Between 1975 and 1977, the leftist parties began to have a presence in the popular and peasant movements of Sint Maarten. They succeeded in getting the Agrarian Leagues of San Martin, centralized in the FASMA, to move away from the influence of SINAMOS and demand greater autonomy. The struggles, which …
In November 1979, a significant strike was organized by coca producers in the departments of Huánuco, San Martín, and Ucayali, under the leadership of Tito Jaime. The protest, which involved 3,000 coca growers and road blockades, was a response to DL 22095 and aimed to initiate dialogue on coca-related issues. …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of San Martin registered 84 Quechua-speaking and 620 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 43 victims, State agents for 28, the MRTA for 3, and 10 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, the Shining Path …
In 1981, the Regional Congress of the Unitary Union of Education Workers of San Martin (SUTE-SM) was held in the town of Sauce, province of San Martin. During this congress the Board of Directors of SUTE-SM was renewed for a period of two years. This event was part of the …
In 1981, the MIR-VR significantly influenced the political landscape in San Martín, Peru, by winning the leadership of the SUTE-SM during its regional congress in Sauce. The victory was led by Lucas Cachay Huamán and marked a pivotal moment for the MIR-VR, as it expanded its influence across various cities …
In 1981 the Departmental Congress of the MIR-VR (Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria - Voz Rebelde) was held in Tarapoto where the Departmental Directorate was elected. The objective of this Departmental Directorate was to strengthen the movement through permanent coordination with all the militant cadres distributed in the different districts and …
On August 1, 1981, multiple simultaneous bombings took place in different parts of Lima. The targets included 4 premises of Acción Popular (AP), 3 of them located in San Martin and Barrios Altos, as well as 3 Peace Courts and the ESAL Office in Villa el Salvador. These attacks were …
In January 1982, the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR-VR) organized a political-military doctrinal school in the area of Alto Shanusi. It was attended by a total of fifteen physically and ideologically fit combatants, determined to begin the armed struggle. The purpose of the school was to train future subversives in the …
The MIR-VR organized a convention in the locality of Shapaja during 1982, shortly after having carried out a political-military doctrinal school in the zone of Alto Shanusi in January of that year. In this convention, a group of Miristas who had fulfilled the function of recruiting new militants were chosen …
In 1982, the MIR-VR held a departmental congress in Juan Guerra, San Martín, where they elected their regional leadership. They decided to establish their first military school in Alto Shanusi under the direction of 'comrade Darío', a veteran of the Sandinista Front. The school started with 15 members, but many …
Between 1982 and 1984, MIR-VR area managers had the mission to travel throughout their area in order to prepare maps for population and housing censuses. This task included locating villages, roads, paths, trails, trails, native ethnic groups, bridges, streams, among other geographic and demographic elements. The people leaving the political-military …
Between 1982 and 1984, the MIR-VR carried out territorial reconnaissance work in San Martin, with area leaders who traveled throughout the area making maps, carrying out population and housing censuses, and locating villages, roads, paths, trails, trails, native ethnic groups, bridges and streams. By 1984, the MIR-VR already had a …
The Comando Unitario de Lucha (CUL), presided over by Professor Lucas Cachay, promoted the first departmental strike of urban and rural workers in 1984. The CUL was formed in Tarapoto to fill the leadership vacuum evidenced during the 1982 strike in Juan Guerra and Tabalosos, which left 5 dead and …
In 1984, the MRTA and the MIR-VR formed an alliance to establish a Guerrilla Front in the department of San Martin, Peru. This front was commanded by a Regional Directorate in charge of developing the political and military struggle, organizing and making the local population aware of the armed struggle. …
On July 2, 1984, members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso broke into the towns of Huayrapata, San Antonio de Paterini, San Martin and Quillabamba, all located in the district of San Francisco, province of La Mar. The attackers killed forty peasants who had collaborated with the forces of law and order. …
Beginning in 1985, drug production and commercialization began to take place openly on the Tamaya River, along with Lake Imiría and the Abujao River in Ucayali. This area became an important center for the production of cocaine paste. Drug trafficking in this area later intensified when drug trafficking firms were …
An emerretista commando took over the Historical Museum of Huaura and recovered a silver replica of San Martin's sword, the original flag with which he proclaimed the independence of Peru, the Order of the Sun Decoration and the original of San Martin's Proclamation. With this symbolic gesture, the MRTA sought …
In 1986, tensions between the MRTA and PCP-SL escalated into confrontations, notably in the district of Tocache, San Martín. Despite efforts by MRTA to collaborate with other political groups, PCP-SL viewed them as adversaries, leading to increased hostilities in subsequent years. By September 1987, PCP-SL officially categorized MRTA as part …
