On 24 October 1973, the SUTEP (Sindicato Único de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú) organized a national strike in response to the repressive measures of the Peruvian government under General Juan Velasco Alvarado. The strike led to the arrest of over 500 teachers, with 91 being sent to the …
In 1977, a national strike took place in Peru, driven by the movement of labor unions demanding better wages and political objectives. The government and businesses perceived the strike as a communist agitation, leading to the dismissal of union leaders. This event highlighted the tensions between the government, businesses, and …
The SiderPerú workers' strike, which began on December 6, 1977, was supported by the social organizations of Chimbote, its Bishop and its Mayor. Towards the end of January 1978, in the face of growing social protests and provincial strikes, the government gave in to the workers' demands. The government announced …
In 1979, the Peruvian government initiated Operation 'Mar Verde' as an anti-narcotics effort, which later influenced military strategies against subversive forces in the region. By 1984, the military had established over 60 bases in the emergency zone to counteract the activities of the PCP-SL, a subversive group. Despite increased military …
In response to recent economic measures taken by the government, a national strike was held in Peru on May 23 and 24. The government responded to the disturbances by suspending constitutional guarantees and declaring a state of emergency across the nation. This period was marked by significant political and social …
In 1980, the Peruvian government initiated the 'Paraíso Terrenal' colonization plan, leading to the migration of various groups into the Apurímac forest. This period saw increased conflict in the central jungle region, with the presence of insurgent groups such as the MRTA and PCP-SL. The local communities, including native Asháninkas …
In November 1980, the Peruvian government, under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry, formalized the return of media outlets to private ownership. This marked a significant shift from the previous military regime's control, which had expropriated television and newspaper companies in the early 1970s. The return to democracy allowed media outlets to …
In March 1981, the Peruvian government enacted Legislative Decree Nº046 to address acts of violence by defining and penalizing terrorism as a criminal offense. This marked the beginning of a specialized penal legislation aimed at transforming the regular sanctioning framework for such crimes. The legislation laid down basic rules for …
In March 1981, the Peruvian government issued Legislative Decree 046, which defined and established procedural norms for the crime of terrorism. This legislative action was part of a broader debate among political leaders about the nature and extent of terrorism in the country. While some officials, like Senator Alva, advocated …
In response to increasing attacks by the Shining Path (PCP-SL), the Peruvian government introduced the antiterrorist decree-law 046 in February 1981. This decree aimed to legally address the terrorism threat posed by the insurgent group. Despite concerns from leftist representatives about potential impacts on civil liberties, the decree was officially …
In May 1981, the Peruvian government deployed the Sinchis (GC) and Llapan Atic (GR) forces to Ayacucho to combat the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL). This marked a significant escalation in the government's efforts to address the growing insurgency in the region.
In May 1981, the revolutionary group Sendero Luminoso, led by Abimael Guzmán, initiated a violent campaign to overthrow the Peruvian government. This campaign involved brutal attacks on police posts and state authorities, as well as efforts to establish new power structures in rural areas. Despite early warnings and intelligence reports, …
On October 12, 1981, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in five provinces of Ayacucho. This marked the first use of such measures following the return to civilian government. The state of emergency allowed the military to assume control over internal order, leading to a suspension of constitutional …
In 1982, the Peruvian government, led by President Belaunde, faced significant challenges from the terrorist activities of the PCP-SL (Shining Path). The government's military response included an ultimatum issued on December 27, followed by the deployment of around 2000 army personnel to the emergency zone on December 31. Despite these …
In 1982, the Peruvian government faced a severe internal crisis as the PCP-SL (Shining Path) undermined the state's legal and institutional structures in the central Andes. The military was tasked with controlling the internal order in the emergency zone, a mission complicated by the absence of a functioning legal system …
In 1982, the Peruvian government, facing increasing subversive threats, enacted Law 24150, which marked a significant shift towards militarization in the fight against insurgent groups like Sendero Luminoso. This law was enacted amidst a change in government and was criticized for undermining democratic civilian power by granting more control to …
In response to increasing violence from the PCP-SL, the Peruvian government decided in late 1982 to transfer the responsibility of counter-subversive efforts to the armed forces. This decision marked the beginning of a militarization process that lasted over a decade, leading to significant human rights violations. The establishment of political-military …
