On August 1, 1981, multiple simultaneous bombings took place in different parts of Lima. The targets included 4 premises of Acción Popular (AP), 3 of them located in San Martin and Barrios Altos, as well as 3 Peace Courts and the ESAL Office in Villa el Salvador. These attacks were …
The human settlement José Carlos Mariátegui was established following a land occupation on 14 October 1984 by 200 families from overcrowded alleys in Barrios Altos and Callao. These families, facing rising rents, organized to secure their own land. The state agency ENACE approved the lot division and began settling the …
The José Carlos Mariátegui Human Settlement arose as a result of a land seizure carried out on October 14, 1984, by a group of 200 families from the shantytowns of Barrios Altos and Callao. The families, faced with rising rents, organized themselves and decided to have their own land in …
AH José Carlos Mariátegui arose as a result of a land seizure carried out on October 14, 1984, by a group of 200 families from the shantytowns of Barrios Altos and Callao. The families, faced with rising rents, organized themselves and decided to have their own land in this area. …
On June 3, 1989, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out a bomb attack against soldiers of the "Húsares de Junín" regiment in the district of Barrios Altos, Lima. The attack resulted in the death of seven soldiers. This attack took place in a context of intensification of subversive actions in the …
Seven soldiers of the Húsares de Junín regiment were killed after a bomb attack in Barrios Altos, Lima. As a result of the intense police and Peruvian Army actions, more than fifteen thousand people were arrested during the gigantic operation. This attack took place in a context of intensified political …
On June 16, 1989, 1,000 Peruvian Army soldiers raided the human settlement of Huaycán. During the military operation, the armed forces detained more than 800 people, identified as undocumented and suspected of committing terrorist acts. This action took place in the context of intense police and military operations that were …
In 1991, the Barrios Altos Massacre shocked Peru as it marked the first mass killing of civilians in the capital amidst escalating political violence in urban centers. The massacre led to a Senate Human Rights Commission hearing on November 10, 1991, where former Interior and Defense Ministers were questioned but …
Dr. Antonia Saquicuray heard the Barrios Altos case and supported the unconstitutionality of the Amnesty Law. This case was one of the few in which the impunity established by the amnesty laws was challenged. The Barrios Altos massacre was perpetrated by the death squad called 'Colina'. The case demonstrated that …
In April 1991, three agents from the National Intelligence Service (SIN) were detained by the National Police near Plaza Italia in Barrios Altos, Lima. This incident led to a Senate motion expressing dissatisfaction with the information provided by the ministers of Interior and Defense. The ministers were called to provide …
On June 1, 1991, several individuals were detained in Barrios Altos, Lima, Peru, under accusations of terrorism. This event was linked to the activities of a paramilitary death squad known as the 'Destacamento Colina,' which was reportedly connected to state intelligence services. Investigations into these activities were met with resistance …
In August 1991, Santiago Martin Rivas and Carlos Pichilingüe Guevara developed the Plan Cipango, ostensibly to guide the Army Intelligence's operations against subversive elements. However, it is believed to have served as a cover for the activities of the Grupo Colina death squad. The plan's operational areas coincided with locations …
On November 3, 1991, the Colina detachment executed fifteen people in Barrios Altos, Lima. The operation was carried out by heavily armed Peruvian army personnel wearing ski masks. The victims were executed indiscriminately with firearms with silencers, regardless of sex or age. The indiscriminate fire killed 11 adult males, 3 …
On November 3, 1991, the Colina Group murdered 16 people who were participating in a pollada in Barrios Altos, leaving four others seriously wounded. This was the first event for which the Colina Group became known to the public. The Colina Group was a death squad that operated as part …
On November 10, 1991, the Senate Human Rights Commission summoned former Ministers of the Interior and Defense, Generals Juan Briones Davila and Victor Malca Villanueva, to report on the Barrios Altos massacre. The ministers presented three hypotheses about the perpetrators (Shining Path, MRTA or outside organizations) but categorically denied the …
On November 15, 1991, the Ministers of the Interior and Defense appeared again before the Senate Committee. General Briones Davila denied the existence of the 'Ambulant Operations Plan' and the 'Lima Sheraton Surveillance Post', based on documents from DIRCOTE and the General Staff of the Armed Forces. In view of …
In December 1991, the Peruvian Episcopal Conference published a significant document entitled 'Peace on Earth' in response to the Barrios Altos massacre. The document condemned the violence in Peru, highlighting the impact on poor communities and criticizing both terrorist groups and certain members of the security forces for human rights …
The Barrios Altos and La Cantuta massacres were carried out by the Colina Group, a death squad within the Peruvian Army, under the influence of Vladimiro Montesinos, the presidential advisor to then-President Alberto Fujimori. These operations were coordinated with high-ranking military officials and involved the use of resources from the …