The MRTA had a strong presence in Aucayacu between 1986 and 1989. In the mid-1980s, small MRTA groups operated and even carried out attacks in the urban area of Tocache, but their weight was minimal compared to that of the PCP-SL. MRTA's presence in Aucayacu was significant during this period, …
In April 1986, a regional strike was held in San Martin which forced the APRA government to send an official delegation made up of several ministers and high-ranking officials. The negotiation lasted 16 uninterrupted hours before the Comando Unitario de Lucha (CUL) and 200 delegates from the rank and file. …
In 1987, in the Morales barracks located in the province of Tarapoto, department of San Martin, a witness reported to the TRC the rape of a woman by numerous military personnel. This case is part of the systematic pattern of sexual violence perpetrated by members of the armed forces against …
The MRTA cut the truce granted to Garcia and opened a guerrilla front in the department of San Martin with great publicity, barely three months after the attempt to nationalize the banks. The television coverage given to the MRTA campaign was enormous. The guerrilla chief Victor Polay became a well-known …
In 1987, MRTA cadres from different departments of Peru were sent to the department of San Martin to form part of the Northeastern Front, the first MRTA Guerrilla Front. This experience was to serve as a model for cadres from other departments to form their respective Guerrilla Fronts. After the …
In 1987, the MRTA established the Valle del Sisa military detachment, commanded by Carlos Arango, as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This area was considered strategic by the MRTA because it was an access point to the Alto Mayo, Middle Mayo, Huayabamba Valley and Central Huallaga. …
Since the Peruvian Army took charge of the counter-subversive struggle in San Martin, it committed numerous abuses against the civilian population. Violations included arbitrary detentions, robberies, theft of objects and money from the inhabitants of the department's villages and towns. Between 1987 and 1993, 496 arbitrary detentions and 98 people …
Commander Raul was the military commander of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin between 1987 and 1988. As military chief, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the FNO's political actions. The …
In 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated its first military campaign, 'Tupac Amaru Vive,' involving incursions into various cities in San Martín, Peru. This campaign was part of a broader struggle for regional autonomy and political decentralization, amidst the backdrop of political violence. The Peruvian state responded by …
In 1987, a group of subversives formed an army in San Martín, Peru, composed of militants from MIR-VR and MRTA. They trained in the Pongo de Caynarachi-Shanusi area and launched the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' military campaign on October 8, with incursions into several towns including Tabalosos, Macedas, Soritor, Juanjuí, San …
In 1987, a woman was subjected to sexual violence by numerous military personnel at the Morales military base in Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru. A witness, who was detained and tortured at the time, recounted the horrific event where the woman was abused by 30 to 40 soldiers. The incident highlights …
In 1987, the MRTA ended its truce with President Alan García and launched a guerrilla campaign in the San Martín department. This campaign was heavily publicized, occurring shortly after the controversial attempt to nationalize the banking sector, which had intensified opposition against the government. Despite the significant media coverage and …
In 1987, the violence in the northeastern region of Peru intensified with the involvement of new actors, including the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru (MRTA) and paramilitary groups like 'Rodrigo Franco'. The MRTA initiated armed conflict in the southern part of San Martín, clashing with both state forces and the PCP-SL …
In March 1987, a significant clash occurred between the guerrilla groups MRTA and SL in the city of Tocache. A group of 100 MRTA guerrillas attempted to take control of the city but were defeated by SL forces, resulting in the loss of 40 MRTA members. This defeat hindered MRTA's …
In May 1987, the first Founding Congress of the Frente de Defensa de los Intereses del Pueblo de San Martín (FEDIP-SM) was held, with a majority of the provincial bases in attendance. This congress formalized the creation of an organization that would become the main leadership body in the region, …
On June 16, 1987, members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso assassinated the APRA provincial mayor of Picota, Rafael Saavedra Saavedra. This assassination was part of the selective annihilation strategy of the PCP-SL against local political authorities, especially those linked to the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP). The crime occurred in the context …
In 1987 an army of MRTA subversives was formed in San Martin. Both forces (political and military) united in the Pongo de Caynarachi-Shanusi area, where they trained militarily and politically during the months of July, August and September 1987. The training was led by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor …
The MRTA began its public military actions in 1987 with the formation of the Northeastern Front. The control zone considered strategic by the MRTA was the Sisa Valley, the access point to the Alto Mayo, Middle Mayo, Huayabamba Valley and Central Huallaga. The first incursion, very brief, occurred on July …
On July 13, 1987, the town of Campanilla in the San Martín and Loreto regions of Peru was taken and occupied by subversive forces. During this event, public buildings were set on fire. This incident was part of a series of violent actions in the region during the late 1980s.
