred to the terrible wave of violence and proposed the implementation of sensible military measures that would not lead to …
In the early morning of July 18, 1992, nine students (Juan Gabriel Mariño, Bertila Lozano Torres, Dora Oyague Fierro, Robert Teodoro Espinoza, Marcelino Rosales Cárdenas, Felipe Flores Chipana, Luis Enrique Ortiz Perea, Armando Amaro Cóndor and Heráclides Pablo Meza) and professor Hugo Muñoz Sánchez, were kidnapped from the University Housing …
On July 18, 1992, university students from La Cantuta were assassinated, accused as terrorists by intelligence agents and the troops installed in the university. This event took place in the context of the militarized intervention of the university since 1991, when military bases were installed in La Cantuta, Huaycán and …
Between the last hours of July 17 and the early morning of July 18, 1992, members of the Colina Detachment in coordination with members of the military base located at La Cantuta University broke into the university housing. In the presence of fifty witnesses, they kidnapped nine students and one …
In September 1992, Abimael Guzmán and almost all of his Central Committee were captured. This was probably the central factor in the abandonment of the Shining Path cadres at La Cantuta. The capture was preceded by a series of arrests of the main leaders of the PCP-SL, including Víctor Zavala …
In 1993, tensions rose in Peru following the disappearance and extrajudicial execution of a professor and ten students from the Universidad Enrique Guzmán y Valle, known as the 'La Cantuta' case. General Nicolás Hermoza Ríos and intelligence advisor Vladimiro Montesinos were accused of maintaining a paramilitary group responsible for this …
The disappearance of university students from La Cantuta was a significant event involving allegations of forced disappearances and a controversial investigation by the DINCOTE. The police claimed a subversive conspiracy, but evidence and expert analysis suggested possible fabrication of evidence. The case raised doubts about the involvement of the accused …
In 1993, the Peruvian Congress approved the creation of a Special Investigation Commission for the 'La Cantuta' case, involving the disappearance and murder of university students and a professor. The investigation sought to interview high-ranking military officials and presidential advisor Vladimiro Montesinos. Despite initial resistance and legal maneuvering by military …
During the internal conflict in Peru, university students were detained and tortured on suspicion of terrorism. National universities, especially the Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique y Valle (La Cantuta) and others, were targeted. In 1993, one witness reported the detention of an individual in Piura, who was accused of terrorism …
On April 2, 1993, Congressman Henry Pease García informed the Peruvian Congress about a document from a military organization, COMACA, which alleged that a professor and nine students from 'La Cantuta' were murdered by an army command with the knowledge of high-ranking military officials. This led to the creation of …
General Nicolás Hermoza Ríos went before the investigative commission and emphatically denied that the Army had programmed and executed the operation during which the students and the teacher from La Cantuta were detained. This initial denial was later contradicted by the general himself.
On May 6, 1993, General EP (r) Rodolfo Robles Espinoza, third in line in the Peruvian Army, in a public letter accused Army commanders and intelligence advisor Vladimiro Montesinos Torres of maintaining an operational command responsible for crimes against humanity, among them those of Barrios Altos and La Cantuta. In …
General Nicolas Hermoza admitted, for the first time before Congress, the previously denied possibility that some members of the military had participated in the La Cantuta kidnapping. This admission contradicted his previous statement of April 20, 1993.
In spite of the evidence of the kidnapping and murder of the students and the professor of La Cantuta, the official majority in Congress approved the minority opinion that sustained the thesis of self-kidnapping. This decision was taken, although it seems incredible, denying the evidence of military participation in the …
The discovery of the La Cantuta graves gave new impetus to the denunciations of human rights violations. Fujimori's government did not assume responsibility, opting instead for the disqualification of the legitimacy of the denouncers and their permanent harassment. The government will continue with a series of intentional changes in legislation …
On July 8, 1993, the magazine Sí revealed that the remains of some students from La Cantuta had been buried in the Chavilca ravine, in the district of Cieneguilla. Prosecutor Víctor Cubas Villanueva carried out a verification diligence before representatives of the national and international press, finding buried bone and …
The La Cantuta massacre involved the murder of nine students and a professor from the Universidad La Cantuta, with their bodies discovered on 12 July 1993 in Cieneguilla, Lima. Investigations led by journalists like Ricardo Uceda faced significant challenges, including threats and lack of cooperation from authorities. The event highlighted …
Juan Mallea was detained and tortured by the DINCOTE, the anti-terrorism police in Peru, in July 1993. He was presented at a press conference as the author of plans that led to the discovery of the remains of the disappeared from 'La Cantuta'. The event was used to accuse him …
On November 2, 1993, the magazine Sí reported that in the early morning of July 18, 1992, the ten bodies of the victims of La Cantuta were initially buried in a hollow located at kilometer 1.5 of the Ramiro Prialé Highway (Huachipa) used by the National Police as a shooting …
President Alberto Fujimori revealed for the first time that Major Santiago Martin Rivas was detained for the La Cantuta crime. The other names of those involved remained confidential. This revelation marked the beginning of the judicial process against those responsible.