On April 5, 1992, President Alberto Fujimori, with the support of the Armed Forces and the police, dissolved the Congress of the Republic, intervened in the Judicial Power and installed an unconstitutional regime known as the 'Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction'. When the military coup perpetrators closed the Congress, …
The Barrios Altos massacre involved the killing of several individuals in a district of Lima, Peru, and was linked to anti-terrorism operations by state forces. Following the massacre, a commission was formed by the Senate to investigate the incident. However, the investigation was halted when President Alberto Fujimori dissolved the …
The Barrios Altos massacre and La Cantuta case involve the extrajudicial killing of nine students and a professor from the Universidad Nacional de Educación 'Enrique Guzmán y Valle' in July 1992. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled against the Peruvian state for these human rights violations. Despite the court's …
The Colina Group carried out the kidnapping and disappearance of a professor and nine students from La Cantuta in July 1992. This event occurred in the context of the military polarization that followed the coup d'état of April 5, 1992 and was part of the selective assassinations carried out by …
On 5 May 1993, General Rodolfo Robles Espinoza publicly denounced that the Barrios Altos massacre and the disappearances at the Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle 'La Cantuta' were perpetrated by a criminal structure within the Peruvian state. This structure was reportedly under the control of General Nicolás …
On May 6, 1993, General EP Rodolfo Robles Espinoza made public a letter accusing Army commanders of maintaining an operational command responsible for the Barrios Altos massacre and other crimes. This allegation backed up Congressman Henry Pease Garcia's earlier revelations about the existence of a DINTE Special Operations Team. The …
On May 6, 1993, General EP (r) Rodolfo Robles Espinoza, third in line in the Peruvian Army, in a public letter accused Army commanders and intelligence advisor Vladimiro Montesinos Torres of maintaining an operational command responsible for crimes against humanity, among them those of Barrios Altos and La Cantuta. In …
In 1994, the government of Alberto Fujimori was compelled to prosecute and convict those responsible for the 'La Cantuta' crime, although the process was deemed unconstitutional due to the involvement of the military court. Despite evidence linking the convicted individuals to the 'Barrios Altos' massacre, the military court irregularly took …
On October 21, 1994, the War Chamber of the Supreme Council of Military Justice closed the Barrios Altos case against Generals Pedro Villanueva Valdivia, Nicolás de Bari Hermoza Ríos, Juan Nolberto Rivera Lazo and Vladimiro Montesinos Torres, without further investigation. The decision was confirmed on October 28, 1994 by the …
In 1995, the Peruvian government passed the controversial Law Nº 26479, granting amnesty to military personnel involved in human rights violations, including the Barrios Altos massacre where fifteen people were executed extrajudicially. This law was challenged for its constitutionality, particularly concerning the Barrios Altos case, but the Congress responded by …
The Cenepa War was a brief military conflict between Peru and Ecuador in early 1995, centered around the disputed border area of Tiwinza. The conflict had significant political implications in Peru, influencing the presidential elections and bolstering the popularity of President Alberto Fujimori. The aftermath saw Fujimori's government passing a …
In April 1995, a criminal complaint was filed by Prosecutor Ana Magallanes against five army members for extrajudicial executions in Barrios Altos. The case was initially opened by Judge Antonia Saquicuray, but a jurisdictional dispute arose. The case was ultimately closed when the Amnesty Law (26479) was enacted on June …
Criminal Prosecutor Ana Magallanes filed a criminal complaint and the Sixteenth Criminal Court of Lima, headed by Judge Antonia Saquicuray, opened an investigation against General Julio Salazar Monroe, Major Santiago Martin Rivas, and non-commissioned officers Wilson Carvajal García, Juan Sosa Saavedra and Hugo Coral Goycochea for the extrajudicial executions in …
On April 18, 1995, the judge of the 16th Criminal Court of Lima, Dr. Antonia Saquicuray, admitted the denunciation of the Provincial Prosecutor and opened an investigation against General EP Julio Salazar Monroe and others accused for the crimes of murder and injuries in the Barrios Altos massacre. The judge …
The Barrios Altos massacre involved the killing of civilians by paramilitary forces, with evidence linking the vehicles used to official government entities. On April 28, 1995, the Supreme Council of Military Justice claimed jurisdiction over the case, leading to a legal dispute with the Supreme Court. Subsequently, on June 14, …
The amnesty bill was presented without prior notice by pro-government congressmen on the night of June 13 and approved in the early hours of June 14 with 47 votes in favor and 11 against. The General Amnesty Law (26479) benefited those sentenced for human rights violations during the fight against …
In a controversial move, the Peruvian Congress approved the General Amnesty Law (Law 26479) on June 14, 1995. This law granted amnesty to individuals convicted of human rights violations during the fight against terrorism, as well as those involved in the attempted coup of November 13, 1992. The approval came …
