The rebellion of 1934 in Ayacucho and Huancavelica was part of a larger national insurrection attempt by the APRA party. Led by Arístides Guillén Valdivia, local rebels managed to take control of key government buildings in Huamanga, believing in a nationwide uprising. However, upon realizing they were abandoned by their …
The state colonization of Pichari in the 1960s and the road from Tambo to the port of San Francisco, opened in 1964, accelerated the process of occupation of the valley by Ayacucho peasant settlers whose properties are larger than those available to peasant families in the highlands. The San Francisco …
In 1961, a group of campesinos took over the Hacienda Pomacocha in Vilcashuamán, Ayacucho. This event was one of the significant points of regional unrest in Ayacucho, reflecting the broader political and social tensions in the area. It occurred in a context of increasing political activism and demands for social …
The road from Tambo to the port of San Francisco was opened in 1964, accelerating the process of occupation of the valley by peasant settlers from Ayacucho. This road infrastructure allowed the important fair of Tambo, which was the end of the road, to 'drop off' towards the jungle as …
The Ayacucho-Tambo-San Francisco highway was built in 1964, modifying the traditional transit routes in the region. Before its construction, Uchuraccay was an important transit route used by the villagers on their way to the Huanta valleys and the Apurímac jungle. This infrastructure project was part of the road integration process …
The first important event that affected the Apurímac River Valley was the 1965 guerrilla war, led by a group of the ELN headed by Héctor Béjar. This guerrilla definitely disrupted the existing order in the province of La Mar. The process of land appropriation accelerated later with the application of …
In 1965, a group of the National Liberation Army (ELN) led by Héctor Béjar led a guerrilla war in the district of Chungui, Ayacucho. This event influenced local youth, especially among the children of former hacienda feudatories, and connected with the image that the Communist Party of Peru - Shining …
In September 1965, the National Liberation Army (ELN) initiated actions in the province of La Mar, in Ayacucho. This was a new insurrectional attempt by the ELN, following previous guerrilla attempts in 1961-1963. The ELN guerrilla movement in this area was part of the second wave of guerrilla actions in …
In 1966 the central government tried to cut the budget of the UNSCH. This fact generated the rejection not only of the university community but also of the Ayacucho people as a whole. Rector Efrain Morote considered it necessary for the people of Ayacucho to defend their University, obtaining the …
In 1966, the rector of the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH), Efraín Morote Best, called upon the local civil society to form a 'Frente pro-rentas para la UNSCH' in response to the central government's attempt to cut the university's budget. This movement saw participation from various community …
In 1967, the APRA, allied with the oligarchic sectors and the Huamanga clergy, decided to create the Catholic University of Ayacucho, which would later take the name of Universidad Particular de Ayacucho Victor Andres Belaunde (UPA). With the support of Luis Alberto Sanchez, rector of San Marcos, the UPA received …
In 1967, the Colegio Nacional Los Andes was established in Huancasancos, Ayacucho, to provide secondary education to local youth who previously had to travel to Huancapi or Huamanga. The school gained a strong reputation for its quality of education, attracting students from various communities, including those from economically disadvantaged areas. …
In 1968, in the midst of a deep political crisis, a military coup took place and General Juan Velasco Alvarado assumed the presidency and promoted various social reforms between 1968 and 1975. These reforms ended up liquidating the oligarchic regime in crisis. In the case of Ayacucho, they seriously affected …
In 1968, Peru experienced a military coup that resulted in General Juan Velasco Alvarado assuming the presidency. This event marked the beginning of a series of social reforms aimed at dismantling the oligarchic regime and significantly impacting local powers, particularly in Ayacucho. The reforms were seen by many on the …
In 1969, significant student mobilizations occurred in Ayacucho, Peru, in response to a government decree threatening the free secondary education. These protests were part of a broader movement for educational rights and were influenced by the Frente de Defensa del Pueblo, which had connections to future members of the PCP-SL. …
In 1969, the movement advocating for free education in Ayacucho and Huanta faced significant repression from the government. This weakened the Frente de Defensa and associated neighborhood organizations. Despite this, the movement found refuge within the University of Huamanga, where it continued to survive and influence the political landscape throughout …
In 1969, student movements in Huanta and Ayacucho were led by secondary school students influenced by politically active university groups. These movements were primarily focused on defending free education, which was perceived to be under threat by the government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado. This period marked a significant instance …
In 1969, student movements in Huanta and Ayacucho were centered around the defense of free education. Marcos, a student from Pujas studying Education at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga, participated in these movements and later joined the FER and PCP-SL. The political influence of these movements extended …
In June 1969, the Peruvian military government promulgated decree 006, which reduced the coverage of free education. This led to significant social mobilization, particularly in Ayacucho and Huanta, where the movement became violent with the involvement of peasants. The government's harsh repression and imprisonment of protest leaders ultimately failed to …
