The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged with the intention of becoming an armed wing of popular organizations in Peru. Despite its initial goals, the MRTA faced economic difficulties and resorted to tactics like kidnappings, which were against international humanitarian law. Their activities, including confrontations with the PCP-SL and internal …
In 1980, one of the first subversive actions in the northern cone of Lima was the burning of the San Martín de Porres municipal building. This area, with a significant presence of the MRTA, became a zone of popular expansion and subversive activity. The incident marked the beginning of a …
The internal armed conflict that Peru experienced between 1980 and 2000 is the most serious in the country's republican history. It left very deep scars on all levels of national life. The extent and intensity of the conflict accentuated the serious national imbalances, destroyed the democratic order, exacerbated poverty and …
During the period 1980-2000, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) recorded a total of 11,376 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 6,788 victims, State Agents for 3,491, the Self-Defense Committees (CADS) for 261, the MRTA for 71, and 765 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators …
During the period 1980-2000, the CVR recorded a total of 3,593 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,734 victims, State Agents for 1,181, CADS for 49, MRTA for 190, and 439 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Spanish-speaking victims accounted …
In 1980, the Peruvian government initiated the 'Paraíso Terrenal' colonization plan, leading to the migration of various groups into the Apurímac forest. This period saw increased conflict in the central jungle region, with the presence of insurgent groups such as the MRTA and PCP-SL. The local communities, including native Asháninkas …
In 1980, a group of militants from the MIR and PSR-ML, under the generic name 'La ORGA', prepared for the takeover of the central premises of a university in Huancayo. This action aimed to expel the 'corrupt clique' governing the institution. The event was part of a broader strategy by …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Ayacucho was the most affected by the internal armed conflict. A total of 6,549 Quechua-speaking people were reported killed and disappeared in this department. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 3,752 victims, State agents for 2,316, CADS for 170, MRTA for 3, …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huancavelica registered 1,166 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 748 victims, State Agents for 317, CADS for 16, MRTA for 1, and 84 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huánuco registered 905 Quechua-speaking and 1,123 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 559 victims, State agents for 257, and 89 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, Shining Path …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Junín registered 984 Quechua-speaking and 807 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 666 victims, the State Agents for 128, the CADS for 60, the MRTA for 50, and 80 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of San Martin registered 84 Quechua-speaking and 620 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 43 victims, State agents for 28, the MRTA for 3, and 10 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, the Shining Path …
The internal armed conflict in Peru began in May 1980, marked by significant human rights violations. The conflict involved subversive groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA, as well as state agents, leading to arbitrary executions and massacres. Despite international human rights treaties in place, such as the International Covenant on …
In March 1981, Decree Law No. 046 was enacted, which typified the crime of terrorism and established penalties against those who incurred in it. This was one of the first legislative measures of the Peruvian State to confront the beginning of subversive actions. However, according to the CVR report, it …
Between 1982 and 1984, MIR-VR area managers had the mission to travel throughout their area in order to prepare maps for population and housing censuses. This task included locating villages, roads, paths, trails, trails, native ethnic groups, bridges, streams, among other geographic and demographic elements. The people leaving the political-military …
No more than a dozen leaders of the PSR ML - MIR EM met in a Central Committee and after an assessment of the international and national situation came to the conclusion that the conditions were ripe for the resumption of revolutionary violence. It was agreed that the organization would …
The PCP-SL carried out the assault on the Huamanga prison in the department of Ayacucho. This action was very well planned and had a great impact. It was decisive for the MRTA's entry into the armed struggle, according to Peter Cárdenes Schulte. The attack demonstrated the operational capacity of the …
Five MRTA subversives, including Víctor Polay Campos and Jorge Talledo Feria, robbed a bank in the district of La Victoria. When two of the subversives tried to immobilize the policeman guarding the bank, he fired his submachine gun. One of the bullets ricocheted on the floor and mortally wounded Talledo …
On May 31, the MRTA carried out its first seizure in the agency of the Banco de Credito de La Victoria with the purpose of obtaining money to finance its future activities. It obtained 10 million soles, but one of its members, Jorge Talledo Feria, a psychology graduate from the …
Teófilo Pacheco Quispe, a member of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru), died on August 9, 1982 in a confrontation with the police in the district of Surquillo, Lima. This event occurred in the context of a growing wave of political violence in the country, during the month in which …
During the government of Fernando Belaunde Terry, there was a significant increase in violence, reaching its peak in 1983. The control of the counter-subversive efforts was transferred to the Armed Forces, leading to indiscriminate repression. This period was marked by violence affecting the educational sector, with teachers and students being …
In 1983, 1,344 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 663 victims, State Agents for 593, CADS for 17, MRTA for 2, and 69 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This year represents a dramatic escalation in the violence of the conflict.
In 1983, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began operations in the Selva Central region, primarily as a result of military repression in Ayacucho. The region was strategically important due to its geographic and geopolitical significance, including its role in the coca trade. The PCP-SL, along with …
In 1983, the Universidad del Centro became a battleground for various political factions, including the PCP-SL, MRTA, paramilitaries, and government forces. The university was caught in a violent conflict that resulted in numerous deaths and disappearances of students and faculty. The political repression in Ayacucho, exacerbated by the military's presence, …
In July 1983, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out an explosive attack against the premises of the Student Federation of the San Antonio Abad del Cuzco National University. This attack was part of the Shining Path's initial strategy to establish a presence in the university in Cuzco. The attack took place …
Municipal elections were held throughout the country, and the IU candidate, Alfonso Barrantes Lingán, won the mayoralty of Lima. His victory provoked a series of expectations among his voters, especially in the popular sectors, and among the ranks of the political parties and organizations that make up the IU. For …
On 16 November 1983, the MRTA carried out an attack using explosives on the house of U.S. Marines in Lima. This action was a protest against the U.S. invasion of Grenada. The attack was part of a series of military actions by the MRTA, which also included the development of …
The MRTA attacked the home of U.S. Marines in Lima with explosives as a protest against the U.S. invasion of Grenada. This was one of the first armed actions against what they considered to be the objectives of U.S. imperialism.
On November 16, 1983, an MRTA commando placed a bomb in a house in the Lima district of San Borja, where North American marines were staying. This attack was part of the MRTA's initial actions in Lima that year. The event occurred in the context of increasing activity by subversive …
The Congress of the Republic approved the General Budget of the Republic for the following year. This approval took place in a complex political and economic context, marked by the terrorist violence of the PCP-SL and the MRTA, as well as by a serious economic crisis. The Minister of Economy …
The MRTA formally initiated its armed actions, presenting itself as part of the Peruvian left and making explicit its differences with the PCP-SL through the use of uniforms, guerrilla camps and the claim of actions. This organization had been formed in 1982 from the union of the MIR-EM and the …
The I Central Committee of the MRTA was held in Lima. Its analysis of the national political situation concluded that the country was going through a deep political, economic and social crisis provoked by the growing subversive activity of the PCP-SL and the counterinsurgent response. The subversive leadership agreed on …
In 1984, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged amidst a severe economic crisis and increasing violence from the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The MRTA sought to distinguish itself by promoting its armed struggle and recruiting political and military cadres, some of whom left university to join guerrilla fronts. The organization began …
In 1984, the MRTA and the MIR-VR formed an alliance to establish a Guerrilla Front in the department of San Martin, Peru. This front was commanded by a Regional Directorate in charge of developing the political and military struggle, organizing and making the local population aware of the armed struggle. …
In 1984, 2,354 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported, the year with the highest number of victims of the conflict. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,222 victims, State Agents for 964, CADS for 73, MRTA for 1, and 94 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This …
In 1984, the MRTA criticized the PCP-SL for its dogmatism, sectarianism, and neglect of mass movements, marking a divergence in their revolutionary strategies. Despite these criticisms, the MRTA continued to view the PCP-SL as a 'force of the people' throughout much of the 1980s. The differences between the two groups …
In 1984, there was already a nucleus of MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) militants in Huancayo. This group began to participate in debates and acts of protest carried out at the National University of Central Peru (UNCP) by students. The presence of the MRTA in the central region marked the …
In 1984, the MIR-EM in Ucayali began to prepare for war, having previously consolidated its political recruitment work with the formation of student cells in the Young Towns of the city of Pucallpa and created the Committees of Coordination and Neighborhood Struggle (CCOLUB). However, these plans were discouraged by the …
In 1984, the MIR-VR (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria - Voz Rebelde), led by Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, arrived in Pucallpa with its Comandos Revolucionarios del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Commandos). This arrival took place in a context where the MIR-EM had already consolidated an important political work in the region since previous …
In January 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) was founded and the agreements of its First Central Committee were reached. On January 22, the first action claimed by the MRTA took place: opening fire on a police station in Villa El Salvador (VES) after the murder of a resident …
In January 1984, the MRTA held its first Central Committee meeting in Lima, analyzing the national political crisis and deciding to launch urban guerrilla actions. On January 22, 1984, the MRTA attacked a police station in Villa El Salvador, marking its emergence as a new subversive group. The group aimed …
A group of emerretistas attacked the police post in the district of Villa El Salvador pointing out that this action responded to a determined military response to the permanent abuse, systematic aggression and assassinations that the police forces and their hyenas, the Sinchis, commit daily against popular demands. The media …
Carlos Rodríguez Pastor resigned as Minister of Economy in March 1984. He was replaced by José Benavides Muñoz, who held the portfolio of Energy and Mines, which was assumed by Juan Incháustegui Vargas. Previously, in May 1983, members of the governing party had criticized Rodríguez Pastor. In October 1983, the …
On March 25, 1984, the Luis de la Puente Uceda guerrilla squad of the MRTA carried out an attack on the residence of the Minister of Economy, Carlos Rodríguez Pastor. This attack took place in a context of growing political violence in the country. The attack was part of the …
The MRTA carried out an action similar to the Villa El Salvador attack on the house of Carlos Rodríguez Pastor, Minister of Economy at the time. This action was part of the MRTA's armed propaganda phase.
In the framework of the fifth anniversary of the 'Armed Struggle' (May 18, 1980), elements of the PCP-SL multiplied attacks in Lima and in the northern part of the country on May 16, 1984. This date commemorated the beginning of the internal war that the PCP-SL had initiated in 1980. …
On July 12, 1984, seven police stations in different districts of Lima were attacked simultaneously, marking the beginning of a 'phase of harassment. This event was part of a series of actions by the MRTA to increase their presence in the media and become a significant actor in the internal …
On July 23, 1984, three banners with emblems of the so-called MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) were placed in central areas of Lima. This event occurred in the context of an increase in terrorist actions that had begun on June 22, 1984. The act was part of the first public …
The MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) announced the beginning of its subversive work in October 1984 in the Mantaro valley. Its first actions consisted of agitation and armed propaganda activities carried out in the cities of Jauja, Concepción and Huancayo. This was the first public appearance of the MRTA in …
In October 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) made its public appearance in the department of Junin through a symbolic act: the raising of its flag at different points in the city of Huancayo. This action marks the beginning of the MRTA's activities in the central region of the …
In October 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) carried out its first public actions outside Lima, specifically in the city of Huancayo. This event marked the territorial expansion of the MRTA into the central region of the country. The appearance of MRTA in Huancayo contributed to the intensification of …
On October 8, 1984, a group of the MRTA took over the facilities of Radio Comas and spread a commemorative message for the 17th anniversary of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara's death. This action was part of the first MRTA incursions in the Northern Zone of Metropolitan Lima. The event demonstrated the …
In November 1984, the MRTA orchestrated the kidnapping of journalist Vicky Peláez and cameraman Percy Raborg in Cusco, Peru. The operation was politically motivated, aimed at drawing attention to the plight of MRTA prisoners and turning a military setback into a political victory. The kidnapping successfully garnered significant media attention, …
On November 26, 1984, police captured a dozen MRTA activists in Cuzco and seized about twenty rifles, uniforms and ammunition. The police operation disarticulated MRTA plans to start a guerrilla movement in the Paucartambo area. Among those captured was MRTA member Luis Varese Scotto. Subsequently, on December 8, MRTA members …
On November 27, 1984, nine members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) were captured by the police in Paucartambo, Cuzco. The police seized war rifles, a large amount of ammunition, and uniforms from the group. This event was a significant setback for the MRTA, highlighting issues of liberalism, superficiality, …
Nine guerrillas were captured by the police in the province of Paucartambo, department of Cuzco, confiscating rifles, a large quantity of ammunition and uniforms. For the MRTA it was a very hard blow as a consequence of the liberalism, superficiality and disorder with which its militants worked. They had been …
On November 29, 1984, a national strike was called by the General Confederation of Peruvian Workers (CGTP) and the National Unitary Command of Struggle (Comando Nacional Unitario de Lucha). This strike took place in a context of intense political violence and escalation of the internal armed conflict in the country. …
On December 8, 1984, members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) kidnapped two journalists from Channel 2: Vicky Pelaez and her cameraman. During the kidnapping, the journalists were forced to do a report in which MRTA members explained their differences with the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The kidnappers also took advantage …
The MRTA kidnapped Vicky Pelaez and a cameraman from the 90 Segundos news program in the morning hours, in order to publicly denounce the arrest of their militants in Paucartambo, thus preserving their integrity. The statement read by a hooded Víctor Polay was not broadcast on Channel 2 due to …
On December 8, 1984, journalist Vicky Peláez and cameraman Percy Raborg from Canal 2 were kidnapped by members of the MRTA. The kidnappers demanded that the channel broadcast a video with their demands to the government. This incident highlighted the MRTA's tactic of using media coverage to gain attention for …
Members of the MRTA kidnapped reporter Virginia Pelaez Ocampo and cameraman Percy Raborg Pfenning of Channel 2 as they were leaving their workplace in Miraflores. The kidnappers forced them to record and broadcast a message denouncing alleged mistreatment and torture of MRTA comrades detained in Cusco. They were released the …
In 1985, the DIRCOTE (Directorate Against Terrorism) expanded its operational capacity by organizing its forces into seven groups known as Deltas. These groups were tasked with monitoring and countering the activities of the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) and the Partido Comunista del Perú - Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL) in Lima. …
In 1985, Alan García, the candidate of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), was elected as the President of Peru. This marked the first time a political party with significant popular support gained power in the country. García's presidency began with promises of societal reforms aimed at benefiting the majority, …
During 1985, Peruvian law enforcement agencies suffered 31 fatal casualties in the fight against armed subversion, according to information provided by the armed forces and the Ministry of the Interior to the CVR. Of these casualties, 15 corresponded to the Armed Forces and 16 to the Police Forces. These deaths …
In 1985, 809 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 412 victims, State agents for 341, the CADS for 19, the MRTA for 3, and 34 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. There was a decrease compared to the previous year.
The MRTA held its II Central Committee in which it reaffirmed the perception of being in a pre-revolutionary period. The MRTA leaders agreed on the deconcentration of their forces and the publication of a spokesperson under the name Venceremos, as well as the implementation of a clandestine radio station called …
The MRTA carried out attacks such as the attack on the house of the then Minister of Labor, Joaquín Leguía, and the placing of explosives in the premises of Kentucky Fried Chicken in March 1985 in Lima. These actions accompanied their political proposals in the electoral context.
On March 20, 1985, members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) set fire to a Kentucky Fried Chicken store in Lima. This attack was part of a campaign of anti-electoral actions that the MRTA was developing during that period. Most of the attacks during this period were directed against …
MRTA members illuminated the San Pedro hill with the phrase "Do not vote" on April 13, 1985. This action was carried out in the context of the General Elections to be held the following day, April 14. The illumination of the hill was part of the MRTA's anti-electoral campaign, which …
The General Elections were held in Peru in the midst of the terrorist actions of the PCP-SL and the MRTA. The date of April 14 had been formally chosen in 1984, causing discrepancies on the part of the PAP. Alan Garcia Perez of the PAP obtained 45.5% of the votes, …
The government formally called for the 1985 General Elections, establishing April 14 as the date. This decision caused disagreements on the part of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP). The elections took place in the midst of the terrorist actions of the PCP-SL and the MRTA, who developed anti-electoral campaigns aimed …
On June 5, 1985, Legislative Decree 24150 was enacted, which established rules to be complied with during states of exception (or emergency) in which the Armed Forces assume control of internal order, in all or part of the national territory. This legislative decree regulated the states of emergency and the …
Seven police posts, located in different districts of Lima, were simultaneously attacked by the MRTA. This action marked the beginning of the MRTA's harassment phase, demonstrating their operational capacity and coordination.
An emerretista commando took over the Historical Museum of Huaura and recovered a silver replica of San Martin's sword, the original flag with which he proclaimed the independence of Peru, the Order of the Sun Decoration and the original of San Martin's Proclamation. With this symbolic gesture, the MRTA sought …
The MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) exploded a car bomb at the door of the Ministry of the Interior on July 25, 1985. This attack occurred in a context of escalating political violence in the country, just three days before the inauguration of President Alan García Pérez. The attack was …
A car bomb was placed by MRTA at the Ministry of the Interior, without causing fatalities. This was the first time this terrorist method was used by MRTA.
The MRTA leadership suspended military actions against the incoming government of Alan Garcia, considering that the majority of the people had placed their hopes in the APRA party for a radical change in their situation. This move came as a surprise to all and sundry and was announced in a …
On August 16, 1985, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) held a clandestine press conference in Lima. During this conference, the MRTA stated that "it will not carry out military actions against the APRA, as long as the latter does not attack the people". This statement was made in the …
The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) issued a statement criticizing the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) for its conception of revolution. The MRTA criticized the PCP-SL because they considered that the revolution should include the workers and not only the peasants. This statement evidenced the ideological and …
On November 4, 1985, members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took over the offices of the newspaper El Nacional in Lima. The action lasted more than half an hour, during which MRTA members occupied the newspaper's premises. This action was part of the MRTA's activities during 1985, a …
A commando led by Néstor Cerpa Cartolini took over the newspaper El Nacional. This was one of the common practices of the MRTA to intensively use the mass media.
The emerretistas attacked the Playa Rímac police post in retaliation against the police who violently evicted thousands of residents who were illegally occupying the land of the former Garagay estate.
A subversive commando attacked with explosive charges the Officers' Casino of the Republican Guard as a reprisal against its members who had broken up a riot of PCP-SL inmates in the Lurigancho prison on October 4, resulting in the death of more than 30 people.