President Fujimori promulgated Law 26479, known as the General Amnesty Law, which had been approved by Congress the day before. This law granted general amnesty to military, police or civilian personnel denounced, investigated, prosecuted, tried or condemned for common and military crimes derived from the fight against terrorism from May …
On June 15, 1995, Congress approved Law No. 26479 granting general amnesty to military personnel. This law expressly established that the facts or crimes covered by it, as well as the definitive acquittals and acquittals, would not be subject to investigation, and all judicial cases in process or in execution …
After initiating the judicial process against members of the Colina Group for the Barrios Altos massacre, the military court filed a jurisdictional dispute. However, before this was resolved, Law 26479 was passed, which granted amnesty to the accused and led to the case being shelved. This law prevented the investigation …
On 15 June 1995, the Peruvian Congress passed an amnesty law granting general amnesty to military, police, and civilian personnel involved in crimes during the internal conflict. This law was passed with 47 votes in favor and 11 against, and it aimed to prevent investigations into cases involving military and …
The Barrios Altos massacre involved the extrajudicial execution of fifteen people and the injury of four others. In 1995, Judge Antonia Saquicuray declared the Amnesty Law No. 26479 inapplicable to the Barrios Altos case, arguing that crimes against humanity cannot be subject to amnesty. This decision was supported by Senior …
On June 16, 1995, the head judge of the 16th Criminal Court of Lima issued a resolution declaring Amnesty Law No. 26479, which had been approved the day before, inapplicable to the Barrios Altos case. This decision questioned the constitutionality of the amnesty law, but Congress reacted immediately by approving …
On June 16, 1995, Judge Antonia Saquicuray of the 16th Criminal Court of Lima issued a decision declaring Article 1 of Law 26479 inapplicable to the Barrios Altos criminal trial, exercising the diffuse control authorized by the Constitution. The judge held that a crime against humanity could not be subject …
By means of official letter N° 14-CI-CSJM, the War Council decided to declare that the request of the Judge of the 16th Criminal Court of Lima, who had asked that four members of the Colina Group prosecuted for the Barrios Altos massacre be placed at her court's disposition, had been …
On June 29, 1995, in reaction to Judge Saquicuray's decision, Congress passed Law 26492, known as the 'Barrios Altos Law', without public debate. This law 'interpreted' that the amnesty was of obligatory application by the Judicial Power and could not be reviewed in the courts, expressly prohibiting judges from exercising …
In July 1995, President Alberto Fujimori promulgated Law 26492, making the controversial Amnesty Law mandatory. This law nullified the judicial resolution by Judge Antonia Saquicuray Sánchez, which had previously declared the amnesty inapplicable to those involved in the Barrios Altos case. The Eleventh Criminal Chamber of the Superior Court ruled …
In July 1995, President Alberto Fujimori of Peru promulgated a controversial Amnesty Law (Law 26492) that mandated the application of amnesty to military personnel involved in human rights abuses, notably in the Barrios Altos case. This law was met with significant opposition from the judiciary, public protests, and international criticism, …
The Eleventh Criminal Chamber of the Superior Court of Lima declared null the resolution that had declared inapplicable the amnesty law 26479 in the Barrios Altos case, and consequently declared it applicable to the process followed against members of the Colina Group. The Court argued that the power to grant …
In 1995, the Peruvian government enacted laws that granted amnesty to individuals involved in human rights violations during the fight against terrorism. The 'Ley Barrios Altos' effectively halted judicial proceedings against those implicated in the Barrios Altos massacre, leading to the release of detainees. This controversial legislation was criticized for …
On July 14, 1995, magistrates of the 11th Criminal Chamber of the Superior Court of Lima, invoking self-amnesty laws 26479 and 26492, overturned Judge Saquicuray's decision and ordered the final dismissal of the Barrios Altos case. The Chamber ruled that the amnesty law was not antagonistic to the Constitution or …
On 25 October 2000, the Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos filed a criminal complaint against Vladimiro Montesinos Torres and other military officials for crimes against humanity, including forced disappearance and homicide, related to the 'Matanza de Barrios Altos' case. This was part of a broader investigation into human rights violations …
In 2001, the Peruvian judiciary reopened the investigation into the Barrios Altos massacre, following a ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The case involved high-profile figures such as Vladimiro Montesinos Torres and Nicolás de Bari Hermoza Ríos, who were accused of serious crimes including homicide and public disturbance. …
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled on the Barrios Altos massacre case, declaring the nullity of amnesty laws that shielded perpetrators from accountability. This landmark decision emphasized the inadmissibility of legal provisions that prevent the investigation and punishment of serious human rights violations, such as torture and forced disappearances.
