The rebellion of 1934 in Ayacucho and Huancavelica was part of a larger national insurrection attempt by the APRA party. Led by Arístides Guillén Valdivia, local rebels managed to take control of key government buildings in Huamanga, believing in a nationwide uprising. However, upon realizing they were abandoned by their …
The 1940 national census recorded a total population of 7,023,111 inhabitants in Peru. At that time, Metropolitan Lima had 661,508 inhabitants, representing only 9.4% of the country's total population. This census marks an important reference point for understanding the subsequent demographic changes experienced by the country, especially the process of …
In 1945, the La Parada wholesale market was inaugurated in Lima, an event that had important demographic and urban consequences for the Peruvian capital. This inauguration generated a new wave of slum formation in the area, driving migration and informal settlement processes. The opening of this wholesale market provoked the …
The invasion of San Cosme hill in 1946 marked the beginning of the process of formation of shantytowns around the city of Lima. This event was followed months later by the invasion of San Pedro and the following year by that of El Agustino, despite strong state repression that would …
In 1946, the invasion of Cerro San Cosme marked the beginning of the formation of precarious settlements around Lima. This event was followed by similar invasions in San Pedro and El Agustino, despite strong state repression. Over time, the state adopted a more tolerant approach, leading to the growth of …
The invasion of San Pedro was one of the first land occupations that initiated the formation of shantytowns around Lima. It occurred months after the invasion of San Cosme hill in 1946, followed the next year by the invasion of El Agustino. These invasions took place despite strong state repression …
The invasion of El Agustino occurred in 1947, as part of the first wave of slum formation in Metropolitan Lima. This process began with the invasion of San Cosme hill in 1946, followed months later by that of San Pedro, and the following year by that of El Agustino. These …
In 1960, the derogation of Law 12502 led to the dismissal of Walter Peñalosa Ramella and other professors from La Cantuta, who were considered communists. This action sparked significant student protests involving the entire national teaching body, culminating in a march to Lima. The event highlighted La Cantuta as a …
In 1961, seven additional districts were registered in the province of Lima, four of them as a result of the creation of seaside resorts and three as a result of the subdivision of existing districts due to the pressure of urban growth. The three districts created by subdivision were Breña, …
The district of El Agustino was created in 1965 as part of the urban expansion process of Metropolitan Lima. This district arose from the formation of shantytowns in the Eastern Cone of the city, in a context of accelerated demographic growth as a result of internal migration. The creation of …
In 1967, the administrative division of the district of Lurigancho took place to create the new district of San Juan de Lurigancho. This division was the result of the pressure of urban growth in the eastern part of Metropolitan Lima. The process of district subdivision was part of the sociodemographic …
After the split of Red Flag in 1967, the red faction of the "José Carlos Mariátegui Regional Committee" (CRJCM), led by Abimael Guzmán, carried out a series of activities and plenary sessions in Lima. This split marked a crucial moment in the history of the Peruvian radical left, giving rise …
In 1969, significant student mobilizations occurred in Ayacucho, Peru, in response to a government decree threatening the free secondary education. These protests were part of a broader movement for educational rights and were influenced by the Frente de Defensa del Pueblo, which had connections to future members of the PCP-SL. …
During the 1970s, Lima experienced its greatest peripheral growth, with new districts being created as a result of the formation of shantytowns in the Northern, Southern and Eastern Cones. In the Northern Cone, the districts of Comas and Independencia were created as a result of the pressure of urban growth …
In 1971, around a thousand families, consisting of migrants and residents from the slum areas of central Lima, occupied state and private lands on the Primero de Mayo hill in Pamplona. The government, led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, relocated these settlers to a large sandy area 26 kilometers south …