In 1994, the government of Alberto Fujimori was compelled to prosecute and convict those responsible for the 'La Cantuta' crime, although the process was deemed unconstitutional due to the involvement of the military court. Despite evidence linking the convicted individuals to the 'Barrios Altos' massacre, the military court irregularly took …
In February 1994, the Peruvian Congress passed the 'Cantuta Law,' which altered the voting requirements in the Supreme Court to resolve jurisdictional conflicts between military and civilian courts. This law was enacted amidst a legal battle over the prosecution of military officers involved in the 'La Cantuta' case, where nine …
The Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court, made up of five justices, did not reach the four votes required by its Organic Law to resolve a jurisdictional dispute over the La Cantuta case. The vote was three to two in favor of the military jurisdiction. A second vote was then …
The government enacted the so-called 'Cantuta Law', according to which jurisdictional disputes are understood to be resolved with a simple majority. In practice, this paralyzed the new vote on jurisdiction in the La Cantuta case and the case went directly to military jurisdiction, favoring the impunity of those responsible.
On February 21, 1994, the War Chamber of the Supreme Council of Military Justice issued a sentence in joined cases 157-93 and 8841-93 against officers and subalterns of the Peruvian Army for the kidnapping, disappearance and execution of the nine students and the teacher from La Cantuta. Major Santiago Martin …
On October 21, 1994, the War Chamber of the Supreme Council of Military Justice issued a resolution ordering the dismissal of the proceedings in the La Cantuta case, arguing that the crime had been proven but not the responsibility of the defendants. This resolution was confirmed by the Review Chamber …
In 1995, Congress passed a law amnesting the military, exonerating them of the multiple human rights violations committed during the internal war. This fact, together with the administrative intervention of the UNE, opened a new period in the process of violence in the university that led to an institutionalized silence. …
In 1995, the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru enacted an Amnesty Law that granted amnesty to military, police, and civilian personnel accused of human rights violations during the fight against terrorism. This law led to the release of officers convicted for the La Cantuta massacre and other human rights …
The Cenepa War was a brief military conflict between Peru and Ecuador in early 1995, centered around the disputed border area of Tiwinza. The conflict had significant political implications in Peru, influencing the presidential elections and bolstering the popularity of President Alberto Fujimori. The aftermath saw Fujimori's government passing a …
The amnesty bill was presented without prior notice by pro-government congressmen on the night of June 13 and approved in the early hours of June 14 with 47 votes in favor and 11 against. The General Amnesty Law (26479) benefited those sentenced for human rights violations during the fight against …
The General Amnesty Law for military personnel is approved, which benefits members of the armed forces accused of human rights violations. This law generates strong national and international controversy because it prevents the prosecution of cases such as La Cantuta and others.