On November 8, 1985, the university campus was found with flags of the PCP-SL, coinciding with student elections. The influence of student groups was significant in university decisions, overshadowing the authority of professors. Concerns were raised about the presence and influence of external groups like PCP-SL and MRTA within the …
As part of their campaign called 'Fight against hunger', MRTA commandos captured nine trucks loaded with various basic necessities. The captured products were later distributed among the population of young villages. This action was part of the MRTA operations during December 1985, month in which they also carried out other …
In the late afternoon of December 23, 1985, a commando of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) occupied the Scala Gigante store located in the district of Breña, Lima. The MRTA members immobilized the store's guards and employees. Using the store's loudspeakers, they urged the large public present to loot, …
In 1984 there already existed in Huancayo a nucleus of MRTA militants who began to participate in debates and acts of protest carried out at the National University of Central Peru (UNCP) by the students. The struggle between the MRTA and the Communist Party of Peru-Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL) for control …
In 1986, a group of MRTA militants, along with members of the Ecuadorian organization Alfaro Vive ¡Carajo! and the Colombian M-19, formed the Batallón América. This group participated in guerrilla actions against Colombian government forces. The formation was part of MRTA's strategy to gain experience and strengthen ties with other …
In 1986, a significant event known as the 'Matanza de los Penales' occurred at El Frontón prison in Peru. This event was part of a broader period of conflict involving the PCP-SL and the MRTA, where both groups were engaged in violent actions against the state and political figures. The …
In 1986, a faction of militants and leaders left the PCP-Patria Roja, leading to the formation of UNIR-Bolchevique, which eventually dissolved. Some members joined the PCP-SL and MRTA, reflecting broader political shifts and tensions within leftist movements in Peru. These events occurred amidst a perceived revolutionary situation and growing dissatisfaction …
In 1986, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency and imposed a curfew in Lima Metropolitan area due to the increasing violence from the PCP-SL and MRTA. The military was tasked with maintaining internal order during the suspension of constitutional guarantees. This marked a shift in government priorities towards …
The MRTA had a strong presence in Aucayacu between 1986 and 1989. In the mid-1980s, small MRTA groups operated and even carried out attacks in the urban area of Tocache, but their weight was minimal compared to that of the PCP-SL. MRTA's presence in Aucayacu was significant during this period, …
In 1986, 456 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 264 victims, State Agents for 161, CADS for 2, MRTA for 1, and 28 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
In 1986, tensions between the MRTA and PCP-SL escalated into confrontations, notably in the district of Tocache, San Martín. Despite efforts by MRTA to collaborate with other political groups, PCP-SL viewed them as adversaries, leading to increased hostilities in subsequent years. By September 1987, PCP-SL officially categorized MRTA as part …
President Alan Garcia Perez gave a message to the nation on February 7, 1986. This message took place in a context of widespread political violence, with actions by both the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA. The presidential message was one of the outstanding political events of 1986, according to the …
Between February 9 and 14, 1986, the MRTA held its III Central Committee in Lima in order to evaluate the fulfillment of its goals and objectives during 1985. The members of the National Executive Committee, the Central Committee and those in charge of the various political and military structures of …
From February 9 to 14, 1986, the Third Central Committee of the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) was held. This event represented a meeting of the leadership of this subversive organization to define strategies and political lines. The CVR Report document briefly mentions this event in the context of the …
In solidarity with Libya, which had been bombed by the United States, MRTA placed a car bomb at the residence of the U.S. ambassador in Lima.
A subversive commando set fire to one of the rooms of the Police Casino in downtown Lima. When they were leaving, they clashed with police officers, killing one of them.
The emerretistas called a rally in the Villa María del Perpetuo Socorro square, located on the left bank of the Rímac River, where they distributed food stolen from two distribution trucks. This action was carried out in homage to the beginning of the MIR guerrillas in 1965.
On August 7, 1986, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) held its second clandestine press conference. This event took place in a context of intense subversive activity and state repression, just two months after the tragic events in the Lima and Callao prisons in June 1986. The conference was part …
As a symbolic act announcing the beginning of military actions against the APRA government, the MRTA threw a grenade against one of the balconies of the Government Palace, where Alan Garcia usually made his public appearances.
The MRTA National Directorate held a second press conference in Lima. Víctor Polay Campos, hooded, in his capacity as Secretary General, announced to the assembled journalists the end of the suspension of political-military actions against the APRA government. The reasons given included the inconsistency in the payment of the foreign …
On August 8, 1986, Colombian police captured a guerrilla group in Santander that included several Peruvians. This capture occurred one day after MRTA held its second clandestine press conference on August 7. The event evidences the international dimension of MRTA's activities and the cooperation between police forces from different South …
The II Preparatory Meeting of the National Popular Assembly was held in Chiclayo. Almost all the leftist political parties grouped in the IU and others outside it, as well as the most important union and trade union organizations in the country promoted the formation of the ANP. The MRTA, through …
MRTA commemorated another anniversary of the rebellion of Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui (Tupac Amaru II), which occurred on November 4, 1780. In Lima, MRTA carried out a series of coordinated attacks. Other attacks in the provinces, specifically in Cuzco and Chiclayo, are also attributed to the MRTA. This action was part …
In December 1986, a Letter to the Party appeared, signed by 11 leaders of the PCP-Patria Roja, addressed to Alberto Moreno, then General Secretary of that party. In it, under a partisan language, the top leaders were criticized for their departure from the General Line of preparing the party for …
At the end of 1986 and beginning of 1987, the PCP-SL advanced towards the north of Tocache, organizing towns and villages. Among the towns organized were Bambamarca, Nuevo Horizonte, Escote and Santa Rosa de Mishollo. This expansion was parallel to the control that the PCP-SL established over the town of …
On December 9, 1986, the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria - Voz Rebelde (MIR-VR) and the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) formally merged. This merger gave rise to a new National Directorate composed of three leaders from each organization. For the MRTA there were Víctor Polay Campos, Néstor Cerpa Cartolini and …
In the first days of December, the I Unitary Central Committee was organized and on December 9, 1986, the date on which another anniversary of the battle of Ayacucho was commemorated, the MRTA and the MIR Voz Rebelde announced their unity. The MIR VR contributed its political work in the …
On December 9, 1986, the MIR-VR and MRTA formally merged, forming a National Directorate composed of three leaders from each organization. This merger included the integration of the MIR-EM from Ucayali. The merger aimed to consolidate efforts and strengthen the guerrilla movement in Peru.
In 1987, a group of subversives formed an army in San Martín, Peru, composed of militants from MIR-VR and MRTA. They trained in the Pongo de Caynarachi-Shanusi area and launched the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' military campaign on October 8, with incursions into several towns including Tabalosos, Macedas, Soritor, Juanjuí, San …
In 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated its first military campaign, 'Tupac Amaru Vive,' involving incursions into various cities in San Martín, Peru. This campaign was part of a broader struggle for regional autonomy and political decentralization, amidst the backdrop of political violence. The Peruvian state responded by …
In 1987, the Sisa Valley was identified as a strategic control area by the MRTA due to its access to key regions such as Alto Mayo and Huallaga Central. The MRTA established militia bases in this area to conduct intelligence work and coordinate military actions. These bases played a crucial …
In 1987, the MRTA ended its truce with President Alan García and launched a guerrilla campaign in the San Martín department. This campaign was heavily publicized, occurring shortly after the controversial attempt to nationalize the banking sector, which had intensified opposition against the government. Despite the significant media coverage and …
In 1987, the Peruvian Army received intelligence about the MRTA's plan to conduct a significant attack on Concepción, aiming for a more spectacular operation than their previous incursion in Juanjuí. In response, the Army mobilized two special operations detachments, each consisting of 100 soldiers, to strategically intercept and encircle the …
Melvi Zacarías Espinoza, Vice President of the Student Federation and militant of Pueblo en Marcha (a legal MRTA organization), was arrested along with other students in January 1987. This arrest marked the beginning of the Pueblo en Marcha debacle in the UNCP, while the PCP-SL began to express itself openly.
In 1987, a significant institutional crisis erupted in Peruvian universities, particularly affecting the Nueva Universidad de Izquierda Unida project. This period saw increased corruption and violent confrontations among various leftist factions, including Patria Roja, PUM, and PC-Unidad. The conflict escalated as groups like the MRTA and PCP-SL vied for control, …
In 1987, MRTA cadres from different departments of Peru were sent to the department of San Martin to form part of the Northeastern Front, the first MRTA Guerrilla Front. This experience was to serve as a model for cadres from other departments to form their respective Guerrilla Fronts. After the …
In 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) increased its activities in Lima, leading to a crackdown by the police. On August 7, Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, a member of the MRTA's National Executive Committee, was arrested. Later, on October 23, Lucero Cumpa Miranda, a key figure in the MRTA, was …
In 1987, a column of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) took control of the city of Juanjui in Peru. Using intense warfare tactics and explosives, the MRTA quickly overpowered the local police force of thirty officers and maintained control of the city for five hours. This event highlighted the …
In 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated a series of military incursions in Peru, targeting strategic locations such as Campanilla, Pajarillo, and Tabalosos. These actions were part of their campaign to establish territorial control and differentiate themselves from the PCP-SL (Sendero Luminoso) by focusing on gaining the trust …
In 1987, the political landscape in Peru, particularly within San Marcos University, was marked by significant turmoil and division. The leftist party Patria Roja experienced a split, leading to the formation of a dissident faction called FER Bolchevique, which engaged in violent clashes with the main party. This period was …
In 1987, the MRTA began military operations on a larger scale, with the central jungle being the main scenario of the Tupacamarista Popular Army's actions. The Alto and Bajo Yurinaki, Pichanaki; Villarica, Palcazú and Puerto Bermúdez, in the province of Oxapampa and, to a lesser extent, for a very short …
The MRTA cut the truce granted to Garcia and opened a guerrilla front in the department of San Martin with great publicity, barely three months after the attempt to nationalize the banks. The television coverage given to the MRTA campaign was enormous. The guerrilla chief Victor Polay became a well-known …
In 1987, the PCP-SL began its violent activities in the Tulumayo basin, which includes the districts of Comas, Cochas and Mariscal Castilla in the province of Concepción. The key date was September 12, 1987, when a Shining Path column successively raided the capitals of Comas and Cochas, threatening authorities and …
At the end of 1987, the MRTA sporadically entered some communities and towns in Tulumayo. The inhabitants of Racracalla recall the incursion in December 1988 of a group of MRTA militants, uniformed and armed with rifles, who called the people to an assembly in the town square. The MRTA urged …
In 1987, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began its violent activities in the Tulumayo basin. On September 12, 1987, a Shining Path column made successive incursions into the districts of Cochas and Comas. At the end of that same year, the MRTA also entered, albeit sporadically, …
At the end of 1987, the MRTA sporadically entered some communities and towns in Tulumayo. This incursion followed the beginning of the PCP-SL's violent activities in the Tulumayo basin that same year. The entry of the MRTA was characterized as sporadic, unlike the more systematic presence of the Shining Path. …
The Carabayllo Defense Front began to function in 1987 as an organization that provided political education to the population. In this front there were people linked to both the PCP-SL and the MRTA, who distributed flyers and gave speeches. The Defense Front was later dismantled in the 1990s, at the …
Commander Raul was the military commander of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin between 1987 and 1988. As military chief, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the FNO's political actions. The …
In 1987, the MRTA established the Valle del Sisa military detachment, commanded by Carlos Arango, as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This area was considered strategic by the MRTA because it was an access point to the Alto Mayo, Middle Mayo, Huayabamba Valley and Central Huallaga. …
Since the Peruvian Army took charge of the counter-subversive struggle in San Martin, it committed numerous abuses against the civilian population. Violations included arbitrary detentions, robberies, theft of objects and money from the inhabitants of the department's villages and towns. Between 1987 and 1993, 496 arbitrary detentions and 98 people …
In 1987, a sustained conflict emerged between the PCP-SL and the MRTA in the Huallaga River basin. The territory was pragmatically divided, with the Alto Huallaga becoming a stronghold for the PCP-SL, while the Huallaga Central and Bajo Huallaga were controlled by the MRTA. Both groups engaged with local drug …
A commando made up of 15 members of the MRTA assaulted the Cromotes textile factory located at kilometer 3 of the central highway in Ate Vitarte. During the attack, the subversives destroyed several administrative offices and part of the plant's warehouses. This assault was part of the armed actions that …
In March 1987, a significant clash occurred between the guerrilla groups MRTA and SL in the city of Tocache. A group of 100 MRTA guerrillas attempted to take control of the city but were defeated by SL forces, resulting in the loss of 40 MRTA members. This defeat hindered MRTA's …
The Minister of the Interior, Abel Salinas Eyzaguirre, announced the arrest of 71 people implicated in various acts of terrorism in April 1987. Of those arrested, 46 were linked to the PCP-SL (Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path) and 25 to the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). This police …
The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) made its appearance in the department of Puno in April 1987, with propaganda and sabotage actions in the cities of Puno and Juliaca. The first recorded attack was on April 13, 1987 against the premises of the Puno Credit Bank, marking the beginning of …
A group of MRTA assaulted the Santa Rosa parish in Tacna and took a mimeograph. This assault is part of the MRTA's actions of stealing materials and equipment from Church institutions. Unlike Sendero Luminoso, the MRTA was looking more for rapprochement and infiltration than direct attack.
On May 4, 1987, one of the most spectacular and synchronized terrorist acts in Peru up to that time took place. During a widespread blackout in Lima, at least 15 detonations were registered simultaneously, mainly affecting bank branches in different parts of the capital. This coordinated attack demonstrated the operational …
On June 2, 1987, members of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) attacked and took over the town of Aguaytia, located in the province of Padre Abad, department of Ucayali. This attack was part of the IV Military Plan of the PCP-SL called "Develop support bases", which …
In 1987 an army of MRTA subversives was formed in San Martin. Both forces (political and military) united in the Pongo de Caynarachi-Shanusi area, where they trained militarily and politically during the months of July, August and September 1987. The training was led by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor …
On July 13, 1987, a state of emergency was declared in the regions of Huanuco and San Martin in Peru. This declaration was part of the government's response to increasing violence and insurgency activities by groups such as the PCP-SL (Shining Path) and MRTA. The situation escalated to the point …
The MRTA began its public military actions in 1987 with the formation of the Northeastern Front. The control zone considered strategic by the MRTA was the Sisa Valley, the access point to the Alto Mayo, Middle Mayo, Huayabamba Valley and Central Huallaga. The first incursion, very brief, occurred on July …
On the night of July 16, 1987, terror struck the city of Lima with a long blackout during which there were many dynamite attacks. There was a car bomb in the populous area of the Plaza de Acho. This event marked the arrival of Shining Path terror in the country's …
Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, member of the National Executive Committee and journalist of the weekly Cambio, was arrested by the Anti-Terrorism Directorate (DIRCOTE) in the capital city.
An armed column of the MRTA entered the town of Soritor. There were 12 policemen in the police post, of which a captain and 6 policemen fled to Moyobamba, while the other 6 resisted for two hours of confrontation. Then they surrendered after suffering the death of 2 of them. …
On 17 August 1987, the DIRCOTE, under the leadership of General Miyashiro, captured Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, also known as 'comrade Rodrigo'. Gálvez was a journalist for Cambio and a member of the MRTA. This event marked a significant achievement for the DIRCOTE, as they also seized a trunk containing valuable …
The DIRCOTE captured Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, alias Comrade Rodrigo, journalist of Cambio and member of the MRTA. Gálvez was the first important detainee of General Miyashiro, currently Director of the DIRCOTE. With him, the DIRCOTE also seized a trunk with documentation of interest. This capture represented one of DIRCOTE's first …
On August 17, 1987, the Anti-Terrorism Directorate (DIRCOTE) captured Alberto Galvez Olaechea, who was a leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). Gálvez Olaechea was also a journalist for Cambio magazine. This capture represented a significant blow against the MRTA leadership structure during a period of intense subversive activity …
On August 25, 1987, the Directorate of Special Operations of the Police Forces (DOES) was created in a context of intense political violence in the country, marked by the actions of both the PCP-SL and the MRTA. This creation took place in a context of intense political violence in the …
On August 30, 1987, the MRTA carried out its second incursion in the town of Pajarillo, located in the Sisa Valley, an area considered strategic by this subversive organization. This incursion was as fleeting as the first one that had occurred in Campanilla on July 13 of the same year. …
In August, the MRTA held its II Central Committee meeting, where leaders confirmed a shift towards increased militarization amidst the polarized Peruvian society. By September 1987, the MRTA initiated a campaign of kidnappings in Lima, targeting prominent businessmen to finance their operations. This marked a significant escalation in their tactics, …
In September 1987, student elections were held at La Cantuta University amidst a climate of instability and violence. The elections saw the victory of the Izquierda Unida list, an alliance between VER, PUM, and MUR, over other competing lists, including those backed by Patria Roja and the Frente Estudiantil Democrático …
The first MRTA kidnapping took place and the victim was Julio Ikeda Masukawa, manager of Avícola San Fernando. The kidnappers exchanged the freedom of their hostages in exchange for large sums of money. During their captivity, the businessmen remained hidden in the so-called people's prisons.
In October 1987, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) executed a strategic incursion in Juanjui, Peru. The operation involved distracting police forces with attacks in nearby towns, allowing the MRTA to seize a significant cache of weapons. The subversives engaged with the local population, demonstrating their cause and gaining some …
A group of emerretistas in uniform and armed with rifles took the city of Tabalosos without casualties. This action marked the beginning of the political-military campaign El Che vive. The MRTA called on the population to explain the reasons for their insurgency, evaluate the performance of the local authorities and …
On October 8, 1987, in homage to the day of Che Guevara's death, the MRTA raided the town of Tabalosos as a tribute to the peasants killed there during the 1982 strike. The town's police post was quickly taken over; of its few and surprised ten policemen, eight fled and …
On October 8, 1987, the MRTA began the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Victor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Nestor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincon (c) Francisco. The campaign began with the raid on the villages of Tabalosos and Macedas. This date was chosen to commemorate the 20th …
On October 8, 1987, on the anniversary of Ernesto Che Guevara's death, a contingent of eighty men of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) entered the town of Tabalosos in the department of San Martin. This action was part of a series of town seizures that the MRTA carried out …
A guerrilla unit took Soritor, province of Moyobamba, attacking the police post. One officer was killed and those who were wounded were treated by the subversives. The MRTA summoned the population to explain the reasons for their insurgency.
On October 18, 1987, the MRTA took over the town of Soritor as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of towns that the Tupac Amaru Army (ET) carried out in the department of San Martin during the …
Lucero Cumpa Miranda, responsible for metropolitan work and member of the MRTA Central Committee, was captured. The capture of Cumpa and other militants dealt a serious blow to the MRTA and practically dismantled its organization in many areas of Lima.
In the face of MRTA's armed actions in the northeastern jungle of the country, the government proceeds to hand over to the Armed Forces the political-military control of the entire department of San Martin. This decision comes after a column of seventy MRTA members seized several localities in the department, …
In November 1987, the I Congress of the National Popular Assembly (ANP) was held in the district of Villa El Salvador. The radical sectors of the IU, such as the UNIR, the PUM and the FOCEP, the PCP Unity and the UDP participated. Through delegates who were from the MRTA …
In November 1987, the MRTA moved to the next stage of its war with the opening of the Northeastern Front, increasing the level of confrontation with the forces of law and order. This fact added to the considerable presence that the PCP-SL had achieved in the country, increasing political violence.
