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3 media items in Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Peru
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Timeline Events 50
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Group interview with Venenillo teachers
Group interview conducted with teachers from the village of Venenillo in the province of Leoncio Prado, department of Huánuco, as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's work to collect testimonies. The teachers provided information on the impact of the internal armed conflict on the educational community and the local …
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Decree Law No. 25880 on apology as treason to the homeland.
Decree Law No. 25880, enacted on November 26, 1992, typified the apology made by teachers with their students as a crime of treason. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was part of the policy of expanding the conducts …
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Murder of Juan Crisóstomo Casasola Zavala
Juan Crisóstomo Casasola Zavala, former leader of the "Canto Grande" housing association and deputy director of the Ricardo Palma National Mixed School, was murdered on April 30, 1992. His death occurred in the context of a wave of selective murders against neighborhood leaders in San Juan de Lurigancho during April …
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Murder of eight people in Huancayo high school
In March 1992, the Shining Path PCP murdered eight people in a high school in Huancayo. This occurred in a context of intense violence in the Central region, where the PCP-SL had increased its violent actions against the civilian population. The attack on the high school was part of a …
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Óscar de la Puente Raygada assumes Education portfolio
Óscar de la Puente Raigada assumed the Ministry of Education on December 12, 1991, in the context of ministerial changes during the government of Alberto Fujimori Fujimori. This appointment took place at a time of political tension between the Executive and the Congress, with multiple legislative decrees being issued and …
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End of SUTEP teachers' strike
After 104 days of strike, teachers returned to the classroom on August 23. The SUTEP (Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú) strike began in May 1991 and lasted more than three months. During the conflict, the government declared a state of emergency in the education sector to …
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State of emergency in the education sector
In July 1991, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in the education sector in response to the indefinite strike of SUTEP (Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú) which had been going on since May. The measure was taken in order to avoid jeopardizing the school …
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SUTEP teachers strike
On May 8, 1991, a strike of 260,000 state teachers affiliated to SUTEP began under the leadership of Secretary General Jose Ramos Bosmediano. The strike was a protest against the low salaries of teachers and the union was demanding a general salary increase from the government. During the strike, the …
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SUTEP and health care workers strike
In May 1991, an indefinite strike of SUTEP (Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú), health workers and national university workers began. The strike continued during June 1991, while the government maintained its position. In July, faced with the continuation of the SUTEP strike, the government declared a …
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Indefinite strike by SUTEP, health and university workers
In May 1991, an indefinite strike of SUTEP (Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú) began, together with health workers and national university workers. The strike lasted several months, significantly affecting the country's education sector. The government declared a state of emergency in the education sector in July …
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Labor protests in Lima
On March 21, 1991, Lima endured one of the most agitated labor days of the period. Protests were sparked by multiple sectors on strike simultaneously, including nurses, Ministry of Health workers, members of the CITE (Confederación Intersectorial de Trabajadores Estatales), the Federación Nacional de Trabajadores Universitarios del Perú (FENTUP) and …
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Murder of Valentín López Molina
Valentín López Molina, director in charge of the Higher Pedagogical Institute of Huancavelica, was murdered on September 14, 1990. The CVR report notes that it is difficult to establish the authorship of this murder, suggesting that it could have been committed by both subversive forces and State agents. This crime …
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Enactment of the Teacher's Law
President Alan Garcia Perez promulgated the Teachers' Law on May 19, 1990. This law had been previously approved by the Legislative but was observed by the President, which generated protests from the Teachers' Union. In response to the observations, the Ministry of Economy issued a communiqué stating that the financial …
