In 1940, Alto Huallaga was home to 11,623 inhabitants, representing a relatively small population compared to later decades. This figure contrasts significantly with the subsequent population growth: in 1981 it reached 134,600 inhabitants and in 1988 it had a population of 200,000 people. Population growth was related to the colonization …
The Alto Huallaga area was occupied with greater intensity since the beginning of the 1950s by settlers and migrants coming mainly from the highlands of Huánuco, Huancayo, Junín and Cerro de Pasco. These settlers were encouraged, most of the time, by the State through colonization projects (such as Tingo María-Tocache-Campanilla), …
In 1965, the Asháninka people found themselves caught in the violence between the guerrilla group Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionario (MIR) and the Peruvian military. The MIR, led by José De la Puente Uceda, moved their operations to the Asháninka territory in the province of Satipo, Junín, as military repression intensified. …
In 1971, the Sociedad Agraria de Interés Social (SAIS) Cahuide, the largest peasant enterprise in the department of Junín and the entire country created by the agrarian reform, recorded revenues valued at 599,077,830 in 1979. This was one of the most profitable years in its history. SAIS employed 'foreign' professionals …
Until 1975, coca leaf production in Alto Huallaga was mainly destined to supply the traditional demand. Its main consumers were the peasants of Huánuco, Cerro de Pasco, Junín and Andean migrants in Lima and other departments of the northern coast. The business was profitable and many coastal and highland traders …
The Sociedad Agraria de Interés Social (SAIS) Cahuide, the largest peasant enterprise in the department of Junín and the entire country created by the agrarian reform, could not avoid the effects of the 1976 economic crisis. This crisis, together with the contradictions inherent to its structure and organization, seriously affected …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Junín registered 984 Quechua-speaking and 807 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 666 victims, the State Agents for 128, the CADS for 60, the MRTA for 50, and 80 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking …
By the last months of 1980, the PCP-SL had already made contact with some mining settlements in Huancavelica, specifically those located near the department of Ayacucho. The mining centers contacted were Cobriza, Julcani and La Mejorada, located in the provinces of Churcampa and Angaraes respectively. This contact was relatively early …
On May 17, 1980, the same day that in Chuschi a group of PCP-SL militants burned the ballot boxes and electoral material, initiating their 'people's war', another group of Shining Pathists threw dynamite firecrackers at the Provincial Council and the CE No. in Huancayo. This attack marked the beginning of …
On July 20, 1980, militants of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) blew up a section of the railroad connecting La Oroya with Cerro de Pasco. This attack was part of the first violent actions of the PCP-SL in the central region of Peru, specifically in the …
On August 17, 1980, PCP-SL (Shining Path) militants set fire to the Santa Rosa de Sacco District Council in the province of Yauli. This attack was part of the first violent actions of the PCP-SL in the central region of Peru, specifically in the department of Junin. The burning of …
On August 26, 1980, Shining Path militants threw dynamite firecrackers at the Provincial Council of Tarma. This attack was part of the first subversive actions of the PCP-SL in the department of Junin, during the first months of the beginning of the so-called "people's war". The attack was part of …
Alleged subversives set fire to the pastures of the SAIS "Ramón Castilla" in the province of Tarma. This event is part of a series of initial attacks by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso against the Agrarian Societies of Social Interest (SAIS) in the central region of Peru. The attack is framed in …
The Communist Party of Peru-Sendero Luminoso withdrew from the area of Manta and Vilcas in the department of Huancavelica during 1983. This withdrawal coincided with the installation of a military base in the area. The movement of the PCP-SL from this area was part of a moment of advance of …
The PCP-SL experienced a first moment of advance in the area of the SAIS Cahuide between 1983 and 1984, coinciding with its withdrawal from the area of Manta and Vilcas (Huancavelica) in 1983 when a military base was installed. The first PCP-SL incursion into SAIS Cahuide took place in December …
On August 19, 1983, the Peruvian Army perpetrated a massacre in Tsiriari, department of Junin. Eighty fatalities were recorded, of which 79 were unidentified and one was identified as a woman. The remains found showed evidence of sexual violence prior to the murder. One of the victims showed clear signs …
On December 11, 1983, villagers from various communities in the districts of Vilca, Manta and Acobambilla (province of Huancavelica) were gathered by militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in Vilca. The subversives organized these villagers as a 'mass' to assault three Production Units of SAIS Cahuide: Tucle, Laive and Antapongo, located …