The MRTA took over Juanjui and San José de Sisa in San Martin. As a result of this action, the Government handed over military control of the area to the Armed Forces. This seizure of towns was one of the most important actions of the MRTA in the San Martin …
In November 1987, tensions escalated between the MRTA and PCP-SL in San Martín, Peru. The MRTA accused the PCP-SL of violent attacks not only against them but also against popular sectors and organizations. The MRTA criticized the PCP-SL's actions as detrimental to the revolutionary cause and called for adherence to …
In November 1987, the MRTA raided Juanjui as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action forced the government to decree a state of emergency and a curfew in San Martin. The incursion unleashed a strong state repression that included the persecution of union and popular leaders, especially …
After the MRTA raid on Juanjui on November 6, 1987, the department of San Martin was declared in a state of emergency. In November 1987, the Political-Military Command of the Huallaga Front was established as the Peruvian State's response to MRTA's armed actions in the region. This military command was …
On November 6, 1987, the MRTA carried out its first incursion in the city of Juanjui with an operation executed by sixty members of the organization. The action consisted of the seizure of the three police posts in the city, the airport and the looting of a bank. The operation …
The seizure of Juanjuí began on Friday, November 6, 1987 at 2:30 a.m. when a group of emerretistas captured the 'Love of the Mountain' truck to transport the Tupacamarista Army to Juanjuí without being discovered. Between 70 and 100 MRTA subversives took the town at 5:45 a.m., almost without resistance, …
In early November, a column of seventy members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) took control of several towns in the San Martín department of Peru, including Juanjui, San José de Sisa, Shatoja, and San Martín de Alao. The events were captured by Lima television cameras, which also interviewed …
On November 6, 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated an operation to capture the city of Juanjui. The operation began with the capture of a truck, which was used to transport MRTA members into the city undetected. The group quickly took control of the city by targeting and …
The emerretista column, integrated by 60 men, took the city of Juanjui in the political-military campaign Túpac Amaru liberator. The subversive forces simultaneously attacked the posts of the Investigation Police, the Civil Guard and the Republican Guard, and took the small airport. During the attack on the police post Jorge …
The same MRTA group that had taken Juanjui arrived in San José de Sisa, taking control of the police post quickly, without firing a single shot. They stayed overnight due to fatigue and in the evening they offered a cultural activity with the assistance of the villagers. Journalists from Panamericana …
During a series of takeovers of localities by the MRTA in the department of San Martin, journalists interviewed Commander Rolando, head of the MRTA column, in the context of the armed actions that led the government to hand over political-military control of the entire department of San Martin to the …
The emerretista detachment went to the town of San José de Sisa where they arrived on November 7 at 4 pm. They entered the town without any resistance from the police forces who, having heard about what had happened in Juanjui, had left the place shortly before. In this action …
On November 7, 1987, MRTA troops reached San José de Sisa without firing a single shot. This action was part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. The seizure of San José de Sisa …
On November 7, 1987, the MRTA carried out an attack on the Rioja police post as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This attack took place on the same day as the takeover of San José de Sisa, where the MRTA troops arrived without firing a single shot. …
On November 8, 1987, Channel 5's Panorama program aired a report by Alejandro Guerrero on the seizure of Juanjui by the MRTA. The report showed commander Rolando (Victor Polay) and uniformed militants in San Jose de Sisa. The coverage generated controversy for dramatizing the facts and giving a triumphalist reading …
A column of seventy MRTA members took the locality of Shatoja on November 8, 1987, as part of a series of coordinated actions in the department of San Martin. This seizure was part of a sequence of MRTA raids that included Juanjui (November 6), San Jose de Sisa (November 7), …
On November 9, 1987, the MRTA raided the town of Senami as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages that the MRTA carried out in San Martin during October, November and December 1987. The military campaign …
A column of seventy MRTA members took the town of San Martin de Alao on November 9, 1987. This action was part of a series of takeovers of towns in the department of San Martin carried out by the MRTA between November 6 and 9. The column also took other …
The subversive forces of the MRTA took the district of Chazuta in the province of San Martin. Finally, the subversive forces retreated to Alto Sisa, where they were concentrated prior to the attack on Juanjui.
The seizure of Chazuta was part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign initiated on October 8, 1987 by the MRTA, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. This action took place on November 19, 1987 as part of a series …
After the capture of Juanjui on November 6, 1987, the MRTA returned to the same camp they had used before the attack. The Peruvian Army pursued them after the declaration of a state of emergency in the department of San Martin and the establishment of the Political-Military Command of the …
The Pacasmayo clash took place where the army suffered several casualties, but the MRTA lost four comrades. This confrontation occurred during the deconcentration of the subversive forces after the Tupac Amaru Liberator campaign.
The seizure of Shanao was part of the MRTA's 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. This action took place on December 11, 1987 as part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages in …
On December 16, 1987, the MRTA raided the village of Yorongos as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages that the Tupac Amaru Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front carried out between October and December 1987 …
On 23 December 1987, a clash occurred in Agua Blanca between the Peruvian military and members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). The military response included patrols, airborne operations, and the detention and alleged extrajudicial execution of suspected subversives. This event was part of broader efforts to combat subversive …
After the seizure of Juanjui in November 1987, the MRTA returned to the same camp used before the attack. The Peruvian Army pursued them after a state of emergency was declared in the department of San Martin. Believing they had escaped the army, the MRTA fighters were surprised in Agua …
In 1988, members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) infiltrated the community of Los Ángeles de Ubiriki, gaining the trust of the locals by promising peace and protection against injustices. They established a military training center and participated in local festivities, often taking young women with them. The MRTA's …
In 1988, the Peruvian government under President Alan García declared a state of emergency in the provinces of Chanchamayo, Oxapampa, and Satipo due to the increasing subversive activities and territorial expansion of the PCP-SL and MRTA. This measure was taken as the insurgent groups were establishing control over various regions, …
In January 1988, the MRTA and PCP-SL intensified their clashes in the Huallaga Valley over territorial control and economic benefits from the narcotics trade. A column of PCP-SL insurgents entered the Biavo Valley, reaching Barranca, a rapidly growing coca cultivation area. The insurgents gained local support by defending the farmers' …
In 1988, Lima experienced significant political unrest and violence despite efforts to promote peace. On January 28, 1988, a group of 40 Sendero Luminoso members clashed with demonstrators in Plaza Dos de Mayo during a national strike, targeting Senator Jorge del Prado. The violence persisted, with increased tensions during Pope …
In 1988, the assassination of Professor Julio Sánchez in Shapaja by elements of the MRTA led to the creation of the first ronda campesina in the department of San Martín. This event marked a significant moment in the local community's response to political violence. The formation of these peasant patrols …
In 1988, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated a series of kidnappings as part of a strategic plan to secure financial resources. This marked a shift from sporadic abductions to a more organized policy. The group targeted wealthy businessmen, such as Carlos Ferreyros and Héctor Delgado Parker, who were …
During this period, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) conducted 'popular trials' against individuals accused of actions deemed morally condemnable by the group. These trials were held before 'Revolutionary Tribunals,' which were responsible for administering justice within the MRTA's military force and operational zones. The tribunals targeted those considered oppressors, …
Faced with the increase in subversive actions and the territorial expansion of the PCP-SL and MRTA in the region, Alan Garcia's government declared the provinces of Chanchamayo, Oxapampa and Satipo in a state of emergency in 1988. This measure was taken in response to the growing control that both subversive …
Comandante Roberto assumed the leadership of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1988-1990. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the political actions of the front. …
In 1988, the MRTA established the Edward Cumapa military detachment in the Huayabamba valley as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San Martin. The Huayabamba valley was considered a strategic zone because …
Professor Julio Sánchez was assassinated in Shapaja by MRTA elements in 1988. This assassination led to the creation of the first peasant patrol in the department of San Martin. In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and made demands that the people refused …
Between 1988 and 1990, the Ejército del Trabajo (ET) of the Western Front (FO) of the MRTA managed to establish zones of passage and obligatory stays in several strategic locations. In Nueva Requena and Shambo, a native Shipibo-Conibo community, they established a corridor that allowed them direct access between the …
Beginning in 1988, the MRTA made incursions into various native communities in Ucayali as part of its territorial expansion strategy. The Ejército del Terreno (ET) of the Eastern Front went through communities such as Colonia del Caco, Curiaca, Santa Rosa de Sheshea and Nueva Alianza de Sheshea. In these incursions, …
In 1988, the first MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) incursions were recorded in the Caco and Sheshea ravines in the Ucayali region. This MRTA presence preceded the arrival of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Ucayali River, which occurred between the end of 1989 and the beginning of 1990. The MRTA …
In 1988, 810 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 541 victims, State Agents for 203, CADS for 8, MRTA for 5, and 53 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
After the first MRTA military campaign in San Martin, the recruited MRTA cadres returned, between February and March 1988, to their lands to form their Guerrilla Fronts. This return was part of MRTA's strategy to expand its territorial presence after the experience in the Northeastern Front. The cadres who had …
On February 7, 1988, a public notice appeared with the title "Security is everyone's task" that presented photographs and physical characteristics of six leaders of subversive organizations. The ad includes images of Abimael Guzmán Reinoso (leader of the PCP-SL), Julio César Mezzich, Osmán Morote Barrionuevo (number two of the PCP-SL), …
In March 1989, around 30 armed MRTA men attacked the Pichanaki police post in Chanchamayo province. This attack was part of the MRTA's operations in the central jungle during its period of expansion in the area. A few days after this attack, the subversives marched into the Junin highlands to …
On the day of John Paul II's arrival in Lima, the MRTA placed a banner at the Hipolito Unanue hospital and relatives of MRTA prisoners took over several churches. This action sought to draw attention to the situation of the MRTA prisoners during the Pope's visit, using the media coverage …
Rosa Cusquén Cabrera, accused of being a traitor and a police informer, was murdered inside the Arzobispo Loayza Hospital while recovering from the wounds of a failed first attempt on her life on April 2, 1988.
In July 1988, the MRTA subversive contingent attacked and destroyed the police post in the district of Pozuzo, in the province of Oxapampa. During the confrontation, four policemen were killed. This attack was part of a series of MRTA actions in the area during the last months of 1988, when …
The owners of TV channels 2, 4, 5 and 9 commit themselves in the so-called "one minute agreement", whereby they would provide their viewers with only one minute of images of attacks, acts of violence and other events related to terrorism. This agreement took place in a context of intensifying …
In July 1988, the MRTA attacked the Pozuzo police post, resulting in the murder of four policemen. This attack was part of MRTA operations in the Palcazu area, where an initially small column of approximately ten well-armed and uniformed militants had set up on the left bank of the Palcazu …
On July 7, 1988, Héctor Jerí García, a retired General of the Peruvian Air Force and general manager of the battery factory 'Capsa', was kidnapped by members of the MRTA in Lima. The kidnappers demanded various conditions for his release, including the distribution of food to poor neighborhoods and a …
On July 7, 1988, eight members of a selective commando of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) kidnapped General Enrique López Albújar in Lima. This kidnapping was part of the MRTA's actions during the period of transition to the siege of the city (1985-1988), when the subversive groups intensified their …
Retired FAP General and general manager of Capsa, Héctor Jerí García, was kidnapped around 8:00 a.m. when he arrived at the factory on República de Panamá Avenue, Balconcillo. Several MRTA members armed with revolvers, machine guns and grenades got out of two vehicles, broke the window of his car and …
On July 7, 1988, eight seditious members of the MRTA kidnapped businessman General FAP (r) Héctor Jeri García at the main gate of the CAPSA battery factory, located in La Victoria, Lima. The kidnapping was perpetrated by a commando of eight members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. The victim …
On July 24, 1988, the MRTA armed group raided Puerto Bermudez, capital of the Oxapampa district. The subversive contingent summoned the inhabitants to the town square during this action. This incursion took place in the context of a series of MRTA actions in the area, including the attack and destruction …
Miguel Pasache Vidal and Sócrates Porta Solano were assassinated by the MRTA in August 1988. Their deaths were linked to the kidnapping of General Héctor Jerí García, who was later released after a ransom was paid and food was distributed in Lima. The MRTA claimed responsibility for the executions and …
Pedro Ojeda Zavala, Darío, who led dissidents of the MIR VR who tried to organize a guerrilla column of their own, was found by his former comrades and shot. The revolutionary tribunal of the MRTA considered him a traitor. Thus ended the first attempt at schism in the Northeastern Front.
In November 1988, due to the increase in the number of attacks and victims caused by the PCP-SL and the MRTA, Alan Garcia's government decreed a State of Emergency in all provinces and districts of Junin. Army General Manuel Delgado Rojas was appointed as Chief of the Political Military Command. …
In response to increasing violence from the PCP-SL and MRTA, the government of Alan García declared a State of Emergency in all provinces and districts of Junín in November 1988. This led to the military taking control, resulting in numerous human rights violations, including threats, kidnappings, torture, extrajudicial killings, and …
On November 11, 1988, César Valentín Palomino, provincial mayor of Huancayo, was assassinated. This crime took place in a context of intensifying political violence in the department of Junin, where both the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA were active. The assassination of democratically elected authorities was a recurrent tactic of …
In December 1988, a group of MRTA militants entered Racracalla, Tulumayo, and held a public assembly in the town square. They communicated their mission to 'conquer power for the people' and encouraged local authorities and residents to support their cause. Unlike other armed groups, the MRTA did not threaten local …
In December 1988, a group of MRTA militants, uniformed and armed with rifles and other military equipment, raided Racracalla. They called the people to an assembly in the plaza to explain that their struggle was 'to conquer power for the people' and that in this task everyone had 'a place …
A group of MRTA militants, uniformed and armed with rifles and other military equipment, called the people to an assembly in the plaza. During this public meeting, the MRTA militants introduced themselves to the population and told them that their struggle was 'to conquer power for the people'. This was …
On December 4, 1988, the MRTA kidnapped Carlos Ferreyros Aspíllaga, described as one of the most powerful businessmen in the country. This kidnapping was part of the actions of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement during a period of intense subversive activity in Peru. The event occurred in the context of …
Businessman Carlos Ferreyros Aspíllaga was kidnapped as he was leaving his home in La Molina. The MRTA identified him as a member of the Twelve Apostles, the third largest power group in the country. In exchange for his release, the MRTA asked for an advertisement in a well-known newspaper and …
On December 8, 1988, a commando of the eastern front of the MRTA took the town of Puerto Inca. This action was part of the operations of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement in the eastern region of the country. The event occurred in a context of intense subversive activity during …
A contingent of guerrillas took the town of Puerto Inca, causing an impact among the inhabitants because it was the first time an action of this type had occurred in the department and also because it was the announcement of the political-military presence of the MRTA in the region. This …
On December 8, 1988, a contingent of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) took control of the locality of Puerto Inca. This marked the first time such an action occurred in the department, signaling the political-military presence of the MRTA in the region. The event was significant as it demonstrated …
On December 29, 1988, the Day for Peace was held, an event organized by the Municipality of Lima. This day took place in a context of intense political violence in the country, marked by the actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA, as well as by the government's response …
In 1989, the PCP-SL made incursions into several native communities and peasant annexes in the province of Chanchamayo, carrying out "popular trials" and assassinating authorities and inhabitants. One of the best known cases was that of La Florida, where they murdered an entire family along with a nun from the …
In 1989, the MRTA began a new offensive in San Martin that included the seizure of several towns. Among the towns taken were Pilluana, Shapaja, San Jose de Sisa, Peleje, Papalaya and Pacaypasa. This offensive was part of a broader MRTA strategy to expand its presence in the San Martin …
During 1989, Peruvian law enforcement forces suffered 149 fatal casualties in the fight against armed subversion, representing 8.9% of the total number of law enforcement casualties during the entire conflict. Of these casualties, 101 corresponded to the Armed Forces (mainly the Army) and 48 to the Police Forces. This year …
At the end of 1989, unidentified "paramilitaries" began their actions in Junín, disappearing and extrajudicially executing a large number of university, high school and secondary school students, presumably linked to subversive groups. These actions took place in the context of an intense struggle between the PCP-SL and the MRTA at …
In 1989, there was an armed confrontation between the Peruvian Army and the MRTA in the district of Molinos, province of Jauja. This combat resulted in the death of 6 military personnel and 58 guerrillas, although the MRTA only claimed responsibility for 42 of its dead. This confrontation was the …
Towards the end of 1989, in the process of regrouping and reorganizing their reduced forces after the Molinos battle, a group of MRTA guerrillas were transporting weapons for the jungle detachment. During the transport, the pickup truck in which they were traveling fell into the Pichanaki River. All the occupants …
The municipality of Carmen de la Legua was attacked in 1989 as part of a series of sabotage and intimidation actions carried out by subversive groups in the Northern Zone of Metropolitan Lima. This attack was part of a broader strategy to weaken the presence of the state through attacks …
At the end of 1989, an MRTA column assassinated three Asháninka leaders in the province of Oxapampa. Among the victims was Alejandro Calderón, pinkátzari (great chief) and president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), the federation that groups 52 native communities of the Pichis River and tributaries. The Asháninka reacted quickly …
In 1989, the MRTA established the military detachment called 'Róger López' in the area of Medio Mayo, as part of the expansion and territorial reorganization of the Northeastern Front. This detachment had as its area of influence the banks of the Mayo River in the province of Lamas. It was …
In 1989, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) was actively operating in the district of Yarinacocha, Ucayali, Peru. They were recruiting adolescents under threats to their lives. This event is part of a broader pattern of forced recruitment by the MRTA across various regions in Peru, targeting young individuals and …
A woman was arrested at her home in the district of Huancayo in 1989. During her detention, she was the victim of rape by State agents. The case illustrates the pattern of systematic sexual violence against women detained during the internal armed conflict. The victim did not denounce the facts …
Capture of MRTA leader Victor Polay Campos in Huancayo in early 1989. This was a major blow to the organization and prompted an urgent show of force that led to the failed Tarma operation.
Assassination of retired General Enrique López Albújar in Lima, perpetrated by the MRTA in retaliation for the Molinos massacre. This was a condemnable assassination that constituted the organization's response to the execution of surrendered guerrillas.
In 1989, 1,188 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 791 victims, State agents for 282, CADS for 14, MRTA for 13, and 88 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. A new increase in violence is observed.
In 1989, 483 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 236 victims, State Agents for 149, CADS for 2, MRTA for 35, and 61 cases were attributed to undetermined or other perpetrators. There has been a significant increase in violence.
The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) engaged in a series of kidnappings in Peru during 1989. These operations were meticulously planned, targeting wealthy and well-known individuals for both economic and propagandistic purposes. The kidnappings involved detailed surveillance and execution plans, often using multiple vehicles and disguises to avoid detection.
In 1989, the region of Chanchamayo in Peru experienced intense conflict between two subversive groups, the PCP-SL (Shining Path) and the MRTA. The PCP-SL attempted to consolidate its control by conducting 'popular trials' and committing assassinations, including a notorious incident in La Florida where a family and a religious sister …
In late 1989, the MRTA assassinated three Asháninka leaders, including Alejandro Calderón, the president of the ANAP. This event led to a mobilization among the Asháninka to form their own defense forces against the MRTA. The conflict between the MRTA and the Asháninka has roots in the 1960s guerrilla activities …
In 1989, eight individuals were assassinated in Tarapoto, Peru, by the MRTA, a subversive organization. The victims included César Marcelino Carvajal, Max Pérez Velásquez, Luis Mogollón, Alberto Chong Rojas, Rafael Gonzales, Carlos Piedra, Raúl Chumbe Rodríguez, and Jhony Achuy. These acts were part of a broader campaign by the MRTA …
In 1989, the MRTA and the newly formed Frente Patriótico de Liberación (FPL) attempted to establish a guerrilla column in Cuzco, Peru. This effort was quickly thwarted by the police, leading to the capture and imprisonment of most of its members. The failure of this initiative resulted in some members …
In 1989, the Peruvian government faced significant challenges in the Alto Huallaga region, where the Shining Path and the MRTA were vying for control over the lucrative cocaine trade. The Peruvian military proposed a Political-Military Plan to the United States, seeking support to prevent these groups from dominating the area. …
Victor Polay, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured in Huancayo on January 31, 1989. This capture represented a serious setback for the MRTA, whose organizational apparatus was already resentful. After this event, the MRTA continued to operate in the central jungle but with diminished capacity. Polay's …
In February 1989, the leader of the MRTA, Víctor Polay Campos, was captured in Huancayo by counterinsurgency forces. This event marked a significant setback for the MRTA, as it diminished their political and military capabilities in the region. The capture was part of a series of repressive actions against the …
In February 1989, ten peasants were killed in the community of Santa Rosa de Pachaclla. According to the CVR report, the victims were identified as presumed Shining Path members. This event occurred in the context of the expansion of political violence in the Junin region, during a period of intense …
Víctor Polay Campos, alias Rolando, leader of the MRTA, was captured by chance in the Tourist Hotel in Huancayo. The National Directorate of the MRTA acknowledged, through a statement, that the capture of Polay Campos was a momentary setback and that it was a product of chance. This was one …
On February 3, 1989, Victor Polay, the Secretary General of the MRTA, was captured in the city of Huancayo. This event significantly weakened the leadership of the MRTA, as several key figures, including Polay, were detained. The capture led to Néstor Cerpa Cartolini assuming leadership of the organization.
