The Communist Party of Peru-Sendero Luminoso began the execution of its plan called 'Initiation of the Armed Struggle' (ILA) against the Peruvian State on the day of the general elections, the first after 14 years. In doing so, it expressed its rejection of the democratic political system that was about …
In March 1981, Decree Law No. 046 was enacted, which typified the crime of terrorism and established penalties against those who incurred in it. This was one of the first legislative measures of the Peruvian State to confront the beginning of subversive actions. However, according to the CVR report, it …
In 1982, the Peruvian army installed military bases in the districts of Castrovirreyna and Santa Inés in the department of Huancavelica. These military installations were established in the context of the internal armed conflict and the presence of the Shining Path in the region. The bases were strategically located in …
On August 20, 1982, a State of Emergency was declared in Lima and Callao, after it had already been decreed in some places in the interior of the country. This measure marked the beginning of a series of attacks in the capital and was part of the State's response to …
In January 1983, the Political-Military Command was installed in the provinces of Ayacucho, Huancavelica and Apurímac as a response of the Peruvian State to the expansion of the Shining Path. This measure implied the entry of the Armed Forces into the areas affected by subversive violence. The Command established a …
The Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) ordered an armed strike on January 8, 1983 in the department of Ayacucho. This strike took place in a context of increasing political violence, just days after the Armed Forces assumed internal control of the department on December 31, 1982. General …
On March 9, 1983, a State of Emergency was declared for the first time in Metropolitan Lima, marking a milestone in the state response to the internal armed conflict. This measure came after a State of Emergency had already been declared in some areas of the interior of the country. …
In 1984, a State of Emergency was declared and the army entered the upper Huallaga jungle. This measure was taken in the context of growing violence related to drug trafficking and the presence of subversive groups. The militarization of the area marked a change in the State's security strategy, although …
In 1985, the Peruvian State deployed counter-subversive military bases in various localities in the department of Pasco in response to the advance of the Shining Path. This military deployment followed the declaration of a state of emergency in the province of Pasco on May 10, 1985, precipitated by the assassination …
On June 1, 1989, the Peruvian State declared Ucayali an emergency zone and installed a Political-Military Command led by the Navy. This measure was taken in response to the problems generated by the hyperinflation of 1989, which prevented the state-owned companies ENCI and ECASA from paying peasants for their production, …
On June 1, 1989, the Peruvian State declared Ucayali an emergency zone, installing a Political-Military Command led by the Navy. This measure was taken in response to the problems generated by the hyperinflation of 1989, which prevented the state-owned companies ENCI and ECASA from paying peasants, causing regional strikes organized …
Law 25031, published on June 2, 1989, modified several articles of Law 24700, which established procedural norms for the police investigation, instruction and trial of crimes committed for terrorist purposes. This law developed a new anti-terrorist legislative scheme characterized by a rupture of the constitutional model of crime investigation by …
The third national mining strike began on August 14, 1989, in compliance with the mandate of the Second Ordinary National Congress of the FNTMMSP held in June of that year. This mining protest took place in a heavily militarized environment, with repressive measures that included the militarization of the camps …
Víctor Taipe Zúñiga, president of the National Federation of Mining, Metal and Steel Workers of Peru (FNTMMSP), was arrested on November 20, 1989. This arrest occurred in the context of the third national mining strike and the repressive measures implemented by the Peruvian State against the mining union movement. At …
The Federación Nacional de Trabajadores Mineros, Metalúrgicos y Siderúrgicos del Perú (FNTMMSP) filed a complaint with the International Labor Organization (ILO) denouncing actions against freedom of association by the Peruvian State. The complaint alleged the detention of Víctor Taipe Zúñiga, president of the FNTMMSP, on November 20, 1989, who up …
The National Federation of Miners, Metallurgists and Steelworkers of Peru (FNTMMSP) filed a complaint with the International Labor Organization on April 5, 1990, denouncing illegal detentions of workers at the Marcavalle barracks. The detained workers were Edgar Bujaico, Martín Mucha Aliaga, Edgar Julián Mauricio, Abdón Acuña Asto, Oscar Pariona Clemente, …
On April 28, 1991, the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture entered into force for Peru. This regional convention reinforced the international obligations of the Peruvian State regarding torture and had consequences in the incorporation of the crime of torture in the 1991 Penal Code.