On 15 June 1995, the Peruvian Congress passed an amnesty law granting general amnesty to military, police, and civilian personnel involved in crimes during the internal conflict. This law was passed with 47 votes in favor and 11 against, and it aimed to prevent investigations into cases involving military and …
On June 29, 1995, in reaction to Judge Saquicuray's decision, Congress passed Law 26492, known as the 'Barrios Altos Law', without public debate. This law 'interpreted' that the amnesty was of obligatory application by the Judicial Power and could not be reviewed in the courts, expressly prohibiting judges from exercising …
On July 6, 1995, the War Chamber of the Supreme Council of Military Justice issued a second resolution ordering the dismissal of the proceedings in the La Cantuta case, arguing that the crime had been proven but not the responsibility of the defendants. This resolution was confirmed by the Review …
Congressmen from different parties proposed to Congress to appoint an investigative commission on the military situation and the relationship with the Armed Forces and the National Intelligence Service of those who were sentenced for the murder of a teacher and nine students of La Cantuta, as well as those who …
The Reorganization Commission at UNE (COREUNE) ended its functions on November 28, 2000, according to Law No. 27366, when the Transitory Government Committee presided by Rolando Vizarraga and Guillermo Vargas was installed. During the COREUNE period, professors linked to the former Leftist parties were dismissed. Subsequently, COREUNE facilitated, by reducing …
On March 14, 2001, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled against the Peruvian laws of 'Auto-amnistía' No. 26475 and No. 26492, which had previously allowed the release of members of the 'Destacamento Colina' involved in human rights violations. The court declared these laws incompatible with the American Convention on …
On March 14, 2001, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled on the incompatibility of self-amnesty laws No. 26475 and No. 26492 in the Barrios Altos case. The Court qualified these laws as self-amnesty laws, stating that they lead to the defenselessness of the victims and the perpetuation of impunity, …
2018
2018
2018
2018
2017
2013
2012
2012
2011
2011
2011
2010
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2008
2008
2008
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2006
2003
2003
2002
2002
2002
2001
1999
1998
1996
1996
1995
1995
1994
1993
1993
![[Excised] Says Army/SIN Death Squad Exists](https://sub-versiones-timeline-media.s3.amazonaws.com/library/thumbnails/6495_pdf_thumb.