On February 9, 1989, a large march organized by the Confederation of Campesinos of Peru (CCP) in Pucallpa was repressed by the National Police's Special Operations Directorate (DOES), resulting in the death of eight campesinos. The march was a response to the failure of state enterprises to pay for agricultural …
On February 9, 1989, one of the largest peasant and native mobilizations was held in Pucallpa to demand improvements in agriculture from the government. This march was organized by the Confederation of Peruvian Peasants (CCP) to celebrate an agreement after a three-week strike by peasants grouped in the FECADU and …
In March 1989, the emerretista forces, part of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), launched a series of armed actions in the Junín region of Peru. They 'took' Pichanaqui in the province of Chanchamayo and attacked police posts in Sapallanga and San Agustín de Cajas, resulting in the deaths of …
In March 1989, around 30 armed MRTA men attacked the Pichanaki police post in Chanchamayo province. This attack was part of the MRTA's operations in the central jungle during its period of expansion in the area. A few days after this attack, the subversives marched into the Junin highlands to …
On March 3, 1989, the general secretary of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP) issued an official statement of his political group. In this communiqué, he called on all social and party forces in the country to sign a commitment for peace and democracy. This initiative took place in a context …
On March 4, 1989, the MRTA raided the towns of Pilluana and Shapaja as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. During this incursion in Pilluana, the MRTA assassinated 3 local authorities whom they accused of being involved in drug trafficking. This action was part of …
On March 12, 1989, militants of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) assassinated a police officer in the university campus of the UNCP. This event occurred in the context of the struggle between the PCP-SL and the MRTA at the university, which reached bloody proportions in 1989. …
On March 13, 1989, a column of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took the town of Pichanaki, located in the province of Chanchamayo. This event took place in a context of intensification of MRTA's armed actions in the central region of the country. The capture of the city was …
The MRTA jungle detachment took Pichanaqui in the province of Chanchamayo. This was one of the first armed actions of the Central Front detachments.
In a simultaneous action, the guerrillas attacked the police posts of Sapallanga and San Agustín de Cajas, both located in the province of Huancayo, resulting in two deaths among police officers.
In April 1989, approximately 80 members of the MRTA detachment were moving towards the Junin highlands with the intention of taking Tarma, when they encountered Army forces in the district of Molinos, Jauja province, and engaged in combat. The confrontation resulted in the death of 62 people identified as MRTA …
The MRTA tried to take the city of Tarma in an operation that ended in the Molinos massacre. The Army's review of surrendered guerrillas showed the MRTA that for the forces of order there were no good and bad subversives. The operation had been planned to respond to the strong …
In April 1989, a significant armed column of the MRTA was defeated in Los Molinos, located in the Jauja region of Peru. This defeat forced the MRTA to withdraw its key members from the University of the Center, where they had aimed to establish a stronghold for political and military …
In April 1989, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso took over the facilities of the University City of the UNSAAC and embandero, as part of its strategy to control the university. This event was part of the struggle for political control of the San Antonio Abad University that increased during this period, where …
Miguel Rincón Rincón, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured in downtown Lima on April 16, 1989. After his capture, he was imprisoned in the Castro Castro prison. This arrest represented a significant blow to the command structure of the MRTA. The capture took place in a …
Miguel Rincón Rincón, leader of MRTA, was captured by DIRCOTE. This capture was part of the DIRCOTE's important achievements in the arrest of high-ranking leaders of subversive groups during 1989, especially the MRTA.
On Thursday, April 20, 1989, at 7:30 p.m., after several explosions and a subsequent blackout, a column of the PCP-SL took the main square of Acolla. The Shining Path guerrillas captured the APRA mayor Víctor Mayta Galarza and after a popular trial they assassinated him with two bullets to the …
On April 28, 1989, PCP-SL militants assassinated three students of APRA affiliation on the campus of the National University of Central Peru (UNCP). This event took place in the context of a bloody struggle between the PCP-SL and the MRTA for control of the university, which became visible in 1989. …
On April 28, 1989, two trucks carrying members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) unexpectedly encountered a contingent of the Peruvian Army while traveling through Pampa Puyhuan. The army stopped the trucks, and upon inspection, gunfire erupted from within the vehicles. This incident highlights the tense interactions between military …
A column of thirty heavily armed MRTA subversives attacked the Pichanaki police post. After the attack, the column began to move towards the highlands to join up with another column coming down from Tulumayo, in the highlands of Junin, with the objective of jointly taking the city of Tarma. However, …
On April 28, 1989, two MRTA columns encountered Peruvian Army forces in the district of Molinos (Jauja) and were practically annihilated in combat. A column of thirty heavily armed subversives operating in the area of Satipo and Chanchamayo had begun a movement towards the highlands to unite with another column …
On the night of April 28, 1989, trucks carrying MRTA members were intercepted by an army patrol, causing an armed confrontation in which 6 military personnel were killed and 60 people, including MRTA subversives and some civilians. There were 20 wounded among the soldiers, but no survivors were reported among …
On April 28, 1989, an armed confrontation took place between an Army patrol and a detachment of MRTA militants in the district of Molinos, province of Jauja. The subversive group was on its way to take the city of Tarma when it was intercepted by military forces. This event was …
On Friday, April 28, 1989, more than 100 Army soldiers clashed with a contingent of 67 MRTA members in the Puyhuan Pampa. The MRTA was heading towards Jauja with the objective of taking the city of Tarma aboard two trucks. When the trucks were passing through the Puyhuan pampa, they …
On April 28, 1989, an MRTA detachment traveling in two trucks toward Tarma to take the city was discovered by a Peruvian Army patrol in the Molinos district, eight kilometers east of Jauja. According to the initial report, 62 MRTA members and eight soldiers were killed in the confrontation. However, …
On April 28, 1989, an MRTA detachment traveling in two trucks toward Tarma to take the city was discovered by a Peruvian Army patrol in the Molinos district, eight kilometers east of Jauja. An armed confrontation ensued resulting in the death of 58 MRTA members, six members of the Peruvian …
On April 28, 1989, the MRTA attempted to take the city of Tarma in Junin, but were ambushed in Los Molinos. Many of their most valuable military cadres were killed in this confrontation. This event frustrated the MRTA's attempt to expand into Junín and represented a significant blow to their …
On 28 April 1989, a confrontation occurred between the Peruvian Army and a column of MRTA subversives in the district of Molinos, Jauja. The MRTA forces, which were attempting to join another column to take the city of Tarma, were nearly annihilated by the army. This defeat halted the MRTA's …
On April 28, 1989, an armed confrontation occurred in Jauja, Peru, between the Peruvian Army and the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). The clash resulted in the deaths of several army personnel, including Lieutenant Johnny Morales Rodríguez and others. The incident also left twenty-six soldiers injured, with some evacuated to …
On April 28, 1989, the MRTA attempted to take over the city of Tarma as part of their strategy to establish a Central Front in the regions of Pasco and Junín. The operation aimed to boost the group's prominence on the national political scene and restore confidence among its members …
On April 28, 1989, PCP-SL militants committed the murder of three university students on the campus of the National University of Central Peru in Huancayo. This event occurred in a context where the PCP-SL had increased its intense agitation and armed propaganda work at the university, taking advantage of the …
An MRTA guerrilla column was annihilated in Molinos, Jauja, in a confrontation with the Peruvian Army. This was a devastating blow for the MRTA that disarticulated its organizational work and created political confusion among its militants. The repercussions for the MRTA's work at the university were serious, forcing them to …
On April 28, 1989, a violent confrontation occurred between the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) and the Peruvian Army's special forces in Molinos, Jauja, resulting in the death of 58 MRTA members and six soldiers. The clash severely weakened the MRTA's influence in the Central region, leading to the loss …
On April 29, 1989, the six soldiers of the Peruvian Army killed in the Molinos confrontation the day before were buried. The remains of infantry lieutenant Jhonny Morales Rodriguez, sergeant Yuri Portocarrero and corporal Ulises Rivera Flores were buried in the "El Angel" cemetery. The cortege was presided over by …
On May 1, 1989, the bodies of the MRTA militants killed in the Molinos confrontation on April 28 were buried in the Jauja General Cemetery. The 55 corpses arrived at 11:00 a.m. on board several dump trucks. During the two previous days, personnel from the Olavegoya hospital and members of …
On May 1, 1989, 55 bodies of individuals identified as members of the MRTA, a subversive group, were buried in a mass grave at the General Cemetery of Jauja. These individuals were killed during an armed confrontation with the Peruvian Army on April 28, 1989, in the district of Molinos, …
In May 1989, an armed confrontation took place between the Peruvian Army and members of the MRTA in the district of Molinos, province of Jauja. The confrontation resulted in the death of 6 military personnel and 58 guerrillas, although the MRTA only claimed responsibility for 42 of its dead. This …
Nine people were killed by a column of the MRTA in the town of Yumbatos. The victims were: Emilda Sangama Cahuaza, Wilder Flores Jumpos, Teresa Flores Sangama, Julio Huasi Huasi, Felipe Tapullima Amasifuen, Ricardo Pua Paima, Nilo Tapullima, Clever Huasi Tapullima and Brosvin Huasi Tapullima. The crimes were committed in …
On May 1, 1989, nine people were killed by a column of the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) in the village of Yumbatos. The murders were carried out in retaliation against those who refused to collaborate with the MRTA or were accused of being informants for the government forces. The …
On May 3, 1989, the MRTA took over the towns of Peleje and Papaplaya as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This action was part of the reconstruction process of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA, which had been dismantled after the repression by …
In response to what happened in Molinos, a subversive commando exploded a car bomb in the San Martin barracks, located in the district of Miraflores.
In early May 1989, two units of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) organized a movement towards Uchubamba. One unit, consisting of 15 men, traveled from Pariahuanca to Santo Domingo de Acobamba, while another unit of 22 armed men moved from Cochas - Comas. They met in San Rafael, a …
The Chamber of Deputies unanimously approved the creation of the Council for National Pacification. The objective of this council would be to present to the Executive Power a plan agreed upon with the social forces of the country to confront violence and terrorism. The approval took place in a context …
On May 25, 1989, the MRTA raided Pacaypasa as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. During this operation, the guerrillas captured the president of CORDE-San Martin, Demetrio Tafúr Ruiz. This action was part of a series of incursions carried out by the Northeastern Front of …
An emerretista commando placed a car bomb in the Jauja barracks as part of the retaliatory actions for what happened in Molinos.
The Battle of Los Molinos occurred on 30 May 1989 in the province of Jauja, Peru, involving a confrontation between the Peruvian military and the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). General Enrique Lopez Albujar was killed in an attack by the MRTA, which was later confirmed by Victor Polay Campos. …
In June 1989, the Peruvian Ministry of Defense published the Manual de Ejército Guerra no Convencional Contrasubversión ME 41-7 in Lima. This document provided a comprehensive analysis of the subversive activities of the PCP-SL and the MRTA, detailing their organizational structures, tactics, and objectives. It also outlined the Peruvian military's …
The Minister of Defense, General EP (r) Julio Velásquez Giacarini, announced that the government was preparing a series of actions to confront terrorism. He proposed to the Legislature the enactment of legal provisions to improve the current legislation and the creation of a specific source of financing for the anti-subversive …
The Second Ordinary National Congress of the National Federation of Mining, Metallurgical and Iron and Steel Workers of Peru (FNTMMSP) was held in a highly militarized and radicalized atmosphere. The great majority of the leaders present responded politically to organizations belonging to Izquierda Unida (IU), although there were also representatives …
On June 21, 1989, an ambush on a military patrol in San Alejandro resulted in the deaths of 20 soldiers. This event was part of the broader conflict involving the Peruvian government and insurgent groups such as the MRTA and PCP-SL during a period of intense violence in the region.
On June 25, 1989, Demetrio Tafur, the President of the Corporación Departamental de Desarrollo de San Martín, was kidnapped by members of the MRTA. The kidnapping occurred approximately 65 kilometers from the city of Tarapoto. The MRTA later claimed responsibility and issued demands to the government, including infrastructure improvements and …
MRTA members stopped the vehicle of the President of the Departmental Development Corporation of San Martin, Demetrio Tafur, 65 kilometers from Tarapoto and forced him to get out and drive it to an unknown location. MRTA made demands related to San Martin: approval of budgets for road improvement, payment to …
The MRTA kidnapped the president of the San Martin County, Demetrio Tafur Ruiz, requesting the intervention of the Church to solve this problem. Tafur was released on July 28, through the mediation of the Church. This case shows the mediating role that the Church played in some conflicts with subversive …
Luis Aguilar Romaní, a neighborhood leader and university professor, was assassinated by the PCP-SL in July 1989 in Huancayo. The assassination occurred in the context of intense propaganda and proselytizing by the Shining Path PCP and the MRTA in the human settlements of Huancayo. This crime was part of the …
On July 3, 1989, the MRTA carried out an incursion in the town of Shapaja as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This incursion was part of a series of actions by the Northeastern Front (FNO) during the process of rebuilding the Tupacamarista Army after …
On July 16, 1989, the MRTA prepared an attack on the town of Juanjuí. Apparently, a rondero had managed to warn the Army and its members were able to prepare and confront the attack. In the confrontation, forty bodies were left dead among a large number of subversives, some civilians …
Luis Aguilar Romaní, a professor at the Pedagogy Faculty, who had explicit sympathies with the MRTA, was attacked by three elements who found him in the office of Dean Jaime Cerrón Palomino. They shot him several times, leaving him agonizing, and he died days later. The University Council treated the …
On July 18, 1989, Professor Luis Aguilar Romaní was mortally wounded by alleged Shining Path supporters in the teachers' lounge of the Faculty of Pedagogy of the National University of Central Peru (UNCP). This attack occurred in the context of a bloody struggle between the PCP-SL and the MRTA at …
On 25 July 1989, the PCP-SL took advantage of the MRTA's weakened state to strike a significant blow by assassinating Professor Luis Aguilar. Aguilar was a prominent leader associated with the MRTA and played a key role in the local community. His murder was part of a broader conflict between …
Commander Mario, whose real name was Osler Panduro, was the first General Commander of the Eastern Front (FO) of the MRTA in Ucayali, a position he held between 1988 and 1989. In September 1989, he died of peritonitis. His death generated a major organizational crisis in the Eastern Front that …
In October 1989, Peru experienced significant political violence amidst an electoral campaign. The MRTA kidnapped Héctor Delgado Parker, and several political figures, including mayors and candidates, were assassinated. The province of Huanta saw candidates withdraw due to death threats, and a military operation in Atcas resulted in the disappearance of …
Héctor Delgado Parker, businessman of Channel 5, was kidnapped by the MRTA on October 4, 1989 and held hostage until April 21, 1990. The drama of his kidnapping led to the reinforcement of media self-regulation in the coverage of terrorist acts. This case was one of the most mediatized kidnappings …
Héctor Delgado Parker, former advisor to President Alan García and owner of Producciones Panamericana, was kidnapped around 10:30 a.m. at the intersection of Torres Paz and Enrique Villar, Santa Beatriz. His vehicle was intercepted by a yellow Datsun and a cherry pickup truck. The kidnappers fired machine guns, smashed the …
The Peruvian Congress approved Law 25103, which established the reduction of sentences for persons linked to terrorist acts in cases of collaboration with the authorities. This law was passed during the government of Alan García Pérez, in a context of intensified political violence by the PCP-SL and the MRTA. The …
On October 30, 1989, people dressed in civilian clothes, apparently police officers, entered the annex of San Pedro de Sulcan and painted graffiti in favor of the armed struggle, claiming to be members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). Most of the villagers were at a communal farm located …
On October 30, 1989, individuals disguised as members of the MRTA entered San Pedro de Sulcán, Peru, and attempted to burn alive the local communers. They gathered the remaining residents, mostly elderly and children, and locked them in a church. The plan failed due to a lack of fuel, but …
In November 1989, municipal elections were held in the central region of Peru, in a context of intense political violence. The Armed and Police Forces guaranteed that these elections would be held in almost all voting centers in the region, despite the active presence of the PCP-SL and the MRTA …
In November 1989, an armed group that identified itself as belonging to the MRTA raided the Roncha annex, located in Bajo Cunas. The group tortured and killed three people: Luciano Legua Quinto, Juan Quinto Arana and Damaso Mucha Estrada, accusing them of belonging to the PCP-SL. This event was part …
On November 4, 1989, around 30 heavily armed people with their faces covered with balaclavas took over the district capital of San Juan de Jarpa, entering at various points and shouting "viva viva" to the MRTA. This action was part of a counter-subversive alibi that used the name of the …
In the early hours of November 4, 1989, two vehicles carrying armed individuals entered the district of Pucará. They claimed to be members of the MRTA, detonated bombs, and painted warnings against voting in the upcoming municipal elections. The attackers then targeted individuals they accused of being members of the …
On November 4, 1989, two patrols from the anti-subversive Battalion Inclán of the Peruvian Army entered the district of Pucará in the province of Huancayo. Disguised as members of the subversive group MRTA, they extrajudicially executed eight individuals. This event was investigated by the Commission of Truth and Reconciliation, which …
A group made up of two Army patrols belonging to the Inclán anti-subversive battalion raided the district of Pucará pretending to be members of MRTA. They extrajudicially executed eight people: Paulino Cabezas Cóndor, Raúl Cabezas Cueva, Leoncio Orihuela Medrano, Máximo Pérez Ureta, Gladis Poma Vila, Madeleni Poma Vila, Isauro Valdez …
On November 19, 1989, an armed group of the PCP-SL attacked the facilities of the Pichis Palcazu Special Project (PEPP) in Puerto Bermudez. During the attack, the subversives looted some local stores and stole money deposited in the Agrarian Bank. This action was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to dispute …
On November 19, 1989, an armed group of the PCP-SL attacked the facilities of the Pichis Palcazu Special Project (PEPP) in Puerto Bermudez. During the attack, the subversives looted some local stores and stole money deposited in the Agrarian Bank. This attack took place in a context where the PCP-SL …
Héctor Delgado Parker, president of the board of directors of Panamericana Televisión and former advisor to President Alan García Pérez, was kidnapped by the MRTA on October 4, 1989. After being held captive for more than a month and a half, his strangled body was found in Uchiza on November …
On November 22, 1989, the MRTA took the town of Pacaypasa as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This action was part of the reconstruction process of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA, which had been dismantled after the repression by the Peruvian Army …
In December 1989, the Army destroyed an MRTA camp in Iscozacín, Oxapampa, resulting in the death of 43 alleged subversives. However, there is an alternative version that indicates that most of the victims may have been local farmers and not MRTA members. This event occurred a few days after the …
In December 1989, the Peruvian Army destroyed an MRTA camp in Iscozacin, province of Oxapampa. According to the official version, 43 alleged subversives were killed in the operation. However, there is an alternative version that states that most of the victims could have been local farmers and not MRTA militants. …
Alejandro Calderón, an Asháninka leader, was assassinated in December 1989. His death occurred during a period of heightened political violence in Peru, marked by the activities of groups like the MRTA and PCP-SL. This event contributed to the growing sense of insecurity and vulnerability among the population.