On November 3, 1991, the Colina Group murdered 16 people who were participating in a pollada in Barrios Altos, leaving four others seriously wounded. This was the first event for which the Colina Group became known to the public. The Colina Group was a death squad that operated as part …
The TRC found that the strict and uncritical application of the 1992 anti-terrorist legislation meant that the prosecution of detainees did not guarantee fair trials. Hundreds of innocent people had to suffer long sentences. The violation of due process guarantees cast a shadow of doubt over the proceedings. The discredit …
Beginning in May 1992, new anti-terrorist legislation was established that established severe penalties and special procedures for the investigation and trial of cases typified as crimes of terrorism and treason. This legislation was accompanied by the Repentance Law, a procedure that offered benefits in exchange for informing on those allegedly …
Decree Law No. 25659 of August 13, 1992 created the crime of treason, denaturalizing its traditional conception and limiting it to a legal denomination of the aggravated type of the crime of terrorism. The law established that treason is committed by those who use car bombs, explosive devices or weapons …
Supreme Resolution No. 114-92, enacted on August 14, 1992, approved the Regulations for Visits to inmates for the crime of Terrorism. This regulation was part of the set of decree laws issued after the coup d'état of April 1992, which established a restrictive legal framework for persons accused or convicted …
Decree Law 25744 established rules applicable during the police investigation of the crime of treason. This norm established an unconstitutional extension of the term of police detention, prescribing that the National Police of Peru could carry out preventive detention of the presumed implicated for a term longer than fifteen days, …
Decree Law No. 25880, enacted on November 26, 1992, typified the apology made by teachers with their students as a crime of treason. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was part of the policy of expanding the conducts …
Decree Law No. 25916, enacted on December 2, 1992, maintained the prohibition of penitentiary and procedural benefits for persons convicted of terrorism. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree eliminated rights such as parole, semi-liberty, probation, redemption of sentences …
Due to the intense violence in the area, the army militarized the province. In response to the escalation of actions by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso, the Peruvian state installed three military bases in strategic locations in the province of Barranca. This militarization was part of the counter-subversive strategy implemented in the …
The National Human Rights Coordinator (CNDDHH) initiated in 1993 the campaign 'In the Name of the Innocents' as a response to the dramatic situation generated for hundreds of innocent people who were unjustly detained and their families. This campaign arose in the context of the new anti-terrorist legislation established as …
The Peruvian State ratified ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries through Legislative Resolution No. 26253 dated December 2, 1993. This agreement was published in the Diario El Peruano on December 5, 1993. ILO Convention 169 of 1989 replaced the previous Convention 107 of 1957 on …
In Report 19/94, the Inter-American Commission determined that the Peruvian State is responsible for the violation, to the detriment of Ernesto Castillo-Páez, of the right to personal liberty, to personal integrity, to life and to effective judicial protection, as well as of the judicial guarantees of due process of law …
Law No. 26508, enacted on July 21, 1995, criminalized acts of terrorism committed by people who had previously benefited from the repentance laws as treason. This law was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted during the government of Alberto Fujimori, specifically in the post-coup period of 1992. The law was …
In 1996 the Challapalca Special Closed Regime Prison was built and implemented, located in the department of Puno, province of Collao, district of Capazo, at an altitude of 4,200 meters above sea level. This penitentiary establishment expresses the criterion of punishment over rehabilitation or resocialization. It is characterized by difficulties …
Between 1996 and 1999, the Peruvian State had to pardon 502 people unjustly convicted of terrorism and treason. This was a consequence of the serious errors committed by the system implemented to prosecute the accused, which violated elementary principles of due process. The magnitude of these errors demonstrated the structural …
Supreme Decree No. 005-97, promulgated on June 24, 1997, established the Regulations for the regime of life and progressive treatment of inmates for terrorism and treason. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation implemented during Alberto Fujimori's government. The decree regulated the conditions of confinement and the specific penitentiary …
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights condemned the Peruvian State for the detention and disappearance of Ernesto Castillo-Páez, affirming that Articles 4 (right to life), 5 (right to personal integrity), 7 (right to personal liberty) and 25 (judicial protection) of the American Convention, all in relation to Article 1, paragraph …
On April 13, 1999, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights issued Report No. 54/99 on Case No. 10,879, concluding that members of the Peruvian Army arbitrarily detained seven citizens of the town of Huancapi, Ayacucho, on April 19, 1991. The Commission recommended that the Peruvian government conclude the judicial investigations …
On April 13, 2000, the OAS Inter-American Commission on Human Rights concluded that the Peruvian State, through police officers from the district of Chuschi supported by military personnel from the Pampa Cangallo Military Base, detained Manuel Pacotaype Chaupín, Martín Cayllahua Galindo, Marcelo Cabana Tucno and Isaías Huamán Vila on March …
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a judgment in the Cantoral Benavides Case on August 18, 2000. In this judgment, the Court established that the criminal offense of treason violates the principle of legality, considered the cornerstone of the rule of law and a structural principle of criminal law. …
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