In October 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) carried out its first public actions outside Lima, specifically in the city of Huancayo. This event marked the territorial expansion of the MRTA into the central region of the country. The appearance of MRTA in Huancayo contributed to the intensification of …
In October 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) made its public appearance in the department of Junin through a symbolic act: the raising of its flag at different points in the city of Huancayo. This action marks the beginning of the MRTA's activities in the central region of the …
Between 1985 and 1987, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso entered a stage of retreat after the violent state repression in Ayacucho and penetration into other social and geographic spaces. It sought to generate support bases and expand its actions in the central, northeastern and southern Andean regions and in the cities. It …
In March and April 1985, there were bomb attacks against the party offices of the main political parties in Junín. The attacks were directed against the offices of Acción Popular, Partido Popular Cristiano, PAP (Partido Aprista Peruano) and Izquierda Unida. The premises of the Provincial Electoral Registry were also attacked. …
In October 1985, Shining Path carried out a dynamite attack against a locomotive in La Oroya. This attack was part of a series of violent actions by the PCP-SL against the mining and transportation infrastructure in the central region of Peru. The attack was part of the Shining Path's strategy …
The presence of PCP-SL militants in the districts of Ninacaca and Vicco, province of Pasco, has been registered since 1986, arriving later than in other areas of the department. Two years later, in 1988, the leaders of the Ninacaca Communal Cooperative were assassinated, while some animals were slaughtered to supply …
From 1986-1988, the internal armed conflict in Peru took on a relatively more national character, expanding beyond the department of Ayacucho where it had been practically confined between 1982 and 1985. This period marked a new phase of the conflict characterized by the expansion of the actions of the PCP-Sendero …
On July 22, 1986, a subversive contingent of the PCP-SL took over the farmhouse of the Atoccsaico Production Unit, one of the seven production units of the SAIS Túpac Amaru. During this raid, the Shining Path militants assassinated the Administrator of the production unit. This attack was part of a …
On October 25, 1986, PCP-SL (Shining Path) militants killed the Administrator of the Consacc Production Unit and wounded the Deputy Administrator. Consacc was one of the production units of SAIS Túpac Amaru, located in the province of Jauja. This attack was part of a systematic campaign of destruction of the …
From the second half of 1987, the PCP-SL organized popular committees in the territory of many communities in Junín, settling in the Canipaco valley in mid 1988. By the end of 1987, the PCP-SL had armed columns that moved relatively freely from one zone to another in the highlands and …
In 1987, the PCP-SL made its public appearance in the Cunas area, after 7 years of political and military experience in Ayacucho and Huancavelica. The communities of San Juan de Jarpa and San José de Quero (Alto Cunas) were convulsed by the action of the PCP-SL columns. This appearance marked …
From 1987 onwards, systematic attacks by the PCP-SL against the infrastructure and officials of SAIS Cahuide increased. These attacks were part of a second stage of violence, after an initial breakthrough between 1983 and 1984. The PCP-SL took advantage of internal SAIS conflicts, including contradictions between partner and non-partner communities, …
At the end of 1987, the PCP-SL managed to establish armed columns that moved relatively freely between the highlands and jungle of Junín, which allowed it to decree armed strikes with greater frequency in the areas where it exercised control. The PCP-SL began to gain greater presence in the central …
In the last months of 1987, the smaller and more remote hamlets, located southeast of the plateau in the area of the Cahuide SAIS in Junín, began to be victims of looting perpetrated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The looting included food and horses, as well as forced recruitment of villagers. …
At the end of 1987, the PCP-SL consolidated armed columns that moved relatively freely between the highland and jungle zones of Junín. This mobilization capacity allowed it to decree more frequent "armed strikes" in the areas where it had influence and exercised greater control. The PCP-SL began to gain greater …
In 1987, the MRTA began military operations on a larger scale, with the central jungle being the main scenario of the Tupacamarista Popular Army's actions. The Alto and Bajo Yurinaki, Pichanaki; Villarica, Palcazú and Puerto Bermúdez, in the province of Oxapampa and, to a lesser extent, for a very short …