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Presidential Observation to the Teacher's Act
President Alan Garcia Perez observed the Teacher's Law that had been approved by the Legislative Branch, which generated protests from the Teachers' Union. In response to this observation, the Ministry of Economy issued a communiqué stating that the financial quantification of the benefits presented in the law represented amounts that …
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Fourth extraordinary legislature
The fourth extraordinary session of the Peruvian Congress was held from February 12 to 22. During this session, several important legislative projects were approved, including the Regional Development Bank system, the participation of urban cooperatives before the Regional Assemblies, the University Development Fund and amendments to the Law for Teachers. …
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Death of Alcides Palomino Aronés
Alcides Palomino Aronés, leader of SUTEP (Sindicato Único de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú), was assassinated on December 10, 1989 in Ayacucho. According to the report, the perpetrator was allegedly a military patrol. This murder took place in a context of systematic violence against union and social leaders during …
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Destruction of IER Waqrani facilities
On the night of May 21, 1989, a column of the Shining Path PCP destroyed the facilities of the Waqrani Rural Education Institute (IER), located on the outskirts of Ayaviri. This attack was part of a series of violent actions carried out by the PCP-SL in Puno during May 1989. …
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Attack on Waqrani Rural Education Institute
On May 21, 1989, the PCP-SL attacked the Waqrani Rural Education Institute, an educational center run by the South Andean Catholic Church. This attack was part of the violent actions of the subversive group in the southern Andean region of the country. Days after the attack, on May 25, the …
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Attack by hikers on educational project in San Juan de Jarpa
A small group of Shining Path guerrillas attacked an educational project for peasants run by Jesuit priests in the town of San Juan de Jarpa, located two hours from Huancayo. This attack is part of the Shining Path's strategy of attacking educational institutions linked to the Catholic Church. The objective …
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Start of an indefinite strike SUTEP
On June 8, 1988, an indefinite strike called by SUTEP (Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú) began and ended on July 10 of the same year. Days after the SUTEP strike began, the Civil Construction workers joined the strike, which ended on July 4. This indefinite teachers' …
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Explosive attack at the University of Huamanga
In March 1988, an explosive device went off in the San Cristobal de Huamanga National University. This attack marked the beginning of the presence of paramilitary groups in the city of Huamanga. The attack was part of an escalation of violence that would later affect university teachers and workers. The …
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Military intervention in universities
On February 13, 1987, military forces intervened in Peruvian universities, generating protests by the rectors of these educational institutions. The rectors strongly protested against this measure of military intervention on university campuses. This action was framed in the context of the state of emergency prevailing in the country and the …
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Police interventions in La Cantuta
In 1987 there were police interventions in the National University of Education La Cantuta as part of a repressive wave of the State against the presence of the PCP-SL in public universities. These interventions were a response to the Shining Path's takeover of symbolic and doctrinal spaces in the university, …
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Terrorist attacks against five private schools
During March 1986, five private schools were targets of terrorist attacks that caused serious material damage. The schools affected were Inmaculada, Pedagógico, León Pinelo, Markham and Maristas del Callao. These attacks occurred in the context of a state of emergency and curfew which had been extended for sixty days in …
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Approval of teacher's law regulations
The government approved the regulation of the teacher's law during the government of Fernando Belaunde Terry. This regulation established several aspects related to the rights of teachers in the country. Among the most important aspects, the regulation stated that teachers have the right to free unionization. This measure took place …
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Start of classes at the 1236 Educational Center of Huaycán
Exactly one month after the occupation of Huaycán, classes began at Educational Center 1236. The school building was built on a communal site with seven classrooms, restrooms and an office for the principal. The neighbors contributed materials and built the first folders. Two months later, the Lima Department of Education …
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Murder of San Ramon state school director