The events of Huanta in June 1969 were the litmus test that convinced the Red Flag sector led by Guzmán to initiate their own path towards what they called the reconstitution of the Communist Party. The Huanta struggle marks a turning point in the regional history of Ayacucho and the …
In June 1969, the Military Government issued decree 006, which cut the coverage of free education. This measure generated an important social mobilization of rejection in which the presence of the Association of Small Landowners and organizations linked to the Red Flag party stood out. In Ayacucho the struggle was …
The division of the PCP-Red Flag would also produce the division of the FER between the so-called FER of the Mountains, initially linked to the PCP-Red Flag, and the FER for the Shining Path of Mariátegui, formed by the followers of Guzmán and by whose slogan the newly created party …
In 1970, following internal conflicts within the PCP-Bandera Roja, Abimael Guzmán established the PCP-Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) in Ayacucho, Peru. This new faction emerged from the CR 'José Carlos Mariátegui' and was influenced by Guzmán's ideological vision. The split was marked by Guzmán's isolation from the main party, leading to …
On 14 November 1972, the Comité Regional '14 de Junio' was formed as part of the Shining Path's efforts to establish 'generated organisms' among workers in various production sectors. This marked a significant step in expanding the organization's influence beyond Ayacucho, with small groups of militants also present in Lima …
In 1973, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) focused on spreading its ideology through the Peruvian education system. The group exerted influence over the Federation of University Students at the University of Huamanga and participated in a teachers' strike in Ayacucho. This period marked the expansion of PCP-SL as a 'pedagogical project,' …
In 1977, the University Particular of Ayacucho (UPA) was dissolved and its faculties were integrated into the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH). This integration increased the student population of UNSCH by over two thousand, reaching a total of 7,610 students. The event had political significance as UPA …
During the government of General Morales Bermúdez, Peru experienced significant political activity from leftist groups, despite their fragmentation. The elections of 1978 saw the formation of alliances like the Unidad Democrático Popular (UDP) as leftist groups sought to unify and participate in the electoral process. Despite a boycott from Maoist …
Social mobilizations against the increase in fuel and fares continue. In the Constituent Assembly, both the PAP and the PPC blame political agitators for promoting such disturbances. Police repression causes the death of three high school students in Lima and Ayacucho during protests against price increases.
In 1979, the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) was formed in an attempt to stop the abuses of large traders in the area. This organization would become one of the largest and most important social organizations in the entire department of Ayacucho, with more than one hundred …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Ayacucho was the most affected by the internal armed conflict. A total of 6,549 Quechua-speaking people were reported killed and disappeared in this department. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 3,752 victims, State agents for 2,316, CADS for 170, MRTA for 3, …
By the last months of 1980, the PCP-SL had already made contact with some mining settlements in Huancavelica, specifically those located near the department of Ayacucho. The mining centers contacted were Cobriza, Julcani and La Mejorada, located in the provinces of Churcampa and Angaraes respectively. This contact was relatively early …
In late 1980, militants of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began infiltrating the rural areas of Pasco, including the city of Cerro de Pasco. These militants, reportedly of Ayacuchan origin, aimed to establish support bases by engaging with local populations and promoting their ideology of 'people's …
Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) emerged as an unexpected adversary in Peru, initiating its conflict in Ayacucho in 1980. The group, led by Abimael Guzmán, capitalized on the weak state presence in rural areas and the lack of preparedness of local police forces. Despite the government's initial reluctance to involve the …
In 1980, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) began establishing a network of party and support structures in the northern provinces of Ayacucho, Peru. This region, characterized by extreme poverty and limited opportunities, saw the Shining Path leveraging educational institutions to recruit and mobilize members. The movement's growth was marked by the …
The burning of the municipality of San Martin de Porres was one of the first acts of violence of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in Lima, occurring almost parallel to the founding attack in Chuschi, Ayacucho, which marked the beginning of the armed struggle. This act was part of the initial conception …
In 1980, subversive teachers began indoctrinating students in the Oronqoy high school. This school had been created in 1978 by directorial resolution as a mixed state school No. 38692 under the name of Neri Garcia Zarate. The subversive teachers indoctrinated students from the 19 communities of Oreja de Perro. This …
The declarant narrates that when she was gathering firewood she was chased by a subversive who subsequently raped her. The subversive told her: 'if you are not going to accept me, I am going to kill you'. The victim screamed for help but no one came to her aid.