On March 14, 2001, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled on the incompatibility of self-amnesty laws No. 26475 and No. 26492 in the Barrios Altos case. The Court qualified these laws as self-amnesty laws, stating that they lead to the defenselessness of the victims and the perpetuation of impunity, …
On March 14, 2001, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a judgment in the Barrios Altos case, declaring that amnesty laws 26479 and 26492 are incompatible with the American Convention on Human Rights and have no legal effect. The Peruvian State recognized its international responsibility for violation of the …
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that amnesty laws, which aim to provide impunity for international crimes and serious human rights violations, are incompatible with the American Convention on Human Rights. This ruling, specifically in the Barrios Altos case, declared such laws to have no legal effect, prompting Peruvian …
On April 7, 2001, the 5th Special Anticorruption Criminal Court issued an order extending the investigation against Vladimiro Lenin Montesinos Torres, General Nicolás de Bari Hermoza Ríos and thirteen other people for the crimes of aggravated homicide, serious injuries and illicit grouping in the Barrios Altos case. An arrest warrant …
On June 4, 2001, the Supreme Council of Military Justice declared null and void the resolutions of dismissal issued by the War Chamber on October 21, 1994 and July 6, 1995, which had favored Generals Nicolás Hermoza Ríos, Pedro Villanueva Valdivia, Juan Rivera Lazo, Julio Salazar Monroe, Captain Vladimiro Montesinos …
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an interpretive judgment on the Barrios Altos case, clarifying central aspects of its previous merits judgment of March 14, 2001. The Court unanimously decided that the judgment on the merits in the Barrios Altos case has general effects. This judgment established that amnesty …
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![[Excised] Says Army/SIN Death Squad Exists](https://sub-versiones-timeline-media.s3.amazonaws.com/library/thumbnails/6495_pdf_thumb.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIARV664T7RCMBMBBMS&Signature=PQ%2FC0qWc72YrRBFWDVwqqogCv8o%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEIT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJGMEQCICa4eWR4UN%2FpuydixW67vMVUqLrQYgB55VAMj0MDWHwZAiBp%2Bx5lwVhgTse1Qcv8sfrltz7jBiwqHmYn%2F32%2F%2B4uxFSq8BQhNEAEaDDExNTg5NDY4OTc2MiIMxmY6MnMFYU4CyxWeKpkF4aYeCcq6JYvpGuGdnHXfMSnH7Ma593IJY5dp0UnCSU6JgV62zEr52x8YfVSpM4LDc%2FEPCt4yl7%2F5Zuqg5PtcikUNOcZz9wCJww70%2Bhwr1U5URkx07fwAi6DhaMKzCSRcRuMHFyuf%2BzLmthai%2BvIAD26113oAmOfoHrIB2qAJASY5hHvQ5SMpoMWq5N8E696R0rCNMrWqSFXMMqUMV6At4em7vYBcnwJkYVog14hJFDVUacbSXm6AxIQ4AX1a5%2FRPUtu9H4zfhuiZD4cNs4KmXz2SNgTTwdk0Z9aH0NL2aLMHi9M3MVL7k9E9f7ZIFrJI%2BAXAzd0qABNNOz8392TNZGxc614GTHZxMLe4mUPss9QlxATgg%2BUCu2Cq%2F3x%2FqPrdRR9MqeJ7OG%2BtIJtlGy39n4unYojYKo1q0d2UHntwEY3Gjrs1XqpGPkXfnwZAIuCZ9ESQXoscIvKR3VIedk%2BZFcu1bEB4xP%2FhtU%2BCzaJolrpCRQrRBVEMzi%2BLVLySRVMC0cgQ8rxYE4dfJ6Ml81mP8Agfu44VJ24ARE4ofz6rQUIm2DzS%2FdTuEzGr8MWYU5rPl7MDvQEvxHcsb4jq1nQnaSY4Ds%2BJmDPNW5DsVys8P%2BEj3w9G%2Bn0xeuhGyL6ib8sJzuBEZ7KUooD3lOGxLRbGIy3KeWv%2Frd2UlYQDp9Ysq8%2FqjunGF98rSZq9O%2FXRDa5P1VNyJNDdOHcvn62akL%2BWaVAAuf8HUYBG%2BCy7boRLgAtYZ51t1k%2BEOyEYcVfpsvNixzMF04KsuXjgeRNi7oFGzjSYeDH5oSEAYCydmOrr9kYUdh9oN1BYg532T3KtBUU5f2JUgFGL2d3sudpsikRI095rW7YLbTspumF2HZo8D9xBYEjmAjWyQeowhO2D0QY6sgHoA0kCKq9KhkLMSJWnudkqndHbLYGWxE1hGY6a1jLSZ6ymKQ0rrzinHR3CzjJ68Du25SAaV5Q0Fe1Psdg5TYoEywIv6cK%2FjOI3ka6iFqLBNekLI677HqGNp7%2FqxfuoJcTqWd2t4lIKteGkodNs6SiRrR3ShIktW2lQfBS7MH3Yj5KPa7p6JPxLiN7mdzJJ7X3srgytK8Xs4G9DbbKuusDXmCKRBbRKs3fdiKft5tAZ0P62&Expires=1780566456)
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![[EXCISED] Says Army/SIN Death Squad Existed](https://sub-versiones-timeline-media.s3.amazonaws.com/library/thumbnails/6576_pdf_thumb.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIARV664T7RCMBMBBMS&Signature=sk0V2zoWwbDJvCLjww00IixMOYA%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEIT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJGMEQCICa4eWR4UN%2FpuydixW67vMVUqLrQYgB55VAMj0MDWHwZAiBp%2Bx5lwVhgTse1Qcv8sfrltz7jBiwqHmYn%2F32%2F%2B4uxFSq8BQhNEAEaDDExNTg5NDY4OTc2MiIMxmY6MnMFYU4CyxWeKpkF4aYeCcq6JYvpGuGdnHXfMSnH7Ma593IJY5dp0UnCSU6JgV62zEr52x8YfVSpM4LDc%2FEPCt4yl7%2F5Zuqg5PtcikUNOcZz9wCJww70%2Bhwr1U5URkx07fwAi6DhaMKzCSRcRuMHFyuf%2BzLmthai%2BvIAD26113oAmOfoHrIB2qAJASY5hHvQ5SMpoMWq5N8E696R0rCNMrWqSFXMMqUMV6At4em7vYBcnwJkYVog14hJFDVUacbSXm6AxIQ4AX1a5%2FRPUtu9H4zfhuiZD4cNs4KmXz2SNgTTwdk0Z9aH0NL2aLMHi9M3MVL7k9E9f7ZIFrJI%2BAXAzd0qABNNOz8392TNZGxc614GTHZxMLe4mUPss9QlxATgg%2BUCu2Cq%2F3x%2FqPrdRR9MqeJ7OG%2BtIJtlGy39n4unYojYKo1q0d2UHntwEY3Gjrs1XqpGPkXfnwZAIuCZ9ESQXoscIvKR3VIedk%2BZFcu1bEB4xP%2FhtU%2BCzaJolrpCRQrRBVEMzi%2BLVLySRVMC0cgQ8rxYE4dfJ6Ml81mP8Agfu44VJ24ARE4ofz6rQUIm2DzS%2FdTuEzGr8MWYU5rPl7MDvQEvxHcsb4jq1nQnaSY4Ds%2BJmDPNW5DsVys8P%2BEj3w9G%2Bn0xeuhGyL6ib8sJzuBEZ7KUooD3lOGxLRbGIy3KeWv%2Frd2UlYQDp9Ysq8%2FqjunGF98rSZq9O%2FXRDa5P1VNyJNDdOHcvn62akL%2BWaVAAuf8HUYBG%2BCy7boRLgAtYZ51t1k%2BEOyEYcVfpsvNixzMF04KsuXjgeRNi7oFGzjSYeDH5oSEAYCydmOrr9kYUdh9oN1BYg532T3KtBUU5f2JUgFGL2d3sudpsikRI095rW7YLbTspumF2HZo8D9xBYEjmAjWyQeowhO2D0QY6sgHoA0kCKq9KhkLMSJWnudkqndHbLYGWxE1hGY6a1jLSZ6ymKQ0rrzinHR3CzjJ68Du25SAaV5Q0Fe1Psdg5TYoEywIv6cK%2FjOI3ka6iFqLBNekLI677HqGNp7%2FqxfuoJcTqWd2t4lIKteGkodNs6SiRrR3ShIktW2lQfBS7MH3Yj5KPa7p6JPxLiN7mdzJJ7X3srgytK8Xs4G9DbbKuusDXmCKRBbRKs3fdiKft5tAZ0P62&Expires=1780566456)
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