The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) was founded on March 1, 1982, in Peru, emerging from the unification of the MIR El Militante and the Partido Socialista Revolucionario Marxista Leninista. The MRTA sought to establish a guerrilla army modeled after Latin American revolutionary movements, engaging in armed conflict during Peru's …
On March 3, 1982, Captain Luis Rodriguez Hernandez was assassinated in Talavera, Peru, by members of the Shining Path (PCP-SL). This event was part of a series of violent actions carried out by the group in the region, which included assaults on police stations and the liberation of prisoners. The …
Following an attack on the CRAS by the PCP-SL, the Peruvian government reestablished the state of emergency in Huamanga on 3 March 1982. The situation escalated as the PCP-SL continued to attack police detachments, leading to a strategic error by the police forces who decided to retreat, leaving areas vulnerable …
In July 1982, the Sendero Luminoso launched its largest offensive since the beginning of its armed struggle, with 34 terrorist actions and five mass incursions into small towns. This included attacks on municipalities in Ayacucho and the assassination of local officials. In response to the escalating violence, the Peruvian government …
On August 22, 1982, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) attacked a police post in Vilcashuamán, Peru. The confrontation lasted for five hours and resulted in the deaths of seven police officers. This event was part of the broader conflict between the Peruvian government and the Shining Path insurgency during the early …
In 1982, thousands of coca farmers from regions including Chinchao, Monzón, Leoncio Prado, Tocache, and Padre Abad gathered in Tingo María to commence an indefinite strike on November 25. The strike was a response to the Peruvian government's prohibition of legal coca trade through the Empresa Nacional de la Coca …
In December 1982, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in the southern central highlands, transferring control to the military. This decision was made in response to increasing violence and unrest caused by the activities of the PCP Sendero Luminoso, which had been intensifying its attacks on public infrastructure …
In response to subversive groups challenging the constitutional order, the Peruvian government authorized the armed forces to confront these groups starting on 29 December 1982. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) found that the military initially engaged in indiscriminate repression, which later became more selective but still resulted in numerous …
In January 1983, the Peruvian government placed the fight against subversion in the hands of the armed forces in areas declared as emergency zones. This decision led to a lack of proper oversight and control by the central government, resulting in a military-led approach that often violated fundamental citizen rights. …
In 1983, various military bases were established in the Ayacucho region of Peru, including the Base Militar de Ccoisa and the Base Militar de Cayara. These bases were part of the Peruvian government's efforts to combat insurgent activities during a period of internal conflict.
The tragedy of Uchuraccay refers to a violent incident in January 1983, where journalists were killed in the Ayacucho region of Peru. The event highlighted the tensions between the military and the press during a period of armed conflict involving the Peruvian government and insurgent groups. General Roberto Clemente Noel …
In January 1983, the armed forces assumed control over the regions of Ayacucho and Huancavelica in Peru. This period saw increased pressure from the government and military on the press in conflict areas, alongside actions to influence public perception. The regional press adopted the government's labeling of PCP-SL members as …
In 1983, Amnesty International presented a report to the Peruvian government under President Fernando Belaunde Terry, highlighting the issue of forced disappearances during the internal armed conflict. This report, along with subsequent actions by human rights lawyers in 1984, brought international attention to the human rights violations occurring in Peru. …
On February 2, 1983, the Peruvian government appointed the Uchuraccay Events Investigation Commission, chaired by writer Mario Vargas Llosa. This commission was created to investigate the massacre of eight journalists that occurred on January 26, 1983 in the community of Uchuraccay, province of Huanta, Ayacucho. According to the CVR report, …
In response to the destruction of a bridge that cut off access and supply routes, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in Ayacucho on April 22, 1983. This period saw a significant increase in victims, with the security forces being responsible for many deaths and disappearances, particularly in …
On May 25, 1983, a police strike occurred in Peru, primarily demanding salary improvements. The strike led to the government declaring a state of emergency in Lima and Callao, suspending constitutional guarantees, and deploying army tanks to patrol the streets. The strike resulted in the approval of salary homologation for …
In response to increased subversive activities by the PCP-SL, the Peruvian government declared a State of Emergency in various provinces, including Huancavelica. On 21 March 1984, military bases were established in the districts of Vilca and Manta to provide security. However, these military forces were reported to have committed human …