In December 1989, the Asháninka people organized their own army, known as the ovayeriite, in response to the assassination of their leader Alejandro Calderón. Within three months, they successfully expelled the MRTA from the region. The Asháninka army's actions were not only directed against the MRTA but also against colonists, …
In December 1989, the MRTA assassinated Alejandro Calderón, president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), an organization representing 52 native communities along the Pichis River and its tributaries. This assassination was a third major setback for the MRTA, occurring eight months after the Molinos confrontation in Jauja. After the assassination, the …
In December 1989, the Peruvian Army took the El Chaparral camp, which was the most important MRTA base in the Oxapampa area. This military action dispersed MRTA members throughout the region. The capture of the camp occurred in a context where the Asháninka of the Pichis had formed an 'Asháninka …
The MRTA executed Alejandro Calderón, who was president of ANAP (Apatywaka - Nampitsi - Asháninka), an organization of Amazonian indigenous peoples. The execution took place in the province of Chanchamayo, department of Junín. As a direct consequence of this action, the MRTA was forced to completely abandon the area. This …
In the early morning of December 5, 1989, an armed group that identified itself as belonging to the MRTA entered the Usibamba annex. Two community members were violently taken from their homes and disappeared. This operation followed the same pattern used in other localities in the area, where armed groups …
An emerretista detachment executed Alejandro Calderón, president of the ANAP (Apatywaka-Nampitsi-Ashaninka del Pichis) under the accusation that it was he who had handed over Máximo Velando, leader of the MIR, to the forces of law and order in 1965. For a sector of the MRTA leadership it was an act …
Masked and black-clad members of the MRTA assaulted the village of Kirichari during the celebration of the community's anniversary. They seized Alejandro Calderón Espinoza, pinkátzari (chief) and president of ANAP (federation of 52 Asháninka communities of the Pichis valley), and took him against his will to Puerto Bermúdez and Palcazu. …
President Alan Garcia Perez held a ceremony in which he handed over weapons to organized peasants. The ceremony took place after the speeches of the commander called Huayhuaco. This delivery of weapons was part of a government strategy in the context of the anti-subversive struggle. The event took place at …
Military patrols located and attacked an MRTA camp in a spot in the district of Iscozacin, located in the province of Oxapampa. The Army reported that 48 guerrillas and one soldier were killed during the confrontation. The subversive command did not reinforce the surveillance nor did they elaborate a defense …
On December 17, 1989, near Puerto Victoria in the district of Puerto Bermudez, in territory of the Yanesha ethnic group, an Army patrol located and attacked an MRTA camp. According to the official report, 43 subversives and one soldier were killed. This attack was part of a series of military …
On December 17, 1989, near Puerto Victoria in the district of Puerto Bermúdez, a patrol of the Peruvian Army located and attacked a subversive camp of the MRTA, resulting in numerous casualties. The confrontation occurred in the area known as 'El Chaparral' in Iscozacin, district of Palcazu, leading to the …
On December 17, 1989, near Puerto Victoria, in the territory of the Yanesha ethnic group, an Army patrol located and attacked a subversive camp of the MRTA, causing numerous casualties while others fled the area. An Army communiqué informed that the confrontation took place exactly in the area known as …
On December 17, 1989, the Peruvian Army ambushed a camp of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) near Puerto Bermudez, in the province of Oxapampa. This military action was part of the counter-subversive operations carried out by the Armed Forces against insurgent groups in different areas of the country. The …
On December 17, 1989, near Puerto Victoria in Yanesha territory, an Army patrol located and attacked an MRTA subversive camp, causing numerous casualties while others fled the area. An Army communiqué informed that the confrontation took place exactly in the area known as 'El Chaparral', located in Iscozacin, district of …
Peruvian President Alan García Pérez made a historic visit to Ecuador on December 17, 1989, becoming the first Peruvian head of state to visit that country. This visit took place in a context of bilateral relations between Peru and Ecuador, countries that had historically maintained border tensions. The trip represented …
On December 24, 1989, the MRTA carried out simultaneous raids in several cities in the department of San Martin as part of its Fernando Valladares Military Campaign. This campaign was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. Actions included the capture of …
On December 24, 1989, the MRTA took the city of Juanjuí as part of the Fernando Valladares Military Campaign. This operation was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. The action in Juanjuí was coordinated with simultaneous incursions in other cities of …
In 1989, the MRTA launched a new offensive in the San Martín region, capturing several localities including Juanjuí and conducting simultaneous incursions in Tarapoto, Saposoa, Moyobamba, and Rioja on December 24. This was part of the MRTA's Military Campaign Fernando Valladares, aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed …
In the first days of January 1990, an undetermined number of Ashaninka, which according to the CVR report could have reached 2,500 natives, armed mostly with bows, arrows, and some hunting shotguns, took over the town of Puerto Bermudez. The Ashaninka people removed villagers from their homes in search of …
The MRTA made a second incursion into the Cashibo community of Mariscal Caceres shortly before the 1990 elections. This was the second time the subversive group visited the community, the first being in June 1989. During this incursion, the MRTA again attempted to organize the native population and persuade them …
Between 1990 and 1993, the Territorial Army (TE) of the Eastern Front (FO) of the MRTA experienced a progressive disconnection with the Regional Directorate (DR) and faced scarce logistical support from the city. This situation caused the gradual abandonment of military contingents. Although between 1988 and 1990 the FO ET …
During his captivity, businessman Héctor Delgado was subjected to a 'popular trial' by the MRTA, accused of corruption in the purchase of Mirage aircraft by the government of Alan García and of orchestrating a psychological warfare campaign against the MRTA. The trial was conducted by revolutionary tribunals led by members …
The Peruvian Navy carried out an ambush against MRTA militants in the Boca del Pachitea area. This military action resulted in the death of several young men who were part of the Territorial Army of the Eastern Front of MRTA. The event occurred in the context of counter-subversive operations carried …
In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and demanded demands that the people did not want to comply with. Faced with this situation, the MRTA faced two options: to carry out a massacre or to withdraw without defeat. Ricardo opted to apologize for …
Between 1990 and 1992, the MRTA lost support from the local population due to the abuse of the quotas they used to extort money from the few remaining businessmen in the region and, in general, to the criminal practices that many of their hastily recruited militia members had engaged in. …
Between 1990 and 1992, the MRTA significantly lost the support of the local population in San Martin due to multiple factors. The main one was the abuse of the quotas with which they extorted money from the few remaining businessmen in the region. In addition, many of their hastily recruited …
MRTA established the Caynarachi-Shanusi military detachment in 1990 as part of its territorial control structure in the department of San Martin. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the Northeastern Front, with an area of influence in the Pongo de Caynarachi. The detachment operated in …
In 1990, the MRTA established the Roberto Perez military detachment in Yurimaguas as part of the expansion and decentralization of the Tupacamarista Army in the Northeastern Front. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San Martin, with a specific area of influence …
The MRTA established the Huallaga Central military detachment in 1990 as part of its organizational structure in the department of San Martin. This detachment, called Alcides Reátegui, had the towns of Chazuta, Picota and Bellavista as its area of influence. It was part of the eight zones controlled by the …
In 1990, the MRTA established the Bajo Huallaga military detachment as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment had as its area of influence the province of San Martin. It was part of a system of eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San …
In 1990, the MRTA set up the Alto Mayo military detachment as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment, called Wenceslao Saboya, had as its area of influence the provinces of Moyobamba and Rioja in the department of San Martin. It was part of the eight …
Comandante Evaristo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin during the period 1990-1992. As military chief of the FNO, Evaristo was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief. His leadership …
Commander Ricardo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1990. His command period was brief, being part of a succession of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press …
The PCP-SL maintained a stranglehold on the northern zone of Tocache until the mid-1990s, with a palpable influence until 1999. This area included towns and hamlets such as Bambamarca, Nuevo Horizonte, Escote and Santa Rosa de Mishollo, which had been organized by the PCP-SL in late 1986 and early 1987. …
Since 1990, indigenous organizations in the region such as CECONSEC (Central de Comunidades Nativas de la Selva Central) and FECONACA (Federación de Comunidades Nativas Campa) promoted the organization of Rondas or Asháninka Self-Defense Committees. This initiative arose in a context of generalized violence in the Central Jungle, where both the …
In 1990, in the Tsiriari valley, Mazamari district, some colonist communities had some sympathy for the MRTA, as they offered them protection from PCP-SL. In the colonist community Dos de Mayo, MC, who had previously sympathized with PCP-SL, decided to support MRTA after returning from Huancayo in 1990. Upon returning …
In 1990, in the Tsiriari valley, Mazamari district, some colonist communities developed some sympathy for the MRTA, since this group offered them protection from the PCP-SL. In the colonist community of Dos de Mayo, a villager named MC, who had previously sympathized with PCP-SL, decided to support the MRTA after …
The MRTA carried out an attack against the municipality of San Martin de Porres in 1990. This attack took place in a context of political violence in the Northern Zone of Metropolitan Lima, where both the MRTA and the PCP-SL carried out actions against local authorities and representatives of the …
In 1990, the PCP-SL managed to place 11 of its militants in the Assembly of the University of the Center, leading to an intense internal conflict marked by violent clashes with the MRTA. This struggle for control resulted in numerous casualties among faculty, students, and staff. The situation was exacerbated …
In early January 1990, the Asháninka people, led by Alcides Calderón, mobilized an army in response to the assassination of Alejandro Calderón by MRTA militants. The Asháninka took control of Puerto Bermúdez, targeting those suspected of collaborating with the MRTA. The uprising led to violence against colonists, including killings and …
In 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) expanded its influence in various regions of Peru, establishing zones of control where their military detachments could operate freely. These areas included provinces such as Moyobamba, Rioja, Lamas, San Martín, Chazuta, Picota, Bellavista, El Dorado, Saposoa, Yurimaguas, and others. The MRTA's activities …
In 1990, in the community of Dos de Mayo in Mazamari, three men were accused of being members of the PCP-SL due to their lack of documentation. A group of ronderos took them under the pretense of bringing them to the Comandancia of Mazamari, but instead, they were murdered and …
General Enrique López Albujar was assassinated by a commando of the MRTA in Lima in January 1990. The MRTA justified the assassination by claiming that López Albujar had ordered the execution of wounded and surrendered MRTA members. This event reflects the intense conflict and human rights violations occurring in Peru …
During 1990, Peruvian law enforcement forces suffered 138 fatal casualties in the fight against armed subversion, which represents 8.2% of the total number of casualties of law enforcement forces during the entire conflict. Of these casualties, 93 corresponded to the Armed Forces (mainly the Army) and 45 to the Police …
In 1990, 534 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 260 victims, State Agents for 161, CADS for 21, MRTA for 35, and 57 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
In 1990, 1,059 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 673 victims, State Agents for 244, CADS for 49, MRTA for 9, and 84 cases were attributed to undetermined or other perpetrators.
An 11-year-old girl was recruited by the MRTA. The subversives taught her how to grab weapons and kill guards without being felt. They told her that if the military showed up, she had to kill them, and if she couldn't, she had to fight. There was no difference between male …
The MRTA forcibly recruited the 14-year-old brother of one affiant, along with other children from the village aged 15, 16 and 17. They promised to pay around 200 soles a month but never delivered. When one young man tried to escape, they beat him badly and when they caught up …
A boy of about 10 years old was kidnapped by the MRTA. There were minors even younger than him. The subversives said that it is better to be a minor than an adult. That day they had taken 4, 5 or 6 children. They used them for spying. They trained …
A 16-year-old minor witness recounts the rapes she suffered during the time she was recruited by the MRTA. A member of the MRTA told her they were going to talk, made her sit down and forcibly grabbed her saying he wanted to be with her. When she refused, he crushed …
General Enrique Lopez Albujar, who served as defense minister, was assassinated by an MRTA commando in Lima in January 1990. The MRTA justified his assassination by claiming that Lopez Albujar had ordered the 'repassing' of the wounded and the killing of surrendered guerrillas during the Molinos confrontation in April 1989. …
In January 1990, the MRTA assassinated General Enrique López Albújar in San Isidro. López Albújar was a former Peruvian Minister of Defense. This assassination occurred on the eve of the 1990 presidential elections, in a context of escalating political violence in the capital. The attack was part of a series …
In the first days of January 1990, between 2,000 and 2,500 native Ashaninka settled in Puerto Bermudez, armed mainly with bows, arrows and some hunting shotguns. On January 29, 1990, a large contingent of Asháninkas entered Ciudad Constitución. This uprising, known as the "Asháninka Army", was a response to the …
In the early months of 1990, during the government of the APRA party, the Special Intelligence Group (GEIN) was created to focus on monitoring the leadership of subversive groups in Peru. Despite initial setbacks, such as narrowly missing the capture of Abimael Guzmán in June of that year, the GEIN's …
In 1990, the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) decided to unilaterally suspend military actions against the Peruvian government and the APRA party. This move was intended to demonstrate flexibility and a willingness to engage in dialogue to avoid further bloodshed. Despite their efforts, the government's response was negative, and the …
The MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) orchestrated a prison break from Canto Grande prison in Peru. This event was part of a larger strategy to free imprisoned members and was inspired by similar actions by the Tupamaros in Uruguay. The escape was documented in books published shortly after, highlighting the …
In 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) escalated its violent activities in Peru. In January, they assassinated former Defense Minister Enrique López Albújar. On July 9, they orchestrated a prison break from Miguel Castro Castro, freeing 47 members, including leaders Víctor Polay Campos and Alberto Gálvez Olaechea. This period …
In the late 20th century, Peruvian universities experienced a significant influence from authoritarian pedagogical methods, which contributed to the ideological and political reproduction of groups like the PCP-SL and MRTA. These methods, characterized by a traditional and authoritative approach to education, were prevalent in courses that offered schematic explanations and …
In early January 1990, a group of Asháninka people, estimated to be between 2000 and 2500, took control of Puerto Bermúdez, Peru. They were armed with bows, arrows, and some hunting rifles, and established strict control over the population, suspecting them of collaborating with the MRTA subversives. This led to …
In 1990, the local leadership of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) in the Huallaga region of Peru became involved in drug trafficking by charging fees for drug flights. This involvement was coordinated with the military to control narcotics operations. The MRTA also committed human rights abuses, including the killings …
On January 5, 1990, the Asháninka people, led by Alcides Calderón, organized an armed group known as the 'Ejército Asháninka' to retaliate against the MRTA for the kidnapping and presumed murder of Alejandro Calderón. The group marched on Puerto Bermúdez, capturing the city and executing suspected MRTA members and collaborators. …
The Asháninka Army, made up of between 2,000 and 2,500 natives under the command of Alcides Calderón (son of Alejandro Calderón), marched on Puerto Bermúdez to demand the surrender of MRTA members. They took the city without resistance from the local authorities (mayor Evaristo Zumarán, judge Jorge Camacho and lieutenant …
General (r) Enrique López Albújar Trint, former Minister of Defense of Alan García's government, was ambushed by three guerrillas who riddled him with bullets while he was driving his car without the members of his personal security. According to Victor Polay Campos, it was an agreement and decision of a …
On January 29, 1990, a large contingent of Asháninka entered Ciudad Constitución, armed with bows, arrows and shotguns, in search of presumed MRTA members. This entry was part of a larger Asháninka uprising that had begun in the first days of January 1990, when an undetermined number of Asháninka (which …
On January 30, 1990, approximately 500 Asháninkas launched an incursion into the town of Ciudad Constitución, which had been significantly depopulated due to threats of invasion by native communities. The attackers gathered the townspeople in the street, conducted a widespread looting, and subjected the population to servitude, forcing them to …
Approximately 500 Asháninka from the Asháninka Army carried out an action similar to that of Puerto Bermúdez in Ciudad Constitución. They took the city and executed reprisals against alleged MRTA members and collaborators, in the context of revenge for the kidnapping of Alejandro Calderon.
The second indefinite general strike of February and March 1990 in San Martin was under the leadership of FEDIP-SM with the participation of leaders and militants of the mass work of the peasantry and the MRTA, in addition to the direct support of the Tupacamarista Army. The center of the …
Commander Roberto (whose real name was Rodrigo Galvez) died on February 9, 1990. That same day, the MRTA took the town of Picota. After his death, the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA took his name as a tribute. In April 1990, after Roberto's death, Commander Evaristo entrusted the command …
On February 9, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the MRTA took the town of Picota in the department of San Martin. This military action was part of a series of seizures and raids carried out by the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA during 1990, when the organization had …
On the night of February 19, 1990, a group of people with their faces covered with balaclavas and armed with rifles took the capital of the Cochas district, presenting themselves to the population as MRTA militants. One of the hooded men read out a list of names, among them Cirilo …
In March 1990, the Asháninka people successfully expelled the MRTA from their territory. However, the expulsion did not end the violence in the region. By late 1991, the PCP-SL began incursions, leading to further violence and economic disruption, prompting local communities and organizations to form self-defense groups.
In March 1990, some sectors of radicalized PCP-Unidad militants, led by Andrés Sosa Chanamé, left their ranks and joined the Popular Revolutionary Bloc. Others organized themselves in the clandestine Patriotic Liberation Front (FPL), which later joined the MRTA.
In March 1990, the 'Asháninka army' ended its work by expelling the MRTA from its territory in Oxapampa province. This army had been formed in response to the assassination of three Asháninka leaders at the end of 1989 by MRTA, among them Alejandro Calderón, pinkátzari (great chief) and president of …
On March 18, 1990, the "Ashaninka Army" disbanded, stating that it had completed its mission. This dissolution occurred months after the December 1989 assassination of Alejandro Calderón, president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), an organization representing 52 native communities of the Pichis River and its tributaries. The MRTA had withdrawn …
In November 1989 municipal elections were held, and in April and June 1990 presidential elections were held in the central region. The Armed and Police Forces guaranteed that these elections were held in almost all the voting centers in the region, despite the context of political violence in the area. …
Alberto Fujimori wins the presidential elections with 62% of the votes. This electoral triumph occurred in a context of serious economic crisis, generalized political violence and the growing presence of subversive groups in Metropolitan Lima. The elections took place when the PCP-SL and the MRTA intensified their actions in the …
MRTA attacked a military van, killing a captain and two soldiers. In response, two leaders of the Agrarian Federation were assassinated.
MRTA broadcast a proclamation on Channel 5 television on April 18, 1990, in which it declared "total war on the democratic system" and called on the population to vote in the second round of elections. This broadcast was part of the MRTA's demands to free Héctor Delgado Parker, president of …
The MRTA attacked the police post of Chupaca in the province of Huancayo. This was one of the actions of the emerretista presence in the Central region in 1990.
On April 27, 1990, approximately sixty MRTA members attacked the police post in the district of Chupaca, located 12 kilometers away. This was the last major MRTA action in the Mantaro Valley. The attack lasted two hours, after which the attackers withdrew, suffering two casualties. This action took place a …
On May 14, 1990, the MRTA took the town of Saposoa as part of a series of spectacular armed actions carried out by the Northeastern Front. For this operation, between 300 and 400 men of the Tupacamarista Army were previously assembled. This action was part of a period of intense …
The MRTA carried out an incursion into the town of Bellavista as part of its military actions during 1990. This incursion was part of a series of operations by the Northeastern Front (FNO) that included takeovers and attacks on police posts in various localities in the department of San Martin. …
In June 1990, the Army and the police entered the National University of Central Peru (UNCP) and arrested more than a hundred students suspected of being subversives. This intervention took place in the context of the struggle between the PCP-SL and the MRTA at the university, which had reached bloody …
In June 1990, second round presidential elections were held in the central region of Peru. The Armed and Police Forces guaranteed that these elections were held in almost all the voting centers in the region, despite the context of political violence generated by the PCP-SL and the MRTA. These elections …
Escape of MRTA leaders from Castro Castro prison. After this escape, the MRTA attempted a dialogue with the government through the kidnapping of a pro-Fujimori congressman, but was rejected. The organization subsequently concluded that its priority should be to rebuild its national leadership through the release of the imprisoned leaders.
In July 1990, armed confrontations took place between the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) in the Ledoy area, department of San Martin. These battles between both subversive organizations left dozens of people dead. The confrontation took place in the context …
On July 5, 1990, the MRTA raided the city of Yurimaguas with 95 armed men. During this operation, the insurgents attacked the local prison and freed the prisoners held there. This action was part of a period of intense MRTA activity, which included confrontations with the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the …
The MRTA raided the city of Yurimaguas with 95 armed men who attacked the Navy base and the police post in two groups, forcing the few troops to surrender and freeing prisoners in the local jail. While one group held a rally, another group opened the doors of the commercial …
On July 9, 1990, 47 members of the MRTA, including leaders and militants, escaped from prison through a 332-meter tunnel they had been constructing since 1987. This escape brought the MRTA back into the national spotlight and strengthened their organization by reintegrating key figures. However, it also led to internal …
On July 9, 1990, a significant escape occurred when 47 prisoners from the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) managed to flee from the Penal Castro Castro through a tunnel. This escape included all the important leaders captured up to that date, except for Cárdenas, who was released shortly after his …
On July 9, 1990, 47 MRTA prisoners escaped from Castro Castro prison through a tunnel. Among the escapees were Víctor Polay Campos and Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, two of the main leaders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. This mass escape represented a significant blow to prison security in the country. …
On July 9, 1990, 49 MRTA inmates managed to escape from a prison, reflecting the serious insecurity of the Peruvian prison system and the mismanagement of prisons during that period.