Between census periods, the economically active population (EAP) in Ayacucho decreased from 154,000 to 131,000 people, and in Huancavelica from 107,000 to 104,000. This decrease was mainly due to the impact of the internal armed conflict in these regions, which were the most affected by violence. The reduction of the …
The Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos was formed as a result of organized efforts by local and regional human rights groups in Peru. Supported by Christian communities and the Church, this organization played a crucial role in defending human rights across the country. Despite opposition from figures like the Archbishop …
In April 1980, the Central Committee of the PCP-SL held the first Military School in Jicamarca, Chaclacayo. This school was personally directed by Abimael Guzmán, maximum leader of the PCP-SL. The main objective of this military school was to develop the militarization of the party and to prepare for the …
The general elections of May 1980 marked the return to democracy in Peru after the military government. Acción Popular (AP) obtained a clear victory, surpassing by far the required 36%. In the Andean South, AP won a majority in the departments of Apurimac, Cuzco and Madre de Dios, except in …
In May 1980, presidential elections were held in Peru, marking the return to democracy after the military regime (1968-1980). On the eve of these elections, the PCP-SL broke into Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, assaulting the electoral registry office, an event that was barely mentioned by the Ayacucho and national press. The …
On the eve of the presidential elections of May 1980, the PCP-SL broke into Chuschi, Cangallo, Ayacucho, attacking the electoral registry office. This event marked the symbolic beginning of the internal war unleashed by the Shining Path. The action culminated with the capture of four suspects. The event was barely …
In May 1980, during the organization of presidential elections in Peru, the armed group PCP-SL burned electoral urns and registers in the village of Chuschi. This act marked the beginning of a series of violent actions that would soon alert the entire country. The involvement of prominent PCP-SL leaders in …
In May 1980, the burning of ballot boxes by Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) in Chuschi marked the beginning of a period of intense political violence in Ayacucho, Peru. This violence soon spread to neighboring regions such as Apurímac and Huancavelica. The response from the state included harsh counterinsurgency measures by …
The Shining Path carried out its first public action by burning ballot boxes in Chuschi, Ayacucho, on the day of the general elections. This act marked the official beginning of the internal armed conflict. The media initially played down the importance of these events, moving them from the front pages …
The Shining Path PCP started the internal armed conflict in Peru on May 17, 1980, when electoral amphorae were burned in Chuschi, Ayacucho. This act marked the beginning of two decades of violence that devastated the country. The subversive group sought to destroy the Peruvian state in order to build …
On May 17, 1980, in Chuschi, Ayacucho, a group of five masked individuals attacked a location storing ballot boxes and registers for the upcoming national elections, burning eleven of them. This event, though initially receiving little media attention, was symbolically significant as it marked the beginning of the Shining Path's …
On 17 May 1980, in Chuschi, Ayacucho, a group of armed militants from Sendero Luminoso initiated their political and military plans by burning election materials. This marked the beginning of a series of violent actions aimed at involving the masses and gaining experience for their cadres. Subsequent attacks included dynamiting …
On May 17, 1980, the Shining Path (PCP SL) initiated its 'people's war' against the Peruvian state with a series of explosive attacks on public facilities, focusing heavily on Ayacucho. These early actions included the burning of ballot boxes in Chuschi and incendiary bomb attacks in San Martín de Porres. …
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