On May 9, 1984, subversives attacked the village of Paiccas in the Province of La Mar, Ayacucho, killing 21 campesinos and injuring 45 others. This event was part of a larger wave of violence in the region, where members of the PCP-SL targeted several villages, resulting in the deaths of …
In July 1984, following an increase in terrorist actions, the Peruvian government, led by President Fernando Belaunde Terry, engaged in discussions with military leaders to address the situation. The government decided to extend the state of emergency for thirty days, which included the suspension of constitutional guarantees. Despite concerns about …
In August 1984, a series of human rights violations were reported in Peru, including the murder of evangelists in Callqui-Nisperocniyoc, the disappearance of journalist Jaime Ayala, and the discovery of mass graves in Pucayacu. Despite these reports, the Peruvian government did not significantly alter its counterinsurgency strategy. The military leadership …
In 1985, a month and a half before President Alan García assumed office, the Peruvian government promulgated DL 24150. This decree allowed the military to assume control over internal order in certain zones, effectively limiting the power of civilian authorities. Despite this, elections and appointments of authorities continued, highlighting the …
In response to the assassination of Professor Luis Alberto Aguilar Cajahuamán by the PCP-SL, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in the province of Pasco on May 10, 1985. This led to the establishment of military bases and a significant increase in human rights violations, including arbitrary detentions, …
In response to widespread corruption within the Peruvian Police of Investigations, highlighted by a scandal involving narcotics traffickers protected by former high-ranking police officials, the Peruvian government enacted a reorganization of the police forces. On August 14, 1985, the government passed law 24294, granting the Executive branch the authority to …
In September 1985, reports emerged of clandestine graves linked to massacres carried out by military patrols in Pucayacu and Accomarca, resulting in 7 and 69 deaths, respectively. The Peruvian government launched an investigation, leading to the resignation of military leaders and marking a shift from previous governmental responses. This swift …
On December 27, 1985, negotiations between the Peruvian government and foreign oil companies culminated. These negotiations took place in the context of President Alan Garcia Perez's decision to terminate the oil operation contracts with Occidental Petroleum Corporation del Peru, Belco Petroleum Company and the Oxy-Bridas Consortium. The government had announced …
In 1986, the largest collective crime in Peru occurred in three penitentiary establishments. This event, along with other significant incidents in 1985 and 1992, highlighted the incompatibility of the Peruvian prison regime with international human rights standards. International human rights organizations repeatedly warned the Peruvian government about these violations, especially …
In 1986, a significant event known as the 'Matanza de los Penales' occurred at El Frontón prison in Peru. This event was part of a broader period of conflict involving the PCP-SL and the MRTA, where both groups were engaged in violent actions against the state and political figures. The …
In 1986, the Peruvian government introduced the PROEM program, which allowed companies to hire workers without job stability for up to two years. This program was extensively used by employers to circumvent labor stability, leading to increased underemployment and impacting union representation. The initiative was part of broader labor reforms …
On February 7, 1986, the Peruvian government promulgated Supreme Decrees 005 and 006, initiating a land restructuring process. This led to tensions in Puno, where President Alan García criticized local leaders and his party members for their handling of the situation. The Empresa Rural de Propiedad Social Kunurana became a …
In June 1986, inmates accused of terrorism and belonging to the PCP-Sendero Luminoso staged riots in the prisons of Lurigancho, Santa Bárbara del Callao, and the island of Frontón. The prisoners took control of the facilities, captured weapons, and held hostages, aiming to discredit the government of President Alan García. …
In June 1986, a massacre occurred in the prisons of El Frontón, Lurigancho, and Santa Bárbara in Peru, where inmates associated with the Shining Path (SL) were killed. This event marked a significant point in the conflict between the Peruvian government and insurgent groups, leading to increased autonomy for the …
On June 17, 1986, inmates associated with the Shining Path at the Lurigancho, El Frontón, and Santa Bárbara prisons in Peru took hostages and seized control of their pavilions, demanding their conditions be met. The Peruvian government, led by President García, handed control to the military, resulting in a violent …
In 1986, a series of prison riots occurred in Lima, Peru, involving militants of Sendero Luminoso who were detained in various penal establishments. On June 18, 1986, riots erupted in three prisons, including the notorious El Frontón, where inmates had taken hostages. The Peruvian government, under the advice of the …
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