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIARV664T7RPJ7IYRPB&Signature=WLlaHlsxSIm7jWJ9%2B8LfOPy16P4%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEH4aCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIFqWDdm7lNfumvCa6jfLdrXbUvmTRAcWaXf9mchZWs%2F%2FAiEAo0gjSL3r4vH8OPA1dqpF677OUT05YzK6EFDEG0MHo9IqvAUIRxABGgwxMTU4OTQ2ODk3NjIiDOVyeSiv6ncm87QaLiqZBaW1i3SVPwm5SFxtAqKYzf3mzQAA3Zh6IRB58wvMmfRR72a83JWAK2VkItOSRtKbB4o7AnBAoR3Wtt%2FTvIsIkhhZTegXrNDCJgxvkfxvSeHPvnejiauSEE6Zgw44704hTzIbWkhis9Oe3CLdCHaBK9VM9fh9q6WXzXUVe%2FtduxsHU2cgjjfwDMIXn2wCBhPN%2BZHbodC5BiYQ4lzCT5Usrw1XC4prQVhnAOHduf0fYh7VUTNUhY3EaLJ%2FyoGNpABFdS9Umo8HgObz9ZQ%2Fw%2BQiubfYbre4EqcdFaOy5Fc3fRTcFDQRpXu3Ciol4T8dSIyawiWH%2F7P6wqAgXPTHvwnMiV292mJsllX%2BF4eaEucN93MCsdv2dwRh7lfN8odexannESDqmf6QeT8ricmN7vEb4ncIE3QbW3HB2Wx4etCsR2eSTFAsNRcvOlvY5BUxpDs%2F9B4FP%2B3xZfqflYksJr%2F%2BLHJfDMhoKdTYJfpXz9MJDoE4VdDk3LlajnFeKi%2FQOX3DYUoe4aW3hbzJG4wQWY%2BOLS%2BoHJ8M%2BCg3%2FBvYWVP38e3%2BkAQVj3SfQYsGyb1c8PQT3x4xomA0tvPNJWIpa2cFDKEL2qjDs4FBSu8mE9EV5jRC1i4MZ7v0JZ4BE%2BnObmFqP30F4aOjJTXNzTE%2BwFT42HJJQEPJebLjXvvhssfxH91sj%2FKvjqSGGPaTsyXMNhAcvqBbLCYfFL%2BxbAvP3b2CRypTQ0gagxKBud3JFdGd3GIl%2BYNKMQw0ISZv1bEaV2ZBG2wqe0kDpJx1WYw%2FHXtLjke%2Bs%2B%2FHZ5FHrCeFt220OBHp2AHhK40rtkGPmuQm11w93P2IuEm3RoqPqNCcyT8BNecEd0z4t5dtf3p83xbtLaNMurzSajqMaMwQMMnGgtEGOrEBKZcmJbx5YnvS7oLmjRjytVOXfNXPfQ412717bsOGwSoJYbAcbqS3yJa5RAH%2B737mUTskp7qY0HO4igRqiq8VC8wvMlGXW7z8iExn4QdkP16YGSQCkGe6SyAeuu4eURo3BSjriIK8J3xgM0YtetNB%2BoncbnPFbhGkry8utvKDklPLBHcL0VPqOwUBM1tCJqK%2Fxu%2FD6KFrA%2FoR%2Buf9Gl4%2BvVGJmj80mItzfTFsIU%2B32dQA&Expires=1780531607)
1993
1993
1993
![[EXCISED] Says Army/SIN Death Squad Existed](https://sub-versiones-timeline-media.s3.amazonaws.com/library/thumbnails/6576_pdf_thumb.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIARV664T7RPJ7IYRPB&Signature=jNaumwuqmwk8CZlSP6tBHNuPbFk%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEH4aCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIFqWDdm7lNfumvCa6jfLdrXbUvmTRAcWaXf9mchZWs%2F%2FAiEAo0gjSL3r4vH8OPA1dqpF677OUT05YzK6EFDEG0MHo9IqvAUIRxABGgwxMTU4OTQ2ODk3NjIiDOVyeSiv6ncm87QaLiqZBaW1i3SVPwm5SFxtAqKYzf3mzQAA3Zh6IRB58wvMmfRR72a83JWAK2VkItOSRtKbB4o7AnBAoR3Wtt%2FTvIsIkhhZTegXrNDCJgxvkfxvSeHPvnejiauSEE6Zgw44704hTzIbWkhis9Oe3CLdCHaBK9VM9fh9q6WXzXUVe%2FtduxsHU2cgjjfwDMIXn2wCBhPN%2BZHbodC5BiYQ4lzCT5Usrw1XC4prQVhnAOHduf0fYh7VUTNUhY3EaLJ%2FyoGNpABFdS9Umo8HgObz9ZQ%2Fw%2BQiubfYbre4EqcdFaOy5Fc3fRTcFDQRpXu3Ciol4T8dSIyawiWH%2F7P6wqAgXPTHvwnMiV292mJsllX%2BF4eaEucN93MCsdv2dwRh7lfN8odexannESDqmf6QeT8ricmN7vEb4ncIE3QbW3HB2Wx4etCsR2eSTFAsNRcvOlvY5BUxpDs%2F9B4FP%2B3xZfqflYksJr%2F%2BLHJfDMhoKdTYJfpXz9MJDoE4VdDk3LlajnFeKi%2FQOX3DYUoe4aW3hbzJG4wQWY%2BOLS%2BoHJ8M%2BCg3%2FBvYWVP38e3%2BkAQVj3SfQYsGyb1c8PQT3x4xomA0tvPNJWIpa2cFDKEL2qjDs4FBSu8mE9EV5jRC1i4MZ7v0JZ4BE%2BnObmFqP30F4aOjJTXNzTE%2BwFT42HJJQEPJebLjXvvhssfxH91sj%2FKvjqSGGPaTsyXMNhAcvqBbLCYfFL%2BxbAvP3b2CRypTQ0gagxKBud3JFdGd3GIl%2BYNKMQw0ISZv1bEaV2ZBG2wqe0kDpJx1WYw%2FHXtLjke%2Bs%2B%2FHZ5FHrCeFt220OBHp2AHhK40rtkGPmuQm11w93P2IuEm3RoqPqNCcyT8BNecEd0z4t5dtf3p83xbtLaNMurzSajqMaMwQMMnGgtEGOrEBKZcmJbx5YnvS7oLmjRjytVOXfNXPfQ412717bsOGwSoJYbAcbqS3yJa5RAH%2B737mUTskp7qY0HO4igRqiq8VC8wvMlGXW7z8iExn4QdkP16YGSQCkGe6SyAeuu4eURo3BSjriIK8J3xgM0YtetNB%2BoncbnPFbhGkry8utvKDklPLBHcL0VPqOwUBM1tCJqK%2Fxu%2FD6KFrA%2FoR%2Buf9Gl4%2BvVGJmj80mItzfTFsIU%2B32dQA&Expires=1780531607)
1993
1993