The greatest success of the subversives in this period was the escape of 47 MRTA prisoners from the Castro Castro high security prison through a tunnel. This occurred on July 9, just days before the change of government. The acts of violence continued to strike the conscience of the population …
On July 9, 1990, 47 MRTA prisoners escaped from Castro Castro Prison through a tunnel. This group included all the important leaders captured to date, with the exception of Peter Cárdenas, who was released shortly after his capture. This escape represented a serious setback for counter-subversive efforts, since the captures …
On July 12, 1990, there was an escape from the Canto Grande maximum security prison in Lima. Among the escapees was Víctor Polay Campos, alias 'Rolando', leader of the MRTA. The guerrillas who escaped from this prison later joined the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin, reinforcing …
On July 22, 1990, the Central de Comunidades Nativas de la Selva Central (CECONSEC) issued a public communiqué entitled "La autodefensa y autonomía asháninka exigen respeto" (Asháninka self-defense and autonomy demand respect). This communiqué appeared in a context of intensifying political violence in the Amazon region, where both the PCP-SL …
In order to take the city of Yurimaguas, the MRTA concentrated in Chazuta the detachments located in Yurimaguas, Central Huallaga and Alto Mayo. The subversives began the attack on the police posts and the CRAS. The police posts were the first to fall into the hands of the guerrillas who …
The MRTA held its Third Central Unity Committee in August 1990, after the spectacular escape of 47 prisoners from the Castro Castro prison in July, including its main leaders Víctor Polay Campos and Alberto Gálvez Olaechea. In this committee, the organization and its military plans were adjusted, taking into account …
On August 14, 1990, a car bomb exploded, killing one person and injuring 18 in the city of Puno. The day after the attack, the owner of the vehicle used in the attack, former police sergeant Melitón Candia Guzmán, was found dead. This attack occurred in the context of the …
On August 16, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA took the city of Moyobamba with approximately 300 subversives. This action was part of a series of spectacular armed operations carried out during 1990, when the FNO had managed to increase its strength to 500 …
In September 1990, during the III Central Committee of Unity, the MRTA leadership was reshuffled, leading to tensions with its ally, MIR-VR. The MRTA's militaristic approach caused a rift, weakening the alliance. Subsequently, an internal conflict led to a military setback when MRTA forces, led by 'c' Antonio, pursued 'c' …
The III Central Unity Committee was a crucial event in the history of the MRTA held in September 1990. In this committee, the MRTA cadres headed by Victor Polay assumed the leadership of the movement at the national level. This event marked a significant change in MRTA's strategy, since a …
The Executive President of Cementos Lima S.A., Víctor De La Torre Romero, was kidnapped around noon on his way to his workplace in San Isidro. A car without license plates blocked the way to his truck and several armed members of the MRTA descended from another truck, brutally beat the …
On September 11, 1990, Víctor De La Torre Romero, the Executive President of Cementos Lima S.A., was kidnapped in San Borja, Lima by armed members of the MRTA. The kidnappers blocked his vehicle and forcibly removed him, later demanding a ransom and distribution of food in impoverished areas for his …
The congressman and president of the Cambio 90 parliamentary team, Gerardo Lopez Quiroz, was kidnapped at his home in Villa El Salvador by three MRTA members who falsely identified themselves as messengers. He was held at gunpoint with machine guns and forced by blows into a pickup truck. His whereabouts …
On 23 September 1990, Gerardo López Quiroz, a deputy and president of the parliamentary team 'Cambio 90', was kidnapped from his home in Villa El Salvador, Lima. The kidnapping was carried out by three members of the MRTA, who posed as messengers from the Secretary General of the Community Autogestionaria …
Angel Luis Huaynate, a student of Pedagogy, was found dead with signs of torture: burns on one cheek, hands tied, eyes covered with green bandage, gunshot wound in the heart and two more wounds in the head. Edson Espinoza Tueros, a 5th year student of Pedagogy, died with him. The …
Professor Roberto Aguirre Palomino was assassinated. The MRTA claimed responsibility for this assassination as a response to the death of Professor Luis Aguilar. On October 19, the MRTA posted on the walls of the university a 'black list' with 44 names of professors and students identified as Shining Path members, …
In November 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) began to charge fees for drug flights departing from areas under their control in San Martín, Peru. This decision was made during their III Central Committee of Unity in September 1990, as a means to fund their military activities. The arrangement …
On November 3, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA raided Pacaysapa. This action was part of a series of spectacular military operations carried out by the MRTA during 1990, when the Northeastern Front had managed to reconstitute itself and expand significantly, reaching five hundred combatants …
On November 5, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA carried out an incursion in Nueva Cajamarca. This action was part of a series of military operations carried out by the MRTA during the second half of 1990, when the organization had managed to reconstitute …
Ricardo, commander of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA, was captured for the second time in Iquitos on November 12, 1990. This capture occurred shortly after the III Central Unity Committee decided in September 1990 to name Evaristo as general commander of the FNO, relegating Ricardo from his leadership position. …
Congressman Alejandro Victoria Mendoza, a member of the Cambio 90 party, was assassinated in the district of Ate Vitarte, Lima. This crime took place in the context of an escalation of political violence in the Peruvian capital, where both the PCP-SL and the MRTA were intensifying their actions against authorities …
In 1991, the MRTA reorganized a column in Pariahuanca that carried out sporadic incursions into villages in the area. This reorganization occurred in a context where both the MRTA and the PCP-SL were practically defeated by the end of 1992, although they maintained some limited operational capacity. The district of …
In 1991, the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) launched a series of coordinated attacks across various regions in Peru. These attacks were part of a campaign named 'Fernando Valladares... con tu ejemplo venceremos' and targeted multiple locations, including Saposoa, Rioja, Moyobamba, and several police and military posts. The campaign culminated …
In 1991, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) aimed to expand its influence in the eastern part of the Puno department in Peru. On May 3, 1991, an armed group from the MRTA took over the town of San Juan del Oro in the province of Sandia and held a …
In 1991, under the direction of General Héctor Jhon Caro, the DIRCOTE in Peru formed a special group called the Brigada Especial de Detectives (BREDET) to enhance efforts against subversive groups. This initiative was led by Javier Palacios, who sought economic support from the U.S. Department of State. BREDET utilized …
In the early 1990s, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) had a significant influence over the MRTA in Northern Lima, Peru. The organization established a military and political presence across various districts, including Carabayllo, where former members continued to reside even after stepping down from leadership roles. By 1991, areas like San …
In 1991, 486 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 168 victims, State Agents for 200, the CADS for 15, the MRTA for 42, and 61 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
In 1991, 801 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 519 victims, State Agents for 190, CADS for 29, MRTA for 8, and 55 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
The MRTA forcibly recruited two sons, 17 and 18 years old. The young men were constantly threatened, the subversives would appear at the house night and day telling them that if they did not go with them, their lives would not be safe. Out of fear, they had to follow …
In 1991, Lucas Cachay acknowledged the challenges in forming a viable political proposal for the MRTA. The MRTA engaged in coordinated military actions, including city takeovers, where they distracted police forces, destroyed properties, and held Popular Assemblies to explain their armed struggle. They also distributed stolen food to the population …
In 1991, MRTA subversives arrived at the annex of La Florida in the district of Perene. The subversives would look for women to cook for them and support their activities. This pattern of behavior was part of the MRTA's actions in the Chanchamayo area during the internal armed conflict. Women …
The Regional Directorate (DR) of the Eastern Front of the MRTA continued its operations in Ucayali during 1991, although with limited political and military relevance after the events of February 9, 1989, which disarticulated the peasant, popular and political movements in the region. The organization's work remained active until 1991, …
In the early 1990s, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) and PCP-SL (Shining Path) were involved in the CUAVES project, a socialist initiative. The MRTA respected and actively participated in the CUAVES, while the PCP-SL sought to dominate it. In 1991, tensions escalated, leading to violent incidents, including the assassination …
The I Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in Shapaja in 1991, marking an important milestone in the organization of the peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. During this meeting, by unanimous decision of the participants, the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM) was elected …
In 1991, the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA initiated the 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign', whose objective was to criticize the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. During this campaign they carried out some important military actions, highlighting the simultaneous incursion on May 10 in …
During the conflict between the MRTA and PCP-SL, human rights violations, including sexual violence, were reported. A testimony describes the capture, sexual assault, and murder of a female PCP-SL member by MRTA members following a confrontation. The incident highlights the brutal tactics used by subversive groups during this period.
At the end of 1991, a PCP-SL column appeared in the province of Oxapampa and began to carry out incursions into peasant communities and annexes. This column carried out "ajusticiamiento" actions and cruelly murdered numerous peasants in the area. The appearance of this Shining Path column occurred after the "Asháninka …
In mid-1991, the MRTA managed to form some armed detachments in the towns of Pariahuanca and Santo Domingo de Acobamba. These detachments operated in the area until 1993, as part of the MRTA's efforts to maintain a presence in the Mantaro valley after having been hit hard in previous years. …
In mid-1991, the MRTA subversives managed to form some armed detachments in the towns of Pariahuanca and Santo Domingo de Acobamba. These detachments operated in the area until 1993. This formation of detachments occurred after the MRTA suffered important defeats in the Mantaro valley, particularly after the confrontation in Pampa …
During 1991, 1992 and 1993, the MRTA suffered heavy repression in the urban areas of the department of Junín, particularly in Huancayo. Many student members of the MRTA disappeared in simultaneous disappearances. The situation worsened with the enactment of the Repentance Law, at which time many good cadres from the …
In 1991, a sector of the so-called "cuavistas" - many of them MRTA sympathizers - forged a tactical alliance with leaders sympathetic to the PCP-SL to remove the secretary general of CUAVES (Comunidad Urbana Autogestionaria de Villa El Salvador), Roque Quispe. This action demonstrated the growing influence of the PCP-SL …
The MRTA took over the town of Moho in the province of Moho, department of Puno, during 1991. This action was part of the MRTA's presence in the provinces of Sandia and Moho, where the subversive group managed to establish itself during this period. The seizure of Moho was one …
In 1991, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) conducted multiple incursions into the village of Grau in the San Martín region of Peru. They coerced the local population and authorities into attending meetings where they engaged in propaganda and issued threats of violence against non-compliance. The situation escalated to the …
In June 1990, the Army and the police entered the UNCP and arrested more than a hundred students suspected of being subversives. In the following months they carried out similar operations until 1991 when the Army took control of the university. This process took place in the context of the …
Lucero Cumpa, leader of the MRTA, was recaptured in March 1991 by members of the DINCOTE in the Lima district of Magdalena del Mar. On March 11, in one of the most impressive and violent actions carried out by an MRTA commando in Lima, Lucero Cumpa was rescued while being …
Members of DIRCOTE captured Lucero Cumpa Miranda, MRTA leader, in the Lima district of Magdalena del Mar. This was her second capture, as she had previously been rescued on March 11 by a violent action of MRTA while she was being transferred to the Judicial Power. The rescue of Cumpa …
On March 11, 1991, an MRTA commando carried out one of the most impressive and violent actions in Lima to rescue Lucero Cumpa Miranda. The MRTA leader was being transferred to the Judicial Power along with Nelly Evans Risco, a member of the PCP-SL, in a truck belonging to the …
Lucero Cumpa, leader of the MRTA, was recaptured in March 1991 by members of the DINCOTE in the Lima district of Magdalena del Mar. On March 11, in one of the most impressive and violent actions carried out by an MRTA commando in Lima, Lucero Cumpa was rescued while being …
General EP (r) Adolfo Alvarado Fournier was replaced as Minister of the Interior by General EP (r) Víctor Malca Villanueva on March 15, 1991. This ministerial change came about as a consequence of two critical events that generated political pressure: the letter bomb attack against Augusto Zúñiga Paz, a COMISEDH …
A group of the MRTA took over the San Martin de Porres temple in Lima and called for armed struggle. This takeover of the temple was a propaganda action of the MRTA to spread its political message and to call the population to join the armed struggle.
In May 1991, following a contentious visit by President Fujimori, La UNE was militarily intervened. A military base was established on the university campus, leading to strict military control, including a curfew. This intervention was part of a broader counter-subversive strategy aimed at dismantling the leadership of the PCP-SL and …
Through Supreme Decree 024-91-DE/SGP, the Peruvian government extended the state of emergency for a sixty-day period beginning May 9, 1991 in the provinces of Chumbivilcas, Canas, Espinar and Canchis, located in the department of Cuzco, in the context of the Alberto Fujimori government's counter-subversive struggle against the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and …
Numerous MRTA elements simultaneously attacked police posts and public premises in four cities in the department of San Martin: Saposoa, Tarapoto, Rioja and Moyobamba. During these coordinated attacks, MRTA members kidnapped nine policemen. These attacks were part of an MRTA offensive in the Amazon region of the country.
Numerous elements of the MRTA attacked police stations and public buildings in the towns of Saposoa, Tarapoto, Rioja, and Moyobamba. During these attacks, nine police officers were kidnapped. In response to the violence, a curfew was declared in the city starting from six in the evening two days later.
On May 10, 1991, the MRTA carried out simultaneous armed incursions in five cities in the department of San Martin as part of the 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign'. This campaign was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by Alberto Fujimori's government. The military actions were executed in …
In June 1991, a group of former members of the MRTA, including Orestes Dávila Torres and Andrés Sosa Chanamé, left the organization to form the Fuerzas Guerrilleras Populares (FGP). This split occurred after Dávila Torres, once a key figure in the MRTA, was relegated to a secondary role, prompting his …
On November 10, 1991, the Senate Human Rights Commission summoned former Ministers of the Interior and Defense, Generals Juan Briones Davila and Victor Malca Villanueva, to report on the Barrios Altos massacre. The ministers presented three hypotheses about the perpetrators (Shining Path, MRTA or outside organizations) but categorically denied the …
In late 1991, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) attempted a significant operation to take over the town of Pichanaki in the Chanchamayo province of Peru. Despite deploying all available resources and personnel, the operation was unsuccessful. Subsequently, in January 1992, a nearby MRTA camp was destroyed by the Peruvian …
The MRTA, having reconstituted itself after its defeat at Molinos in 1989, decided to carry out large-scale actions. On December 1, 1991, it attempted to take the town of Pichanaki but failed. This failure was followed by other setbacks for the organization in the area. In January 1992, one of …
Between December 1991 and January 1992, police and military forces launched a counter-offensive that succeeded in dismantling the MRTA column in the department of Cuzco. This operation took place after the MRTA made its appearance in the department by attacking the Ollantaytambo police post in the province of Urubamba on …
Hory Chlimper Halfin, main shareholder of the Farmaindustria and Droguerías Kahan laboratories, was kidnapped at 9:00 a.m. when he arrived at his office in Lince. Three MRTA cars participated in the operation. They grabbed him from behind, beat him over the head, tied him up and threw him in the …
On December 3, 1991, Hory Chlimper Halfin, a principal shareholder of Farmaindustria and Droguerías Kahan, was kidnapped by members of the MRTA. The abduction occurred at his workplace in Lince, Lima, as he was intercepted by armed assailants. The kidnappers used multiple vehicles and weapons to execute the operation, and …
Four MRTA subversives were killed in Cedroccasa, district of Vilcabamba. This fact shows the presence of MRTA in the Cuzco region and the confrontations with the forces of law and order.
On December 21, 1991, there was an armed confrontation between law enforcement forces and MRTA militants in Cedroccasa, district of Vilcabamba, province of La Convención, in which four MRTA militants died. In this confrontation, four MRTA militants were killed. This was a definitive blow to the front that MRTA had …
The MRTA carried out the second takeover of Juanjui as part of the 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign', whose publicized objective was to criticize the economic and political conditions imposed by Alberto Fujimori's government. This action was part of simultaneous incursions in Tarapoto, Saposoa, Moyobamba and Rioja.
On 24 December 1991, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) executed the second Toma de Juanjui as part of their 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign'. This campaign aimed to criticize the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. The MRTA also conducted simultaneous incursions in Tarapoto, Saposoa, …
On December 24, 1991, the MRTA carried out a second takeover of the town of Juanjui under the command of (c) Rolando, who had escaped from prison in July 1990, and (c) Evaristo. At five o'clock in the morning, the MRTA momentarily controlled Juanjui with the seizure of the police …
In January 1992, the province of Huaura in Lima, Peru, was declared in a state of emergency due to the presence of subversive groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA. The region experienced numerous attacks, with 126 actions recorded from January 1991 to June 1992. The state of emergency was extended …
In January 1992, the MRTA attempted to take the town of Pichanaki but failed. However, they successfully attacked Pichanaki later that year, and on May 1, 1992, around 100 subversives attacked and destroyed the counter-subversive base in Villa Rica, Oxapampa. The Peruvian Army responded, leading to a series of confrontations, …
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Peruvian government intensified its counterinsurgency operations against subversive groups, including the MRTA and PCP-SL. The MRTA, despite having well-trained combatants and support from local bases, faced strategic challenges and was significantly weakened by both the PCP-SL and the Peruvian Armed Forces. In …
In 1992, following persistent social mobilizations led by FEDIP-SM, the government of President Alberto Fujimori enacted the law establishing the San Martín Region. In response, Lucas Cachay proposed a plan to strengthen the MRTA's presence in civil society, which was met with threats from the MRTA due to differing views …
In January 1992, a faction led by (c) Ricardo broke away from the MRTA to form a new guerrilla group named 'Alcides Reátegui' in the Huallaga Central region. This decision was driven by strategic and ideological differences, particularly opposition to the MRTA's increasingly militaristic and violent tactics. The split led …
The Peruvian State implemented a series of legal measures to combat terrorism, particularly targeting groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA. This included the introduction of new anti-terrorism legislation starting in 1992, which had significant implications for human rights, affecting both innocent individuals and those guilty of crimes. The report by …
In 1992, violence reached its highest peak in central Peru. Dynamite bombings, blackouts, sabotage, assassinations, disappearances, extrajudicial executions, arbitrary detentions and guerrilla fighting became daily occurrences. Fear and anxiety gripped the population throughout the region. Among the most serious events of that year were the Ulcumayo massacre on February 8, …
MRTA had a strong presence in Aucayacu between 1986 and 1989, operating in the urban area during this period. However, in 1992 the MRTA was totally eliminated from Aucayacu. This event marked the end of the MRTA presence in this locality of Alto Huallaga, a strategic zone because of its …
Comandante Esther assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1992-1993. The FNO commander was the military chief of the organization in the region and was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
After constant social mobilizations promoted by FEDIP-SM (Frente de Defensa de los Intereses del Pueblo de San Martín), in 1992 the government of Alberto Fujimori enacted the law creating the San Martin Region. This demand had been one of the main demands during the second indefinite general strike of February …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Bajo Huallaga was held in Chazuta in 1992, as part of a series of meetings organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the peasant patrols of San Martin. This event was one of several regional meetings that sought to consolidate …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Alto Mayo was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the rondas campesinas in 1992 in Buenos Aires, San Martín. This meeting was part of a series of regional meetings of peasant patrols held that year to strengthen community organization. …
At the end of 1992, MRTA subversives began to take advantage of the law of repentance, either with the armed forces or with the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba). The OPASM carried out a comprehensive work with the people who were taking advantage of the law, coordinating …
In January 1992, one of the MRTA camps was located in the district of Mazamari and was destroyed by the Peruvian Army. Nine subversives were killed in the operation. This event occurred in the context of the reconstitution of the MRTA after its defeat in Molinos in 1989 and after …
In January 1992, an MRTA camp located near the town of Dos de Mayo, Mazamari district, in Satipo, was destroyed by the army. Nine subversives were killed in the attack. This event occurred one month after the failed attempt by the MRTA to take Pichanaki in December 1991. The destruction …
In January 1992, Ricardo, along with other commanders such as Pepe, Tarzan, Gato and Chavez, announced their dissociation from the MRTA due to differences in political and military strategy. Among the reasons mentioned was criticism of the 'senderización of the MRTA', particularly the indiscriminate assassination of those who disagreed internally. …
In 1992, 747 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 505 victims, State Agents for 154, CADS for 11, MRTA for 13, and 64 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This year marked the capture of Shining Path leader Abimael Guzmán.