On July 13, 1987, a state of emergency was declared in the regions of Huanuco and San Martin in Peru. This declaration was part of the government's response to increasing violence and insurgency activities by groups such as the PCP-SL (Shining Path) and MRTA. The situation escalated to the point …
On August 30, 1987, the MRTA carried out its second incursion in the town of Pajarillo, located in the Sisa Valley, an area considered strategic by this subversive organization. This incursion was as fleeting as the first one that had occurred in Campanilla on July 13 of the same year. …
On October 8, 1987, the MRTA began the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Victor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Nestor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincon (c) Francisco. The campaign began with the raid on the villages of Tabalosos and Macedas. This date was chosen to commemorate the 20th …
On October 8, 1987, on the anniversary of Ernesto Che Guevara's death, a contingent of eighty men of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) entered the town of Tabalosos in the department of San Martin. This action was part of a series of town seizures that the MRTA carried out …
On October 18, 1987, the MRTA took over the town of Soritor as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of towns that the Tupac Amaru Army (ET) carried out in the department of San Martin during the …
In November 1987, tensions escalated between the MRTA and PCP-SL in San Martín, Peru. The MRTA accused the PCP-SL of violent attacks not only against them but also against popular sectors and organizations. The MRTA criticized the PCP-SL's actions as detrimental to the revolutionary cause and called for adherence to …
The MRTA took over Juanjui and San José de Sisa in San Martin. As a result of this action, the Government handed over military control of the area to the Armed Forces. This seizure of towns was one of the most important actions of the MRTA in the San Martin …
In November 1987, the MRTA raided Juanjui as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action forced the government to decree a state of emergency and a curfew in San Martin. The incursion unleashed a strong state repression that included the persecution of union and popular leaders, especially …
After the MRTA raid on Juanjui on November 6, 1987, the department of San Martin was declared in a state of emergency. In November 1987, the Political-Military Command of the Huallaga Front was established as the Peruvian State's response to MRTA's armed actions in the region. This military command was …
In the face of MRTA's armed actions in the northeastern jungle of the country, the government proceeds to hand over to the Armed Forces the political-military control of the entire department of San Martin. This decision comes after a column of seventy MRTA members seized several localities in the department, …
In early November, a column of seventy members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) took control of several towns in the San Martín department of Peru, including Juanjui, San José de Sisa, Shatoja, and San Martín de Alao. The events were captured by Lima television cameras, which also interviewed …
On November 7, 1987, the MRTA carried out an attack on the Rioja police post as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This attack took place on the same day as the takeover of San José de Sisa, where the MRTA troops arrived without firing a single shot. …
During a series of takeovers of localities by the MRTA in the department of San Martin, journalists interviewed Commander Rolando, head of the MRTA column, in the context of the armed actions that led the government to hand over political-military control of the entire department of San Martin to the …
On November 7, 1987, MRTA troops reached San José de Sisa without firing a single shot. This action was part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. The seizure of San José de Sisa …
A column of seventy MRTA members took the locality of Shatoja on November 8, 1987, as part of a series of coordinated actions in the department of San Martin. This seizure was part of a sequence of MRTA raids that included Juanjui (November 6), San Jose de Sisa (November 7), …
A column of seventy MRTA members took the town of San Martin de Alao on November 9, 1987. This action was part of a series of takeovers of towns in the department of San Martin carried out by the MRTA between November 6 and 9. The column also took other …
On November 9, 1987, the MRTA raided the town of Senami as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages that the MRTA carried out in San Martin during October, November and December 1987. The military campaign …
The subversive forces of the MRTA took the district of Chazuta in the province of San Martin. Finally, the subversive forces retreated to Alto Sisa, where they were concentrated prior to the attack on Juanjui.