On August 22, 1987, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) dynamited a branch of the Agrarian Bank located in Satipo, province of Junin. After the bombing, MRTA members raised the movement's flag at the site. This attack was part of a series of armed actions that MRTA had been carrying …
On September 12, 1987, a PCP-SL hiker column successively raided the districts of Cochas and Comas, in the Tulumayo basin. This event marks the beginning of the PCP-SL's violent activities in the Tulumayo region. The incursion is part of the new escalation of trekking operations that began in 1987 in …
On September 12, 1987, a Shining Path column of the PCP-SL successively raided the district capitals of Cochas and Comas, in the Tulumayo basin. During these incursions, the Shining Pathists threatened the local authorities and demanded their resignation, distributing a communiqué stating that the Communist Party of Peru had been …
The districts of Paucartambo and Huachón, located in the department of Pasco, together with Ninacaca, Vicco, Carhuamayo and Ulcumayo were part of the same PCP-SL area of operations. Subversive activity in these districts began around 1988, approximately six years later than in other districts in the north of Junín province. …
Since the second semester of 1987, the PCP-SL organizes popular committees in the territory of many communities of Junín, settling in the Canipaco valley since mid 1988. The communities of Alto and Bajo Tulumayo are convulsed by the action of the PCP-SL columns, as well as the communities of San …
In mid-1988, the PCP-SL destroyed the police posts that the police had established in Chongos Alto and Yanacancha to guard the Canipaco valley area. These police posts represented the presence of the State in the region, where land conflicts were developing between communities and SAIS Cahuide. The army had been …
In the last months of 1988, a state of emergency was decreed throughout the department of Junín. This decree was a response to the intensification of PCP-SL violence in the region, which included the destruction of police posts in Chongos Alto and Yanacancha in mid-1988, and multiple incursions into communities …
The hikers took the young women to the park called Ushlalatuco, where they raped them and prepared them physically and militarily. They also trained them to loot animals and learned how to handle weapons so that they could carry out raids. The girls who suffered these acts were sixteen years …
From 1986-1988, the internal armed conflict in Peru acquired a relatively more national character, expanding beyond its initial epicenter in Ayacucho. This expansion coincided with the 'leap to strategic balance' undertaken by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and a refinement of the State's counter-subversive strategy. Between 1989 and 1991, the central region, …
Faced with the increase in subversive actions and the territorial expansion of the PCP-SL and MRTA in the region, Alan Garcia's government declared the provinces of Chanchamayo, Oxapampa and Satipo in a state of emergency in 1988. This measure was taken in response to the growing control that both subversive …
In 1988, PCP-Sendero Luminoso militants assassinated the leaders of the Ninacaca Communal Cooperative. During this raid, in addition to the assassination of the leaders, some animals were slaughtered to supply the PCP-SL militants, while others were distributed among the villagers. The presence of PCP-SL militants in Ninacaca and the neighboring …
On February 10, 1988, PCP-SL militants launched a wave of simultaneous dynamite attacks against multiple targets in the city of Huancayo. Targets attacked included the Departmental Directorate of Junin, the Savings Bank, the District Council of El Tambo, the Superior Court of Justice, the Junin Development Corporation, the Bank of …
In March 1989, around 30 armed MRTA men attacked the Pichanaki police post in Chanchamayo province. This attack was part of the MRTA's operations in the central jungle during its period of expansion in the area. A few days after this attack, the subversives marched into the Junin highlands to …
In May 1988, a general assembly of members approved the "restructuring" of SAIS Cahuide, the largest peasant enterprise in the department of Junín and the entire country created by the agrarian reform. This decision came about as a result of the economic crisis that had affected the company since 1976, …
In June 1988, a Shining Path PCP column attacked the village of Cuticsa in the department of Junin. During this attack, 11 peasants were killed. This attack was part of a series of violent incursions by the PCP-SL in the region during that period, which also included the attack on …
In October 1988, a column of the Shining Path PCP attacked the town of Puyhuán in the province of Junín. During this attack, the subversive group killed 15 peasants. This attack was part of a series of violent incursions by the PCP-SL in the region during that period, including a …
In October 1988, the entire department of Junin and the province of Oxapampa were declared in a state of emergency. By that time, the Shining Path PCP had organized numerous Popular Committees in the Ene valley, which were set up as support bases for their incursions. Despite the state of …
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