In 1992, 534 Spanish-speaking victims were reported killed and disappeared, the year with the highest number of Spanish-speaking victims. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 185 victims, State Agents for 254, CADS for 6, MRTA for 33, and 56 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
In January 1992, significant internal conflicts within the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) led to the resignation of several key members, including Sístero García Torres and Alberto Gálvez Olaechea. The departure of these members, particularly in the Northeastern Front, resulted in armed confrontations between the MRTA and dissidents, as well …
Andrés Sosa Chanamé, a former leader of PCP Unidad and ex-member of the MRTA, was assassinated on January 25, 1992, in Villa El Salvador. His assassination followed the killing of another former MRTA member, 'Germán', who was murdered on August 22, 1991. The killings were reportedly sanctioned by MRTA leadership, …
Andrés Sosa, former leader of Patria Libre, was assassinated by a commando of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) on January 25, 1992. This assassination occurred in the context of the intensification of political violence in Metropolitan Lima, during the period of greatest subversive activity in the capital. It occurred …
An MRTA commando killed Andres Sosa, former leader of Patria Libre, as he was about to get into a public vehicle in Villa El Salvador. The attack was perpetrated by members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement as part of their violent actions during that period. Sosa was a former …
On January 31, 1992, Florentina Rivera Távara, a leader of the Juan Parra del Riego human settlement, was shot to death. This assassination occurred in a context of intense violence in the Junin region, where both the Shining Path PCP and the MRTA were active. The event took place in …
On February 8, 1992, a subversive incursion in the community of Ulcumayo, Junín, resulted in the death of 15 peasants. This event occurred in the context of 1992, when violence reached its highest peak in the central region. Dynamite attacks, blackouts, sabotage, assassinations, disappearances, extrajudicial executions, arbitrary detentions and guerrilla …
Approximately 150 subversives attacked the Pichanaki police post in March 1992. The attack resulted in 1 police officer dead and 3 wounded Sinchis. This attack took place in a context of maximum violence in the region during 1992, when dynamite attacks, blackouts, sabotage, assassinations, disappearances, extrajudicial executions, arbitrary detentions and …
Peter Cardenas Schultz, one of the leaders of the MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement), was captured in April 1992 in Raucana. This occurred in the same month as the April 5, 1992 coup d'état carried out by President Alberto Fujimori. During a confrontation in Raucana, 3 villagers were killed and …
Between April and May 1992, the MRTA carried out a series of offensive military actions in the department of San Martin. MRTA attacked the towns of Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo. In addition to these attacks on towns, the MRTA also attacked the police posts of …
On April 5, 1992, a self-coup led to increased detentions of militants accused of belonging to the MRTA. This event prompted internal discussions among MRTA leaders about the future of their revolutionary activities. Despite considering a cessation of hostilities, the MRTA continued its attacks, including a significant assault on a …
On April 5, 1992, a coup d'état took place in Peru, significantly affecting the legitimacy of the Peruvian state. This event led to increased internal conflict, with groups like the PCP-SL and MRTA engaging in armed struggles against the state. The coup and subsequent conflicts were marked by violations of …
Peter Cardenas Schulte, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured on April 14, 1992. He was sentenced to life imprisonment according to Law 25475, which was applied retroactively since this law had not yet been enacted at the time of his capture. This occurred in the context …
Peter Cárdenas Schulte, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured by law enforcement officials in Lima. He was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment under Law 25475, anti-terrorist legislation that had not yet been enacted at the time of his capture. This capture was part of a series …
The 'Repentance Law' was enacted in May 1992, immediately after the self-coup, although it was regulated a year later. Through pressure, many detained students named names, many of them perhaps innocent. This law had a great impact on the mass arrests and wreaked havoc in the MRTA ranks.
On May 1, 1992, the MRTA launched a significant attack on the counter-subversive base in Villa Rica, Oxapampa. This operation involved over 100 MRTA members and marked a pivotal moment in the group's activities in the central jungle region. The attack led to a heightened military response, including intensified patrols …
Between April and May 1992, the MRTA carried out a series of military actions in the department of San Martin. These actions included attacks on the towns of Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo. In addition, the MRTA attacked the police posts of San Jose de Sisa …
On May 1, 1992, around 100 MRTA subversives attacked and destroyed the counter-subversive base of Villa Rica in Oxapampa. This attack was carried out in the context of the anniversary of their defeat in Molinos and represented a major action by the MRTA after its reconstitution. The success of this …
Alberto Fujimori's government enacted Law 25499 on May 12, 1992, known as the law of repentance. This law allowed members of subversive groups to receive legal benefits if they voluntarily turned themselves in and collaborated with the authorities. In the department of San Martin, the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción …
Approximately 150 MRTA subversives attacked the Pichanaki police post on May 18, 1992. The attack resulted in 1 sinchi killed and 3 wounded. This action was part of MRTA's strategy to carry out major operations in the central jungle, after having unsuccessfully attempted to take Pichanaki in December 1991 and …
Capture of Víctor Polay Campos, leader of the MRTA, by the Special Brigade of Detectives (BREDET). This was one of the captures of high-ranking subversive leaders that constituted a fundamental contribution to achieve the strategic defeat of subversion and terrorism in the context of extreme crisis.
Victor Polay Campos, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) known by the pseudonym 'comrade Rolando', was recaptured by law enforcement officials in the district of San Borja, Lima. This capture occurred almost two years after his spectacular escape from Castro Castro prison on July 9, 1990, when he …
Victor Polay Campos, alias Comrade Rolando, leader of the MRTA, is recaptured in a café in the Lima district of San Borja. He is later tried and sentenced to life imprisonment. This capture represents a significant blow against the MRTA leadership structure.
On June 9, 1992, the Peruvian Army launched a surprise attack on the subversive Front Sur in the district of Limbani, Sandia Province. The attack resulted in the death of six guerrillas and the capture of several others, leading to the disbandment of the Front Sur. This event marked a …
Rolando was captured on June 14, 1992. After his capture, Evaristo assumed overall command of the MRTA. This event is mentioned in the context of the dismantling of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin. Rolando's capture was part of a series of blows …
On June 19, 1992, subversives took over the town of Dos de Mayo in the district of Mazamari, province of Satipo. During this incursion, the subversives killed 7 villagers. This attack took place in the context of the intense activity of the PCP-SL in the province of Satipo during 1992, …
Members of the MRTA, along with unidentified terrorists, attacked the INCAFOR SA camp in San Ignacio. They used firearms and dynamite to destroy heavy machinery, domestic items, and company housing. The attack resulted in the deaths of workers Enrique Reyna Cruz and Narciso Agurto Guevara. The accused were later acquitted …
In July 1992, the government of Alberto Fujimori enacted a new Defense System Law that granted broad powers to the military in the counter-subversive struggle. This legislation was part of a series of measures adopted after the self-coup of April 5, 1992, when Fujimori dissolved Congress and intervened in the …
Dozens of MRTA members raid the city of Jaen, then attack the police posts of Chamaya, Cruce and Bellavista and make the police flee. The subversives manage to steal weapons and radio equipment. The attack left eight dead: five civilians, an Army captain and two PNP non-commissioned officers.
Businessman Raul Hiraoka Torres was kidnapped by members of the MRTA on July 9, 1992 as he was leaving his home in San Isidro. He was held captive in three different properties in Lima (Santa Anita, Urbanización Aurora in Surquillo, and Calle Vesalio in San Borja) for more than a …
Car bomb attack perpetrated on Tarata Street in the Miraflores district of Lima. This attack was part of the escalation of violence by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso during 1992, a year in which the subversive organization intensified its terrorist actions in the capital. The attack occurred a little more than a …
On July 16, 1992, a car bomb exploded on Tarata Street in the Miraflores district of Lima. This attack occurred in a context of intensifying violence in the capital, where the subversive groups Sendero Luminoso and MRTA increased their actions by carrying out continuous attacks against public and private entities. …
In August 1992, the Sixth Convention of CUAVES in Villa El Salvador was heavily influenced by the PCP-SL, a Peruvian insurgent group. The convention, which was marked by political violence and manipulation, saw the PCP-SL exert significant control, leading to the removal of Roque Quispe as secretary general. The event …
Beginning in August 1992, the Huallaga Front of the Peruvian Army developed a systematic military offensive against the MRTA in the department of San Martin. This offensive took place in a context where the MRTA had already lost the support of the local population due to abuses in the collection …
In August 1992, the Huallaga Front launched a systematic military offensive against the MRTA in the San Martín region of Peru. The offensive, led by General Eduardo Bellido Mora, aimed to win over the local population through social works and establish armed civil defense patrols. The campaign culminated in the …
The VI Convention of CUAVES (Comunidad Urbana Autogestionaria de Villa El Salvador) held at the end of August 1992 was essentially taken over by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso, surprising all observers by the level of control exercised by the subversive organization over this event. The influence of the PCP-SL in CUAVES …
Hory Chlimper was kidnapped and held for seven months in harsh conditions that affected his physical health. He was released on August 4, 1992, after his family complied with the kidnappers' demands, which included distributing food in Lima's poor neighborhoods and paying a large sum of money. The kidnapping was …
The arrest of Abimael Guzmán, leader of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso, occurred in September 1992. This event marked a turning point in the internal armed conflict, although the PCP-SL maintained military capacity to develop actions against the population and the forces of law and order in the central region even after …
In September 1992, the MRTA National Directorate ordered Lucero Cumpa to return from Germany to assume the General Command of the Northeastern Front (FNO). This return took place in a context of crisis for the MRTA, after the capture of Evaristo (who had assumed the general command of the MRTA …
David Armando Ballón Vera, a prominent mining engineer and businessman, was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by members of the MRTA on 11 September 1992. The incident occurred while he was driving his vehicle in the district of Surquillo, Lima. The assailants used an ambulance to intercept his vehicle, forcibly removed …
David Ballón Vera, owner of the Santander de Canta mine, was kidnapped while driving his vehicle on the fifth block of Tomás Marsano Avenue, Surquillo. MRTA members wearing police uniforms and medical aprons, with two fake patrolmen and a stolen ambulance, intercepted his vehicle. They shot at the armored windows, …
At approximately 10:00 p.m. on September 23, 1992, Raul Hiraoka Torres was taken from the first building where he was being held captive to a second house located in Urbanizacion Aurora in Surquillo. He was blindfolded, handcuffed and a hood was placed over his head. This transfer was carried out …
Businessman Julio Enrique Uribe Tasayco was kidnapped at 8:30 a.m. at a commercial establishment on Circunvalación Avenue, San Luis. Two MRTA members wearing police uniforms and medical aprons entered the establishment and took him to a vehicle. During the captivity he remained in a completely closed wooden box approximately two …
The Superior Prosecutor of Lambayeque indicted the defendants for the crimes of terrorism, homicide, serious injuries, minor injuries, robbery and damages. He stated that the defendants and other unidentified terrorists belonging to MRTA entered the INCAFOR camp with firearms and dynamite, proceeding to set fire to machinery and houses, and …
Alberto Fujimori's government enacted anti-terrorist legislation that made it a crime of treason to justify terrorism. This measure was part of a set of anti-terrorist laws implemented during 1992, in the context of the Emergency and National Reconstruction Government established after the April 5 self-coup. The legislation was part of …
Pedro Huilca, General Secretary of the CGTP (General Confederation of Peruvian Workers), was assassinated on December 18, 1992. This crime occurred in a context of extreme violence in Lima, where the subversive groups Sendero Luminoso and MRTA had intensified their terrorist actions. Huilca's murder was part of a series of …
Pedro Crisólogo Huilca Tecse, a prominent union leader, was assassinated in 1992. His partner, Martha Flores Gutiérrez, accused the government of then-President Alberto Fujimori of being responsible for his death, claiming it was not the work of insurgent groups like Sendero Luminoso or MRTA. Huilca was killed while actively opposing …
In 1993, several incidents involving the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) occurred in Lima, Peru. These included the capture of six MRTA members on February 26, a failed kidnapping attempt on March 29, and multiple attacks on businessmen throughout the year. Notably, on July 9, businessman Raúl Hiraoka Torres was …
In 1993, 391 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 278 victims, State Agents for 55, CADS for 12, MRTA for 7, and 39 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. A significant decrease is observed after Guzman's capture.
Between 1990 and 1993, the MRTA experienced a progressive disarticulation in Ucayali due to multiple factors. The disconnection of the Army of the Territory (ET) from the Eastern Front (FO) with the Regional Directorate (DR) and the scarce logistical support from the city caused the abandonment of the military contingents. …
The II Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in San Antonio de Cumbaza in 1993, as part of a process of consolidation of the organizations of peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. This meeting was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) in conjunction …
In 1993, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) experienced a significant decline in support and manpower. The organization, which had rapidly grown since 1987, faced mass desertions as combatants took advantage of state-proposed repentance norms. Key members, including Lucero Cumpa and Dany Cumapa Fasabi, were captured, leading to the further …
Comandante Antonio assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1993. He was the last in a series of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. The military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
On February 23, 1993, members of the MRTA assassinated David Ballón Vera, a mining businessman, after he was kidnapped on September 11, 1992, in San Miguel, Lima. The assassination occurred due to a failure to reach an agreement on the ransom amount. This incident marked the first time the MRTA …
Members of the MRTA assassinated mining businessman David Ballón Vera. Ballón Vera had been kidnapped in the middle of the street in the district of San Miguel, Lima, on September 11, 1992. When they did not reach an agreement on the amount to be paid for the ransom, they murdered …
David Ballón was kidnapped by members of the MRTA while driving in Surquillo, Lima. The kidnappers demanded a ransom from his family, but negotiations failed. Five months after his abduction, Ballón was tortured and murdered, and his body was found in San Miguel, Lima.
There was an attack against the Qenqoro prison with a dump truck full of explosives, and several subversive members of the PCP-SL and MRTA managed to escape. This attack demonstrates the operational capacity of the subversive groups and their strategy to free their imprisoned militants.
On March 28, 1993, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out one of its most spectacular actions in the department of Cuzco, trying to emulate other similar actions carried out in Ayacucho and Apurimac. The attack on the Q'enqoro prison resulted in the successful escape of 31 subversives, among PCP-Sendero Luminoso and …
On March 28, 1993, a dump truck full of explosives exploded against a wall of the Qenqoro prison, leaving a hole through which several PCP-SL and MRTA prisoners escaped. This maximum security prison, located near the city of Cuzco, had already experienced a previous escape on May 26, 1984, when …
In April 1993, the remnants of the last MRTA column in the Alto Urubamba area, in the Selva Colorado sector, in the department of Madre de Dios, fell. This operation was part of the police and military counter-offensive that had begun between December 1991 and January 1992, which succeeded in …
On April 22, 1993, Pedro Miyasato, a glassware businessman, was violently kidnapped by members of the MRTA while on his way to work in La Victoria, Lima. Despite attempts by bystanders to intervene, the subversives fired shots to deter them. Miyasato was tortured during the abduction and, after attempting to …
On April 28, 1993, the counter-subversive forces presented to the press a group of captured militants of subversive organizations in the department of Puno. Seventeen PCP-Sendero Luminoso militants and two MRTA militants who had been captured in operations carried out in the area were presented. This presentation was part of …
In May 1993, the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) in coordination with the family of (c) Antonio, initiated a sensitization campaign that consisted of the mother's call to her emerretista son to accept the law of repentance. The following cliché was used: 'If Antonio surrenders, it will …
In September 1992, the MRTA National Directorate ordered Lucero Cumpa to return from Germany to assume the General Command of the Northeastern Front (FNO). When she was captured in May 1993, Antonio was left in sole command of the FNO and took refuge in the Pongo de Caynarachi due to …
In September 1992, Lucero Cumpa returned from Germany to assume command of the MRTA's FNO. Shortly after, the army captured Dany Cumapa Fasabi, the logistics and communications chief, leading to the disruption of MRTA's restructuring efforts. By May 1993, Lucero Cumpa was captured, and with Antonio's eventual surrender, the FNO …
The government changed its strategy by publicly presenting its achievements in capturing alleged subversives. On May 15, 10 MRTA subversives who were captured in the Selva Colorada sector, in Madre de Dios, were presented in Cuzco. This public presentation was part of the government's propaganda strategy.
On June 12, 1993, during a radio interview, then-President Alberto Fujimori described an incident involving psychological torture as a means to demonstrate the cowardice of accused terrorists. Fujimori recounted an event where a high-ranking MRTA leader was threatened with being thrown from an Antonov aircraft, which was intended to instill …
MRTA members kidnap businessman Raul Hiraoka Torres. This kidnapping is part of the MRTA's strategy to obtain resources by kidnapping businessmen.
Raúl Hiraoka Torres, son of the owner of the Hiraoka chain of stores, was kidnapped around 8:30 p.m. when he was driving a pickup truck in the Córpac neighborhood, San Isidro. His vehicle was hit by a pickup truck, and people got out and shot him with short-range weapons. The …
In the early 1990s, the Peruvian government and military identified the education sector as a significant area of subversive activity by leftist groups such as Sendero Luminoso and MRTA. These groups had infiltrated educational institutions to spread Marxist ideologies and gain influence over teachers and students. In response, the government …
In October 1993, police operations were conducted to rescue businessman Raúl Hiraoka Torres, who was kidnapped by members of the MRTA. During these operations, several 'people's prisons' or 'people's prisons' were discovered in various properties. These makeshift prisons were often small, poorly ventilated spaces used to detain hostages.
In an operation, businessman Raul Hiraoka Torres, kidnapped by members of the MRTA, was freed while being held captive in a house in Lima, known as the people's prison. The Chileans Castillo Petruzzi, Pincheira Sáez, Mellado Saavedra and Astorga Valdez were captured in the operation.
During the early hours of October 15, 1993, the National Police searched several properties used by the MRTA. In the Aurora Urbanization in Surquillo, they arrested Fortunata Leyva Quispe, Jaime Sebastián Castillo Petruzzi, Heber Celso Oliva Zelada (Chileans), Segundo Nemesio Alva Marín and the 15-year-old minor Juan Llacta Sacha. In …
On October 20, 1993, the military command delivered shotguns and ammunition to nine self-defense committees in the province of Paucartambo. This event occurred in the context of the end of the cycle of violence in Cuzco, just days after General Petronio Fernandez Davila declared that there were practically no more …
Between 1991 and 1992, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso consolidated its new popular committees in the Bellavista area and formed a battalion on the banks of the Abiseo River with the objective of definitively taking Dos de Mayo. In November 1993, the Shining Path managed to take the town of Dos de …
On November 7, 1993, a confrontation took place in La Merced between law enforcement forces and presumed MRTA subversives. During the confrontation, two presumed MRTA subversives were killed and an officer of the Peruvian National Police was wounded. This confrontation occurred in the context of the last year of intense …
The MRTA attacks the Hiraoka family home with explosives. That same night they set off a car bomb in front of the Hiraoka store on Petit Thouars Avenue, in the Lima district of Lince. These attacks were reprisals for the release of businessman Raul Hiraoka.