In July 1984, the director of the state school San Ramon in Huamanga was assassinated. This event occurred in the context of an intensification of violence in the provinces of Huamanga, Huanta and La Mar, where 1984 was recorded as one of the years with the highest number of civilian …
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SUTEP strike solution
On June 13, 1984, the strike of the Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú (SUTEP) was resolved after eight days of duration. Teachers returned to work that same day. This strike took place in the context of multiple mobilizations of the education sector and state workers that …
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Death of Patrocinio Quicha Espinoza and other SUTEP leaders
Patrocinio Quicha Espinoza, Hernán Gutiérrez Araujo, Virgilio Huaranca and Estilo Ayala, all members of SUTEP (Sindicato Único de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú), were victims of violence on May 26, 1983. This event is part of a series of deaths and disappearances of union leaders and workers during the …
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Entry of PCP-SL to San Juan de Yacán
In May 1983, the PCP-SL had entered the district of Paucar with a contingent of approximately 200 militants on May 21, 1983. In San Juan de Yacán, a group of subversives, among them children and adolescents wearing red ribbons on their foreheads, marched towards the school, shouting "armed struggle" and …
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Murder of Huancaraylla Teacher
On November 10, 1982, a teacher from Huancaraylla was murdered by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This murder was part of a series of systematic executions of authorities and people accused of 'snitching' that the PCP-SL carried out during that period in the province of Fajardo. The assassination occurred in the context …
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Command of the PCP-SL in Carlos Wiese School
A PCP-SL commando, led by an armed woman wearing a black hood, entered the Carlos Wiese school in Comas during the school's anniversary celebration. At the time, 1,500 students were gathered in the school's courtyard. The members of the commando launched subversive slogans and made a call to armed struggle …
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Regional Congress of SUTE-SM in Sauce
In 1981, the Regional Congress of the Unitary Union of Education Workers of San Martin (SUTE-SM) was held in the town of Sauce, province of San Martin. During this congress the Board of Directors of SUTE-SM was renewed for a period of two years. This event was part of the …
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Attack on the Tinta Communal Educational Center
On November 9, 1980, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out its first attack in the department of Cuzco. The target was the Communal Educational Center located in the town of Tinta, capital of the province of Canchis. This attack marked the beginning of the Shining Path's violent actions in the Cuzco …
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Subversive indoctrination in Oronqoy's school
In 1980, subversive teachers began indoctrinating students in the Oronqoy high school. This school had been created in 1978 by directorial resolution as a mixed state school No. 38692 under the name of Neri Garcia Zarate. The subversive teachers indoctrinated students from the 19 communities of Oreja de Perro. This …
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Creation of the Túpac Amaru II secondary school in Chungui
In 1979, a secondary school was created in the district capital of Chungui under the name of Túpac Amaru II. This creation took place in a context where other communities in the area were also establishing secondary schools. A year earlier, in 1978, the mixed state school No. 38692 had …
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National strike of SUTEP Cajamarca
In 1979, the Sindicato Único de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú (SUTEP) of Cajamarca mobilized all its regional members to participate in a national strike. This mobilization was part of the large national strikes developed by SUTEP in 1978 and 1979, which even mobilized parents. These actions contributed significantly …
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SUTEP teachers' strike
SUTEP begins an indefinite national strike that would last until July. On July 27, after eighty days of strike, the government finally agreed to meet the teachers' union's demands. The strike was one of the most important mobilizations in the education sector during this period.
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Creation of a high school in Oronqoy
In 1978, at the initiative of a young man from the community who had studied in Andahuaylas, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy. As in other schools in the area, such as Túpac Amaru II in Chungui, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers from the beginning. …
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Establishment of state co-educational school No. 38692 in Oronqoy
In 1978, a director's resolution created the mixed state school No. 38692 in the community of Oronqoy with the name of Neri García Zárate. This school was established after the communities of Oreja de Perro, including Mollebamba, Santa Carmen and Oronqoy, created communal schools following the guerrilla events of 1965. …