Villa El Salvador was founded in 1971 as a response by the reformist military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) to a land invasion organized by recent migrants and residents of Lima's slums and alleys. The district was especially characterized by its organizational level, its capacity for self-management and the …
On 14 November 1972, the Comité Regional '14 de Junio' was formed as part of the Shining Path's efforts to establish 'generated organisms' among workers in various production sectors. This marked a significant step in expanding the organization's influence beyond Ayacucho, with small groups of militants also present in Lima …
In 1973, the Revolutionary Student Front (FER) of Huamanga, a member of the José Carlos Mariátegui Regional Committee (CRJCM) led by Abimael Guzmán, printed a series of leaflets that circulated clandestinely in the universities of Huamanga and Lima. On the cover of these leaflets appeared the profile of José Carlos …
Until 1975, coca leaf production in Alto Huallaga was mainly destined to supply the traditional demand. Its main consumers were the peasants of Huánuco, Cerro de Pasco, Junín and Andean migrants in Lima and other departments of the northern coast. The business was profitable and many coastal and highland traders …
In June 1975 the PCP-SL began the process of reconstitution of the party, incorporating new militants and rethinking the development of the people's war in the city. This process took place after the IV Plenum of the Central Committee held in 1974, where it was proposed to 'retake the path …
In June 1975, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began the reconstitution of the party, incorporating new militants and rethinking the development of the people's war in the city. When a contradiction appeared within the Regional Committee, Abimael Guzmán opted to hold the Convention of the Regional Committee 'June 14' in Lima, specifically …
In March 1976, the inhabitants of Ate-Vitarte mobilized in support of the workers of the FAM factory. This mobilization was part of a broader context of popular protests during the military regime, where the interests of the slum dwellers were articulated with the demands of the labor movement. The action …
In May 1976, the first workers' cell of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) carried out a leafleting campaign in different districts of the capital. This action was framed in the context of the XIII Convention of the Regional Committee "June 14" held in Lima, where it …
In May 1976 the XIII Convention of the Regional Committee '14 June' of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso was held in Lima. At this meeting it was agreed that the Popular Women's Movement and the Revolutionary Students' Front (FER), as well as the first workers' cell of the Workers' Self-Education Center, would …
Nilda Atanasio, a former student of Abimael Guzmán, played a significant role in the ideological penetration and consolidation of the PCP-SL at the National University of Education (UNE) in Lima during the 1970s. Her activities included forming study circles and engaging in open proselytism for the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) …
In May 1977, the Comité de Coordinación y Lucha Barrial (Neighborhood Coordination and Struggle Committee) was formed in Lima, an organization that articulated the workers' and neighborhood movement in the context of the mobilizations against the military government. This committee emerged after the government decreed a State of Emergency in …
The National Strike of July 19, 1977 demonstrated the unity between the labor and neighborhood movements in Metropolitan Lima. It is estimated that 43% of the slum dwellers were workers, which facilitated an intense but spontaneous participation of the slum dwellers. This strike was called by the 'Comité de Coordinación …
The strike of May 22 and 23, 1978 demonstrated the strength and importance of the neighborhood movement in Lima, with a much more organized participation than in the previous strike of 1977. The northern, southern and eastern zones of Lima became battlefields during these two days. This mobilization crystallized the …
Social mobilizations against the increase in fuel and fares continue. In the Constituent Assembly, both the PAP and the PPC blame political agitators for promoting such disturbances. Police repression causes the death of three high school students in Lima and Ayacucho during protests against price increases.
