The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged with the intention of becoming an armed wing of popular organizations in Peru. Despite its initial goals, the MRTA faced economic difficulties and resorted to tactics like kidnappings, which were against international humanitarian law. Their activities, including confrontations with the PCP-SL and internal …
The internal armed conflict that Peru experienced between 1980 and 2000 is the most serious in the country's republican history. It left very deep scars on all levels of national life. The extent and intensity of the conflict accentuated the serious national imbalances, destroyed the democratic order, exacerbated poverty and …
During the period 1980-2000, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) recorded a total of 11,376 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 6,788 victims, State Agents for 3,491, the Self-Defense Committees (CADS) for 261, the MRTA for 71, and 765 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Ayacucho was the most affected by the internal armed conflict. A total of 6,549 Quechua-speaking people were reported killed and disappeared in this department. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 3,752 victims, State agents for 2,316, CADS for 170, MRTA for 3, …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Junín registered 984 Quechua-speaking and 807 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 666 victims, the State Agents for 128, the CADS for 60, the MRTA for 50, and 80 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking …
In 1980, a group of militants from the MIR and PSR-ML, under the generic name 'La ORGA', prepared for the takeover of the central premises of a university in Huancayo. This action aimed to expel the 'corrupt clique' governing the institution. The event was part of a broader strategy by …
In 1980, the Peruvian government initiated the 'Paraíso Terrenal' colonization plan, leading to the migration of various groups into the Apurímac forest. This period saw increased conflict in the central jungle region, with the presence of insurgent groups such as the MRTA and PCP-SL. The local communities, including native Asháninkas …
During the period 1980-2000, the CVR recorded a total of 3,593 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,734 victims, State Agents for 1,181, CADS for 49, MRTA for 190, and 439 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Spanish-speaking victims accounted …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huancavelica registered 1,166 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 748 victims, State Agents for 317, CADS for 16, MRTA for 1, and 84 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huánuco registered 905 Quechua-speaking and 1,123 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 559 victims, State agents for 257, and 89 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, Shining Path …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of San Martin registered 84 Quechua-speaking and 620 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 43 victims, State agents for 28, the MRTA for 3, and 10 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, the Shining Path …
In 1980, one of the first subversive actions in the northern cone of Lima was the burning of the San Martín de Porres municipal building. This area, with a significant presence of the MRTA, became a zone of popular expansion and subversive activity. The incident marked the beginning of a …
The internal armed conflict in Peru began in May 1980, marked by significant human rights violations. The conflict involved subversive groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA, as well as state agents, leading to arbitrary executions and massacres. Despite international human rights treaties in place, such as the International Covenant on …
In March 1981, Decree Law No. 046 was enacted, which typified the crime of terrorism and established penalties against those who incurred in it. This was one of the first legislative measures of the Peruvian State to confront the beginning of subversive actions. However, according to the CVR report, it …
Between 1982 and 1984, MIR-VR area managers had the mission to travel throughout their area in order to prepare maps for population and housing censuses. This task included locating villages, roads, paths, trails, trails, native ethnic groups, bridges, streams, among other geographic and demographic elements. The people leaving the political-military …
No more than a dozen leaders of the PSR ML - MIR EM met in a Central Committee and after an assessment of the international and national situation came to the conclusion that the conditions were ripe for the resumption of revolutionary violence. It was agreed that the organization would …
The PCP-SL carried out the assault on the Huamanga prison in the department of Ayacucho. This action was very well planned and had a great impact. It was decisive for the MRTA's entry into the armed struggle, according to Peter Cárdenes Schulte. The attack demonstrated the operational capacity of the …
Five MRTA subversives, including Víctor Polay Campos and Jorge Talledo Feria, robbed a bank in the district of La Victoria. When two of the subversives tried to immobilize the policeman guarding the bank, he fired his submachine gun. One of the bullets ricocheted on the floor and mortally wounded Talledo …
On May 31, the MRTA carried out its first seizure in the agency of the Banco de Credito de La Victoria with the purpose of obtaining money to finance its future activities. It obtained 10 million soles, but one of its members, Jorge Talledo Feria, a psychology graduate from the …
Teófilo Pacheco Quispe, a member of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru), died on August 9, 1982 in a confrontation with the police in the district of Surquillo, Lima. This event occurred in the context of a growing wave of political violence in the country, during the month in which …
In 1983, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began operations in the Selva Central region, primarily as a result of military repression in Ayacucho. The region was strategically important due to its geographic and geopolitical significance, including its role in the coca trade. The PCP-SL, along with …
During the government of Fernando Belaunde Terry, there was a significant increase in violence, reaching its peak in 1983. The control of the counter-subversive efforts was transferred to the Armed Forces, leading to indiscriminate repression. This period was marked by violence affecting the educational sector, with teachers and students being …
In 1983, the Universidad del Centro became a battleground for various political factions, including the PCP-SL, MRTA, paramilitaries, and government forces. The university was caught in a violent conflict that resulted in numerous deaths and disappearances of students and faculty. The political repression in Ayacucho, exacerbated by the military's presence, …
In 1983, 1,344 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 663 victims, State Agents for 593, CADS for 17, MRTA for 2, and 69 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This year represents a dramatic escalation in the violence of the conflict.
In July 1983, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out an explosive attack against the premises of the Student Federation of the San Antonio Abad del Cuzco National University. This attack was part of the Shining Path's initial strategy to establish a presence in the university in Cuzco. The attack took place …
Municipal elections were held throughout the country, and the IU candidate, Alfonso Barrantes Lingán, won the mayoralty of Lima. His victory provoked a series of expectations among his voters, especially in the popular sectors, and among the ranks of the political parties and organizations that make up the IU. For …
The MRTA attacked the home of U.S. Marines in Lima with explosives as a protest against the U.S. invasion of Grenada. This was one of the first armed actions against what they considered to be the objectives of U.S. imperialism.