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Creation of the Túpac Amaru II school
In 1978, the community of Chungui decided to fund the creation of the Túpac Amaru II secondary school, where teachers trained at the UNSCH (National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga) would teach. From the beginning, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers, preparing the young people for the …
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Osmán Morote Barrionuevo's arrival at UNCP as a professor
Osmán Morote Barrionuevo, an anthropologist who had participated in the II National Meeting of Organisms Generated by the PCP-SL in March 1977, was hired as an assistant professor in the Social Sciences Program, Academic Department of Anthropology of the UNCP. He taught courses such as Introduction to Social Sciences, History …
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Reapertura de la UNSCH y su Crecimiento
In 1977, the National University of San Cristobal de Huamanga (UNSCH) was reopened with a new educational focus that integrated regional development as the center of its activities. This change was reflected in a significant growth of the student population from 228 students in 1959 to 6095 in 1980. However, …
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MIR-EM controls SUTECOP
The Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria - El Militante (MIR-EM) managed to capture the largest number of followers and control the unions in Ucayali, where most people were sympathizers of Patria Roja. In 1975, the MIR-EM took over the Unitary Union of Education Workers of Coronel Portillo (SUTECOP), consolidating its presence …
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Talks by Abimael Guzman in Ongoy's school
Abimael Guzmán visited the Ongoy school in 1975, invited by the school's teachers, when one of the interviewees was a high school student. The talks dealt with the national reality and the problem of the peasantry, focusing his discourse on criticizing the Agrarian Reform and the seizure of land. He …
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Politicization of high school in Ongoy
In 1973, the high school of Ongoy, located in the province of Andahuaylas, experienced a process of politicization. Abimael Guzman, leader of the Shining Path, visited the school and gave a talk to the students. In his presentation, Guzman addressed issues such as poverty in Peru, Agrarian Reform and made …
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Talk by Abimael Guzman in Ongoy
In 1973, the high school of Ongoy, located in the province of Andahuaylas, experienced a process of politicization. Abimael Guzman, leader of the Shining Path, visited the school and gave a talk to the students. In his presentation, Guzman addressed topics such as poverty in Peru, Agrarian Reform and made …
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Creation of community schools in Oreja de Perro
After the guerrilla events of 1965, the communities of the area known as Oreja de Perro decided to create communal schools. The communities involved in this educational initiative were Mollebamba, Santa Carmen, Oronqoy, among others. This action represents an organized community response in the post-guerrilla context of the mid-1960s. The …
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Guerrilla del 1965 y sus Consecuencias en la Educación y Derechos Humanos
After the 1965 guerrilla war, there was a significant change in access to education for community members, facilitated by the destruction of the hacienda system. Prior to this event, hacienda owners did not favor the education of their workers' children, which perpetuated ignorance between generations. The event also highlights the …
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Creation of the Technical University of the Altiplano (UTA)
In 1961, the Universidad Técnica del Altiplano (UTA) was created in Puno in response to the desire of the Puno population to have its own university that could compete with the universities of Cuzco and Arequipa, where most young people migrated to pursue higher education. This desire for autonomy and …
Documents 27
Work of the Dominican Sisters in Ayacucho
The Misioneras Dominicas del Rosario, since 1943, have contributed to the development, progress, and well-being of the people of Ayacucho, responding in a timely manner to the most pressing needs …
Peruvian Rural Youth: Between Two Paths
Following the agrarian reform (1969–1975), it has become increasingly difficult in the Peruvian case to precisely delineate a rural youth and even a rural society with a specific structure and …
The Repared Scholarship: Opportunity and Right in the Education Reparations Program
Research measuring how the Repared scholarship program has been functioning — a program that covers higher, technical, and university education studies at public and private institutions in Peru for victims …
Pedagogical Guide for the Use of Yuyanapaq: To Remember
This pedagogical guide aims to orient the use of the photo book "Yuyanapaq: para recordar" [Yuyanapaq: To Remember] for educational purposes, helping teachers use the book in the classroom and …
Open Secrets. Memory and Education in Public Schools in Lima and Ayacucho
This document has an exploratory character in that it presents advances in understanding a complex social phenomenon such as the memory of the internal armed conflict and its process of …
Ayacucho: Toward Another Future?