In 1980, Peru introduced universal municipal elections, allowing local governments to be elected by popular vote. This significant political change enabled the left-wing parties to gain control in many districts of Lima, particularly in the northern, southern, and eastern areas. The elections marked a shift in political dynamics, as the …
In 1980, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) systematically deployed its members across various communities and institutions in the northern highlands of Lima, particularly in the province of Cajatambo. This expansion involved recruiting militants from universities and strategically placing them in key positions within educational and cultural institutions. The PCP-SL's efforts to …
The burning of the municipality of San Martin de Porres was one of the first acts of violence of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in Lima, occurring almost parallel to the founding attack in Chuschi, Ayacucho, which marked the beginning of the armed struggle. This act was part of the initial conception …
The attack in Chuschi in 1980 marked the beginning of the actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. According to the CVR report, almost parallel to the attack in Chuschi, in Lima there was a fire in the municipality of San Martin de Porres, while a series of symbolic and intimidating acts …
In 1980, one of the first subversive actions in the northern cone of Lima was the burning of the San Martín de Porres municipal building. This area, with a significant presence of the MRTA, became a zone of popular expansion and subversive activity. The incident marked the beginning of a …
Juan Coaccza Chifana, leader of the Federation of Municipal Workers of Peru, died in May 1980 in Lima. According to complaints filed with the ILO (International Labor Organization), the alleged perpetrator of his death was the Civil Guard. This case is one of the violations of freedom of association documented …
In May 1980, presidential elections were held in Peru, marking the return to democracy after the military regime (1968-1980). On the eve of these elections, the PCP-SL broke into Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, assaulting the electoral registry office, an event that was barely mentioned by the Ayacucho and national press. The …
On the eve of the presidential elections of May 1980, the PCP-SL broke into Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, attacking the electoral registry office. This event marked the symbolic beginning of the internal war unleashed by the Shining Path. The action culminated with the capture of four suspects. The event was barely …
Two weeks after the attack in Chuschi that marked the beginning of the armed struggle of the PCP-SL, a meeting of the Enlarged Political Bureau was held in Lima. The objective of this meeting was to take stock of the actions carried out since the beginning of the war and …
On June 13, 1980, a group of approximately 60 young individuals associated with the MOTC (Movimiento de Obreros y Trabajadores Clasistas) launched molotov cocktails at the San Martín de Porres Municipality. This event is believed to mark the beginning of armed actions by the PCP-SL in Lima, operating under the …
Militants of the Workers and Classist Workers Movement (MOTC), an organization of the Shining Path, threw explosive devices known as Molotov cocktails against the district municipal headquarters of San Martin de Porres in Lima. This attack was part of the first armed actions of the PCP-SL in the capital of …
On June 13, a mob of demonstrators threw Molotov cocktails at the premises of the municipality of San Martin de Porres. Flyers of the so-called Movimiento de Obreros y Trabajadores Clasistas were found. This attack was one of the first acts of political violence in Lima during the beginning of …
The internal armed conflict began in Metropolitan Lima on June 13, 1980, when approximately 60 youths from the MOTC (Movimiento de Obreros y Trabajadores Clasistas) threw Molotov cocktails at the Municipality of San Martin de Porres. This period is characterized by sabotage and attacks against state institutions, including ministries and …
The Department of Ucayali was officially created on June 18, 1980, through the promulgation of Decree Law 23099. This event marked a significant milestone in addressing the regional demands for autonomy and development, allowing for increased public investment and attention to local needs. The creation of the department was a …
On December 13, 1980, alleged subversives dynamited a high tension tower of the interconnection line of the Mantaro Hydroelectric Power Plant in the district of Chambará, province of Concepción. This attack was part of the first subversive actions of the PCP-SL in the city of Huancayo and the Mantaro valley. …
On December 26, 1980, several dogs dawned hanging from electric lighting poles in downtown Lima. The dogs carried signs with the inscription 'Teng Siao Ping', in reference to the Chinese leader. This symbolic act was part of the first propaganda actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Peruvian capital. The …
In 1981, the MIR-VR significantly influenced the political landscape in San Martín, Peru, by winning the leadership of the SUTE-SM during its regional congress in Sauce. The victory was led by Lucas Cachay Huamán and marked a pivotal moment for the MIR-VR, as it expanded its influence across various cities …
In the 1981 municipal elections in Peru, the leftist coalition Izquierda Unida (IU) achieved significant electoral success, securing 23.3% of the national vote and 28.3% in Lima. This marked the first time the left took control of major municipal governments, including the city of Arequipa and several other departmental capitals. …
During the IV Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the PCP-SL held in 1981, the creation of the popular committees as 'embryos of the new power' was planned. In this session it was decided to empower the Metropolitan Committee to act in the capital as a 'sounding board' for …
On January 5, 1981, the first assassination of a policeman by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso took place in Lima. Civil Guard Rigoberto Trigoso Daza was assassinated while guarding the house of the Minister of War. This event marked a turning point in political violence in the capital, being the first fatal …
In February 1981, approximately 20,000 residents of San Juan de Lurigancho, a district in Lima, Peru, participated in a large-scale protest demanding better living conditions, specifically addressing issues related to water and sewage. The protest was a response to the government's failure to implement a promised 'Plan of Emergency' for …
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