On 16 November 1983, the MRTA carried out an attack using explosives on the house of U.S. Marines in Lima. This action was a protest against the U.S. invasion of Grenada. The attack was part of a series of military actions by the MRTA, which also included the development of …
On November 16, 1983, an MRTA commando placed a bomb in a house in the Lima district of San Borja, where North American marines were staying. This attack was part of the MRTA's initial actions in Lima that year. The event occurred in the context of increasing activity by subversive …
The Congress of the Republic approved the General Budget of the Republic for the following year. This approval took place in a complex political and economic context, marked by the terrorist violence of the PCP-SL and the MRTA, as well as by a serious economic crisis. The Minister of Economy …
In January 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) was founded and the agreements of its First Central Committee were reached. On January 22, the first action claimed by the MRTA took place: opening fire on a police station in Villa El Salvador (VES) after the murder of a resident …
The I Central Committee of the MRTA was held in Lima. Its analysis of the national political situation concluded that the country was going through a deep political, economic and social crisis provoked by the growing subversive activity of the PCP-SL and the counterinsurgent response. The subversive leadership agreed on …
In 1984, 2,354 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported, the year with the highest number of victims of the conflict. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,222 victims, State Agents for 964, CADS for 73, MRTA for 1, and 94 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This …
In 1984, the MRTA and the MIR-VR formed an alliance to establish a Guerrilla Front in the department of San Martin, Peru. This front was commanded by a Regional Directorate in charge of developing the political and military struggle, organizing and making the local population aware of the armed struggle. …
In 1984, the MRTA criticized the PCP-SL for its dogmatism, sectarianism, and neglect of mass movements, marking a divergence in their revolutionary strategies. Despite these criticisms, the MRTA continued to view the PCP-SL as a 'force of the people' throughout much of the 1980s. The differences between the two groups …
In 1984, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged amidst a severe economic crisis and increasing violence from the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The MRTA sought to distinguish itself by promoting its armed struggle and recruiting political and military cadres, some of whom left university to join guerrilla fronts. The organization began …
In 1984, the MIR-VR (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria - Voz Rebelde), led by Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, arrived in Pucallpa with its Comandos Revolucionarios del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Commandos). This arrival took place in a context where the MIR-EM had already consolidated an important political work in the region since previous …
In 1984, there was already a nucleus of MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) militants in Huancayo. This group began to participate in debates and acts of protest carried out at the National University of Central Peru (UNCP) by students. The presence of the MRTA in the central region marked the …
In 1984, the MIR-EM in Ucayali began to prepare for war, having previously consolidated its political recruitment work with the formation of student cells in the Young Towns of the city of Pucallpa and created the Committees of Coordination and Neighborhood Struggle (CCOLUB). However, these plans were discouraged by the …
The MRTA formally initiated its armed actions, presenting itself as part of the Peruvian left and making explicit its differences with the PCP-SL through the use of uniforms, guerrilla camps and the claim of actions. This organization had been formed in 1982 from the union of the MIR-EM and the …
A group of emerretistas attacked the police post in the district of Villa El Salvador pointing out that this action responded to a determined military response to the permanent abuse, systematic aggression and assassinations that the police forces and their hyenas, the Sinchis, commit daily against popular demands. The media …
In January 1984, the MRTA held its first Central Committee meeting in Lima, analyzing the national political crisis and deciding to launch urban guerrilla actions. On January 22, 1984, the MRTA attacked a police station in Villa El Salvador, marking its emergence as a new subversive group. The group aimed …
Carlos Rodríguez Pastor resigned as Minister of Economy in March 1984. He was replaced by José Benavides Muñoz, who held the portfolio of Energy and Mines, which was assumed by Juan Incháustegui Vargas. Previously, in May 1983, members of the governing party had criticized Rodríguez Pastor. In October 1983, the …
On March 25, 1984, the Luis de la Puente Uceda guerrilla squad of the MRTA carried out an attack on the residence of the Minister of Economy, Carlos Rodríguez Pastor. This attack took place in a context of growing political violence in the country. The attack was part of the …
The MRTA carried out an action similar to the Villa El Salvador attack on the house of Carlos Rodríguez Pastor, Minister of Economy at the time. This action was part of the MRTA's armed propaganda phase.
In the framework of the fifth anniversary of the 'Armed Struggle' (May 18, 1980), elements of the PCP-SL multiplied attacks in Lima and in the northern part of the country on May 16, 1984. This date commemorated the beginning of the internal war that the PCP-SL had initiated in 1980. …
On July 12, 1984, seven police stations in different districts of Lima were attacked simultaneously, marking the beginning of a 'phase of harassment. This event was part of a series of actions by the MRTA to increase their presence in the media and become a significant actor in the internal …
On July 23, 1984, three banners with emblems of the so-called MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) were placed in central areas of Lima. This event occurred in the context of an increase in terrorist actions that had begun on June 22, 1984. The act was part of the first public …
In October 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) made its public appearance in the department of Junin through a symbolic act: the raising of its flag at different points in the city of Huancayo. This action marks the beginning of the MRTA's activities in the central region of the …
The MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) announced the beginning of its subversive work in October 1984 in the Mantaro valley. Its first actions consisted of agitation and armed propaganda activities carried out in the cities of Jauja, Concepción and Huancayo. This was the first public appearance of the MRTA in …
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