A look at Ayacucho — and even more so, an assessment of its situation — almost always centers on comparing past and present in terms of violence and the possibility …
The Urgency of Working on Historical Memory in Schools
How is it possible that the tragedy experienced by Peruvians has not been processed? Why have we not learned that intolerance, hatred, discrimination, and racism lead to destruction and death? …
Memory Magazine No. 8
Memoria No. 8 contains three applied research pieces on topics related to democracy, human rights, and culture, produced by CISEPA at PUCP. Ethnicity, the disappeared, and migration make up the …
Weaving Life. Stories of Six Women from Ayacucho. Methodological Guide
Methodological Guide to the book "Tejiendo vida" (Weaving Life): History of Six Ayacuchan Women. Project "Recognition and Exercise of Rights of Ayacuchan Women Affected by the Internal Armed Conflict," carried …
Civic Education in Peruvian Schools. Conceptual Advances and Limitations in Classroom Practice
"This publication is composed, first, of a conceptual note on citizenship education and its importance for the development of democracy, prepared by Susana Frisancho. Second, it presents the text interpreting …
Ketín Vidal: "Shining Path Operates in Universities and Schools in Lima"
Former head of the Dircote asserts that Sendero Luminoso has infiltrated the education system — this concerns the third faction of the terrorist group. He proposes the creation of a …
Cabanillas Criticizes Social Sciences Textbook
According to Cabanillas, in 100 pages there is no forceful condemnation of terrorist actions, but it is affirmed that the Armed Forces repressed with violence, brutally causing the death of …
Memory Magazine No. 4
"Memoria. Revista sobre cultura, democracia y derechos humanos" is an academic publication that seeks to contribute reflections to the necessary and urgent public debate in a country marked by two …
Education and Cultural Diversity. Iskay Yachay and Paya Yatiwi in Andean Communities
This series of documents was prepared by Grimaldo Rengifo in his capacity as coordinator of the Children and Biodiversity Project, which PRATEC together with six Andean Cultural Affirmation Nuclei (NACA) …
Anco, Making Memory
At this moment, although pacification has been achieved, much remains to be done on the path toward justice, reparation, and reconciliation. "Anco, haciendo memoria" (Anco, Making Memory) is a proposal …
Peru: Investigating Twenty Years of Recent Violence
The cataclysm that befell Peru during the last two decades of the 20th century — perhaps the most severe in its history — is the subject of all the works …
Education in Vulnerable Peruvian Families
Drawing on various ethnographic fieldwork carried out interchangeably between 2001–2002 and 2007 in the south-central highlands of Peru, this work analyzes how indigenous and peasant families construct certain collective imaginaries …
Education, Citizenship and Violence in Peru: A Reading of the CVR Report
From the rubble of a collapsed educational system, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso emerged. Its main leaders were teachers or university-trained professionals. Universities, Higher Pedagogical Institutes, and secondary schools were its main …
We Are Remembering = Yuyachkanikum
Yuyachkanikum is an educational resource prepared using testimonies collected by the Defensorías Comunitarias of Huancavelica. These bodies carry out important work promoting and monitoring human rights in their communities and …
Teaching in Truth. A Vision of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission from the Articulation Between Truth, Feelings and Human Rights
This text — written while the CVR was midway through its work — was presented as a doctoral thesis in International Human Rights Law. However, it is less concerned with …
Incense and Broom
The mission of the Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Mary in Huancapi began during the harshest years of terrorism in our Peru. As is well known, its cradle was the university …
The School in Times of War: A Look at Education from Crisis and Violence
The study is framed around three central questions. First, what place do the school and the educational system in general occupy in the strategies of the subversive groups and the …
On the Razor's Edge
This document has not yet been digitized in the BVVR. It can be consulted in person at the library of the Centro de Estudios y Promoción de Desarrollo, DESCO, in …
The Discourse of Shining Path. Educational Counter-Text
One wonders whether, beyond the successes, one of the greatest errors of those of us who have approached the study of Sendero Luminoso may have been to speak more about …
Social Variables of Crime and Terrorism in Peru
The purpose of this work is to present the most significant results of social studies conducted on the phenomenon of crime and terrorism in Peru. The studies correspond to an …
Peru: Shining Path and Dark Horizons
This document has not yet been digitized in the BVVR. It can be consulted in person at the library of the Centro de Estudios y Promoción de Desarrollo, DESCO, in …