In 1994, 163 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 96 victims, State Agents for 47, CADS for 2, MRTA for 6, and 12 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
On January 7, 1994, a Military Special Judge sentenced several members of the MRTA, a Peruvian guerrilla group, to life imprisonment and other lengthy prison terms. The sentences were confirmed by the Military Tribunal of the FAP on March 14, 1994, and further rulings were made by the Supreme Council …
On January 7, 1994, the Special Military Examining Judge sentenced Juan Francisco Sebastián Castillo Petruzzi, Lautaro Enrique Mellado Saavedra, Segundo Nemesio Alva Marín, and María Concepción Pincheira Sáez to life imprisonment for their participation in the kidnapping of Raúl Hiraoka Torres. Luis Astorga Valdez, Fortunata Leyva Quispe, Mirka Marleny de …
On March 14, 1994, the FAP Military Tribunal confirmed the sentence of January 7, 1994 that condemned Juan Francisco Sebastián Castillo Petruzzi, Lautaro Enrique Mellado Saavedra, Segundo Nemesio Alva Marín, and María Concepción Pincheira Sáez to life imprisonment for the kidnapping of Raúl Hiraoka Torres.
On April 1, 1994, members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) killed Brosvin and Cléber Huasi Tapullima, as well as Emilda Sangama Cahuaza and her daughter Teresa Flores Sangama, near the hamlets of Pinto Yacu and Nuevo Lomas in Yumbatos, Peru. The victims were targeted for refusing to join …
In May 1994, a police report identified several individuals as members of the MRTA, a Peruvian guerrilla group, involved in acts of treason. These acts included the kidnappings of David Ballón Vera and Raúl Hiraoka Torres, as well as extortion against Raúl Hiraoka Torres. The report named key suspects, including …
On May 3, 1994, the Supreme Council of Military Justice issued a resolution sentencing Fortunata Leyva Quispe to 30 years in prison, Alejandro Luis Astorga Valdez to life imprisonment, Jaén Mirla Salazar Ramos to 20 years in prison, Segundo Nemesio Alva Marín to 30 years and acquitted Lucinio Dávila Bravo …
On May 29, 1994, there was an armed confrontation between State forces and the MRTA in San Juan Boca Tigre, Chanchamayo province. The event is mentioned in the context of the confrontations that took place during 1993-1994 in the central jungle, a period in which MRTA subversive activity continued on …
On July 14, 1994, the MRTA carried out an ambush in La Merced, Chanchamayo province, Junin department. In this attack, two policemen were killed by the subversives. This event occurred in the context of the final phase of the internal armed conflict in the central jungle, when the MRTA still …
Lucas Cachay, who had been in asylum in Brazil from approximately 1993 to 1994, returned to Peru in September 1994. Upon his return, he took advantage of the law of repentance on the recommendation of a businessman friend and lawyer named Carlos Gonzales. Cachay had been an important leader of …
On October 23, 1994, a military base in Campanilla was attacked, resulting in the deaths of 9 military personnel and 26 subversives. This event is part of the broader conflict involving the PCP-SL and MRTA in Peru during the late 20th century.
On October 27, 1994, militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso tried to attack the Q'enqoro prison again in order to free their detained militants. This attempt took place in a context of desperation of the subversive group, after in August of the same year several of its militants began to take …
A policeman was killed by a grenade during a terrorist attack in Puerto Bermudez. The attack occurred in the context of the presence of subversive groups in the Oxapampa area, particularly the MRTA, which had been active in the Puerto Bermudez district since the late 1980s. By 1994, violence in …
Miguel Rincón Rincón, Lori Berenson and other MRTA members arrested. The arrest of U.S. citizen Lori Berenson sparks international controversy over her involvement with MRTA.
During 1995, 132 law enforcement fatalities were recorded in the internal armed conflict, representing 7.9% of the total number of law enforcement casualties during the entire period. Of these casualties, 104 corresponded to the Armed Forces and 28 to the Police Forces. A new and brief increase in casualties was …
In 1995 there was a significant increase in law enforcement casualties in the upper Huallaga area. According to information provided by the Joint Command of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of the Interior to the CVR, 132 law enforcement personnel died that year (104 from the Army and 28 …
During the period 1995-1996, when the presence of the PCP-SL in the country was minimal, the proportion of rapes committed by the PCP-SL and the MRTA increased. This data is striking because it contradicts the condemnatory discourse of these groups regarding sexual violence and occurs in a period of weakening …
In 1995, a 14-year-old girl in Carachamayco was sexually abused by a member of the MRTA, resulting in her pregnancy. Despite efforts to relocate her to avoid further abuse, the perpetrator continued to pursue her. Additionally, testimonies reveal that the MRTA abducted young girls, some as young as nine, and …
In 1995, 110 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 68 victims, State Agents for 15, CADS for 2, MRTA for 2, and 23 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
On January 17, 1995, an armed confrontation took place between members of the Peruvian Army and presumed MRTA subversives in the Boca Tigre sector, located between Satipo and Pichanaki in the department of Junín, killing two presumed MRTA subversives. This confrontation took place in the context of the military offensive …
On March 16, 1995, subversive forces of the MRTA attacked the Counter-subversive Base of La Florida, located in the district of Villa Rica, province of Oxapampa. The attack resulted in the death of 4 military personnel, including 1 lieutenant and 3 soldiers, in addition to leaving 7 soldiers wounded. This …
Alberto Fujimori won his presidential re-election on April 9, 1995. This reelection occurs in a context of declining subversive violence after the capture of Abimael Guzmán in 1992 and the weakening of the PCP-SL and MRTA. Fujimori's electoral triumph comes after the implementation of counter-subversive policies and anti-terrorist legislation that …
Alleged subversives attacked Bravo Quispe, mayor of the district of Yanacancha in Pasco. As a result of the attack, the mayor's driver and other people not identified in the report died. This attack took place in the context of the final period of the cycle of violence in the central …
On June 30, 1995, the Special Military Judge sentenced Emilio Villalobos Alva and Gregorio Benigno Cuba Vega to 25 years imprisonment. He also sentenced the repentant defendants with Codes No. B1A000133, B1A000087, B1A000089 and B1A000090 to 30 years of imprisonment, but due to the incidents of repentance, their sentences were …
On July 27, 1995, an armed confrontation took place between the Peruvian Army and alleged subversives in Pichanaki, province of Satipo, department of Junin. The confrontation resulted in the death of 12 alleged subversives. This event took place in the context of the military offensive against the remnants of subversive …
The Governor of the district of Pichanaqui and the Director of the Agrarian Development Fund (FONDEAGRO) of San Ramon were kidnapped by the MRTA in La Merced when they were returning from the inauguration of a medical post. The MRTA demanded money from the family members. They were released on …
On October 17, 1995, MRTA members recruited a 16-year-old girl. They came, called her and went outside to talk, stayed until almost midnight and then did not return. Her mother did not hear from her until she found out that she participated in the seizure of the Japanese Embassy on …
Miguel Rincón Rincón, an important member of the MRTA leadership, is captured together with Lori Berenson. The existence of a plan to take over Congress is discovered. Both are sentenced to life imprisonment. The sentence is issued on January 11, 1996. Rincón Rincón is imprisoned in the Callao Naval Prison.
Miguel Rincón Rincón, an important member of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) leadership, was arrested on November 30, 1995. This capture represented another resounding blow to the MRTA, which had already suffered the arrest of other important leaders such as Víctor Polay Campos in 1992. Rincón Rincón's arrest took …
In 1996, the Peruvian legislature was reshuffled in favor of the ruling party, which led to the approval of Law No. 26657, known as the Authentic Interpretation Law, which paved the way for the reelection of President Alberto Fujimori. That same year, the Ad Hoc Commission was created to review …
In 1996, 66 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 40 victims, State Agents for 13, CADS for 4, MRTA for 1, and 8 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
A faceless military judge of the Supreme Council of Military Justice sentences, in first instance, MRTA leader Miguel Rincón Rincón and American Lori Berenson to life imprisonment for treason. The U.S. State Department protests the life sentence given to U.S. citizen Lori Berenson. The sentence was issued after her capture …
On October 5, 1996, the Special Military Tribunal of the FAP confirmed the sentence of June 30, 1995 against Emilio Villalobos Alva, Gregorio Benigno Cuba Vega and the MRTA repentants related to the kidnapping of Raul Hiraoka Torres.
In December 1996, the MRTA took over the Japanese ambassador's residence, holding 490 people hostage. Juan Julio Wicht, S.J. Monsignor Juan Luis Cipriani intervened in the negotiations as president of the Commission of Guarantors. On April 23, 1997, the bloody seizure of the residence by government forces took place. Cipriani …
In November 1996, the Committee for Human Rights (CODEH) protested against the arbitrary detention of General (r) Rodolfo Robles and the occupation by assault of the Japanese ambassador's residence by members of the MRTA. This event was part of a series of violent incidents in Peru during the 1990s, involving …
Assault on the Japanese ambassador's residence in Lima by an MRTA commando led by its top leader Néstor Cerpa, who held 72 hostages captive. The assault ended with the rescue operation Chavín de Huántar. The government used the celebrations for the successful release of the hostages to legitimize itself after …
The National Directorate of the MRTA made the decision to execute a commando-type military action in the city of Lima with the objective of freeing its militants. A little more than a dozen members of the MRTA special forces, operating in the central jungle, were intensively trained for several months …
On December 17, 1996, 14 members of the MRTA took over the Japanese ambassador's residence in Lima, taking several dozen hostages. After several days, the Peruvian forces retook the residence, resulting in the deaths of the assailants. This event marked a significant blow to the MRTA's operational capabilities.
On December 17, 1996, members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) executed a military-style operation to seize the Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima, Peru. The operation aimed to free imprisoned MRTA militants. The crisis ended with the deaths of all 14 MRTA members during a rescue operation by state …
Between December 17, 1996 and April 22, 1997, the MRTA took over the residence of the Japanese Ambassador, holding 72 hostages. The independent press, although critical of the Fujimori government, was visibly self-regulating in its coverage due to the magnitude of the blackmail. Coverage was intense and attracted international press. …
The MRTA took over the Japanese Ambassador's Residence located on block two of Prescott Avenue, San Isidro, on December 17, 1996 at approximately 8:10 p.m. during a reception for the Japanese Emperor's birthday. There were about 600 people. The main objective was to obtain the release of MRTA detainees. They …
At 8:35 p.m., a commando of 14 MRTA members stormed the residence of the Japanese ambassador, Morihisa Aoki. Two hours after the takeover, the MRTA members allow the women and elderly to leave, but hold about 490 hostages. MRTA demands that the government release all MRTA prisoners. The crisis would …
The national leadership of the MRTA decided that a group of members of its forces in the central jungle, weakened by confrontations with the Army, would carry out a major national operation aimed at freeing its prisoners. After several months of intense preparation, on December 17, 1996, 14 MRTA militants …
A commando of 14 MRTA members stormed the residence of Japanese Ambassador Morihisa Aoki on December 17, 1996. The hostage crisis lasted for more than four months. On April 22, 1997, the crisis ended with a military intervention that left 17 victims: Supreme Court member Carlos Giusti, two Army officers, …
The crisis surrounding the embassy in Peru led to a controversial military operation under the leadership of President Alberto Fujimori, with significant involvement from Vladimiro Montesinos and General Nicolás Hermoza Ríos. The operation sparked public debates about the role of the military and allegations of extrajudicial executions of MRTA members. …
In February 1997, negotiations began between the Peruvian government, represented by Domingo Palermo Cabrejos, and the MRTA, represented by Roly Rojas, with the presence of the Commission of Guarantors. By the end of the month, eight meetings had taken place, with Néstor Cerpa Cartolini participating in some. These discussions were …
On February 13, 1997, the Supreme Council of Military Justice confirmed the sentence of the Special Military Tribunal of the FAP of October 5, 1996 against the MRTA members involved in the kidnapping of Raul Hiraoka Torres.
In March 1997, the MRTA hostage crisis in Lima, Peru, reached a critical point as Néstor Cerpa Cartolini rejected asylum options and demanded the release of his comrades. Japanese Vice President Masahiko Komura visited Lima to urge President Alberto Fujimori to expedite a peaceful resolution. The crisis, marked by stalled …
The Operativo Chavín de Huántar was a military operation carried out by the Peruvian government to rescue hostages held by the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) at the Japanese ambassador's residence in Lima. President Alberto Fujimori highlighted the roles of General Hermoza and Vladimiro Montesinos in the operation's execution and …
On April 22, 1997, Peruvian Armed Forces stormed the Japanese ambassador's residence in Lima, where members of the MRTA had held 72 hostages for 126 days. The military intervention resulted in the deaths of all the MRTA members, one hostage, and two military personnel. This event marked the decline of …
Operation Chavín de Huántar was a successful military operation carried out on April 22, 1997, to rescue hostages held by the MRTA at the Japanese ambassador's residence in Peru. The operation marked a significant achievement for the Peruvian government, enhancing its prestige. However, the credit for the success was contested …
The hostage crisis ends with the military intervention that achieves the release of the hostages kidnapped in the Japanese ambassador's residence. There are 17 victims: the member of the Supreme Court, Carlos Giusti Acuña; two officers of the EP; and the 14 MRTA subversives who assaulted the residence. After the …
The hostage crisis that began on December 17, 1996, when a commando of 14 MRTA members stormed the residence of Japanese Ambassador Morihisa Aoki, ended with a military intervention. The operation resulted in 17 fatalities: Supreme Court vowel Carlos Giusti, two Army officers and the 14 emerretistas who had stormed …
On December 17, 1996, a commando of 14 MRTA members stormed the Japanese ambassador's residence, holding 74 hostages for several months. The crisis ended on April 22, 1997 with a military intervention that resulted in 17 fatalities: Supreme Court member Carlos Giusti, two army officers and the 14 emerretistas who …
Eduardo Nicolás Cruz Sánchez, also known as 'Tito', was a member of the MRTA who was captured alive by police officers during the Japanese Embassy hostage crisis. After being handed over to military personnel, he was later found dead near a tunnel connecting the embassy to a nearby house. His …
On April 22, 1997, the Chavin de Huantar operation allowed the release of the hostages that the MRTA held captive for 4 months in the residence of the Japanese ambassador. There are indications being investigated by the Public Prosecutor's Office of arbitrary executions of some MRTA subversives who surrendered or …
On April 22, 1997 at 3:27 p.m., Operation Chavin de Huantar was launched to rescue 71 hostages from the Japanese ambassador's residence. The operation was led by EP Colonel José Williams Zapata with 143 commandos. Explosives were detonated under the room where the ambassadors were playing soccer. Magistrate Carlos Giusti …
The hostage crisis in Peru ended with a military intervention that successfully liberated the hostages. Among the 17 victims were Carlos Giusti Acuña, a Supreme Court judge, two military officers, and 14 MRTA insurgents who had attacked the residence. The operation significantly boosted President Alberto Fujimori's approval ratings, though there …
The Operation Chavín de Huantar was a military operation that took place in Lima, Peru, to rescue 72 hostages held by the MRTA at the Japanese ambassador's residence. The operation lasted 126 days, culminating in a successful rescue mission by Peruvian armed forces. All 14 MRTA members involved in the …
In July 1997, a testimony revealed the harrowing experiences of adolescents recruited by the MRTA, who were subjected to forced abortions and the abduction of their newborns. The testimony describes how these young girls, many of whom were minors, were physically abused and sexually violated by members of the MRTA. …
After its defeat in the Mantaro valley in 1989, the MRTA retreated to the province of Chanchamayo where it managed to rebuild its ranks. During the period up to 1998, the subversive group engaged in constant confrontations with military patrols in which deaths were recorded on both sides. Gradually, the …
On July 7, 1998, Army soldiers vacated the university campus of the National University of Central Peru (UNCP) in Huancayo. This military intervention took place in the context of years of political violence at the university, where both the PCP-SL and the MRTA had carried out proselytizing and armed propaganda …
Alberto Andrade was reelected Mayor of Metropolitan Lima on October 13, 1998. This reelection took place in a context of declining subversive violence in the capital, following the capture of Abimael Guzmán in 1992 and the weakening of the PCP-SL and MRTA. Andrade had been elected mayor for the first …
During the collapse of Fujimori's regime, the incoming Transitional Democratic Government found the penitentiary system in disarray, with legal frameworks that were impractical and unenforceable. The harsh penitentiary regime led to the retaking of prisons by groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA, undermining the authority of the state. Fujimori's government …
On May 30, 1999, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a decision on the complaint filed by Chilean citizens who were members of the MRTA. The Court established that their right to due process had been violated in the proceedings against them in Peru, and ordered a new trial …
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru investigated widespread sexual violence, particularly against women, during the internal armed conflict. This violence was primarily attributed to state agents, including the military and police, as well as, to a lesser extent, members of subversive groups like the Shining Path (PCP-SL) and the …
On May 14, 2001, in compliance with the order of the Inter-American Court, the Supreme Council of Military Justice referred the investigations to the Ad-Hoc Provincial Criminal Prosecutor's Office for Terrorism Cases. The prosecutor's office filed criminal charges against Jaime Francisco Castillo Petruzzi, Lautaro Enrique Mellado Saavedra, Alejandro Luis Astorga …
The text discusses the demands of the PCP-SL and MRTA during the Peruvian internal conflict and emphasizes the importance of addressing these demands separately from the national reconciliation process. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) highlights the need to avoid repeating past violence by addressing deep-rooted societal issues such as …
On January 31, 2002, the Ad-Hoc Provincial Criminal Prosecutor's Office for Terrorism cases issued its opinion in which it stated that the criminal responsibility of the defendants for the commission of the crime against Public Tranquility in its modality of Terrorism, related to the kidnapping of Raúl Hiraoka Torres, has …
Following a military rescue operation, authorities conducted actions including the removal and clandestine burial of fourteen deceased members of the MRTA. The necropsies were performed under irregular conditions as ordered by higher authorities, including President Alberto Fujimori. The official government narrative stated that the MRTA members died in combat, but …
In-depth interview conducted in Curimarca with a woman resident of Huertas who witnessed armed confrontations in the area. The interviewee testified about the disappearance of the MRTA after the confrontations in the region. According to her account, after the confrontation, the MRTA was never seen again in the area, although …
In Uchubamba, military forces conducted a search for escaped members of the MRTA, resulting in the detention and physical abuse of several individuals, including a young man from the sierra. In a separate incident in Huertas, military personnel forcibly removed a family from their home, physically assaulted male members, and …
In-depth interview conducted in Huancayo documenting the disappearances of MRTA militants in the urban area during 1991, 1992 and 1993. The testimony indicates that the MRTA was hit hard in the urban zone, with many simultaneous disappearances, especially student members of the MRTA. The interviewee mentions that many good cadres …
The MRTA, a Peruvian guerrilla group, debated whether to proceed with their plan to take the town of Tarma. Despite initial hesitation, the directive from their leadership was to continue with the mission. They faced logistical challenges, including a malfunctioning truck, but persisted in their efforts, engaging with local populations …
In October 2002, a detainee was held and tortured in Tomanga, Sarhua, Ayacucho, Peru. The individual was subjected to physical abuse and forced to confess to alleged connections with terrorist groups such as PCP-SL and MRTA. The detainee was kept in harsh conditions without legal representation, highlighting the human rights …
On October 2, 2002, the National Court of Terrorism, Criminal Organizations and Gangs, by Resolution declared that there was merit to proceed to oral trial against those accused of the kidnapping of Raul Hiraoka Torres. The process continued with hearings between the accused, during which Raul Hiraoka Torres ratified his …
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1984
1979