The seizure of Chazuta was part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign initiated on October 8, 1987 by the MRTA, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. This action took place on November 19, 1987 as part of a series …
After the capture of Juanjui on November 6, 1987, the MRTA returned to the same camp they had used before the attack. The Peruvian Army pursued them after the declaration of a state of emergency in the department of San Martin and the establishment of the Political-Military Command of the …
The seizure of Shanao was part of the MRTA's 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign, commanded by Víctor Polay Campos (c) Rolando, Néstor Cerpa (c) Evaristo and Miguel Rincón (c) Francisco. This action took place on December 11, 1987 as part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages in …
On December 16, 1987, the MRTA raided the village of Yorongos as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages that the Tupac Amaru Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front carried out between October and December 1987 …
After the seizure of Juanjui in November 1987, the MRTA returned to the same camp used before the attack. The Peruvian Army pursued them after a state of emergency was declared in the department of San Martin. Believing they had escaped the army, the MRTA fighters were surprised in Agua …
Professor Julio Sánchez was assassinated in Shapaja by MRTA elements in 1988. This assassination led to the creation of the first peasant patrol in the department of San Martin. In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and made demands that the people refused …
Comandante Roberto assumed the leadership of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1988-1990. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the political actions of the front. …
In 1988, the MRTA established the Edward Cumapa military detachment in the Huayabamba valley as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San Martin. The Huayabamba valley was considered a strategic zone because …
In 1988, the assassination of Professor Julio Sánchez in Shapaja by elements of the MRTA led to the creation of the first ronda campesina in the department of San Martín. This event marked a significant moment in the local community's response to political violence. The formation of these peasant patrols …
In January 1988, Dr. Carlos Escobar Pineda, the Superior Prosecutor in the judicial district of San Martín, received reports of the illegal detention of 35 individuals. Official records later confirmed the reappearance of only 28 of these individuals. The counter-subversive campaign during this period included extrajudicial executions.
Between 1988 and 1990, the armed forces and the police forces carried out anti-drug and counter-subversive operations in Tocache, San Martin. These operations resulted in the displacement of the drug trafficking firms that were based in that area. The firms were forced to move to other areas of the country, …
After the first MRTA military campaign in San Martin, the recruited MRTA cadres returned, between February and March 1988, to their lands to form their Guerrilla Fronts. This return was part of MRTA's strategy to expand its territorial presence after the experience in the Northeastern Front. The cadres who had …
In the face of the violence that had been unleashed throughout the department of San Martin, the Catholic Church decided to open the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM), with headquarters in Tarapoto. The OPASM was created on August 30, 1988 after the agreement of three institutions: Episcopal …
A woman recruited as a child in PCP-SL says that on one occasion the commanders were drinking liquor. Hours later, when they were dizzy, they began to sexually abuse the girls. In the column there was a woman who was in charge of logistics, she took the girls to the …
In 1989, the MRTA began a new offensive in San Martin that included the seizure of several towns. Among the towns taken were Pilluana, Shapaja, San Jose de Sisa, Peleje, Papalaya and Pacaypasa. This offensive was part of a broader MRTA strategy to expand its presence in the San Martin …
In 1989, the MRTA established the military detachment called 'Róger López' in the area of Medio Mayo, as part of the expansion and territorial reorganization of the Northeastern Front. This detachment had as its area of influence the banks of the Mayo River in the province of Lamas. It was …
In the late 1980s, experimental spraying with the herbicide SPIKE was carried out in the Uchiza area as part of coca eradication strategies. These fumigations were part of a series of obstacles that affected the town of Uchiza, which since 1984 had been an open drug trafficking center and perhaps …
During 1989 in the district of Uchiza, province of Tocache, department of San Martin, multiple cases of sexual violence and abuse by members of the armed forces were registered. The testimonies documented by the CVR refer to the Uchiza Military Base as the place where these events took place. The …
In 1989, in the district of Uchiza, province of Tocache, department of San Martin, there were multiple cases of rape perpetrated by members of the Peruvian Army. A witness who served in the army told how soldiers forced a detained teacher to "be affectionate" with them, taking advantage of the …
On March 4, 1989, the MRTA raided the towns of Pilluana and Shapaja as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. During this incursion in Pilluana, the MRTA assassinated 3 local authorities whom they accused of being involved in drug trafficking. This action was part of …
On March 27, 1989, the police post in Uchiza, a small city in a coca-growing region of San Martín, Peru, was attacked by the Shining Path (PCP-SL). The attackers, well-equipped due to their ties with drug trafficking, outnumbered the police contingent of 57 men. Despite calls for assistance, nearby bases …
On May 3, 1989, the MRTA took over the towns of Peleje and Papaplaya as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This action was part of the reconstruction process of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA, which had been dismantled after the repression by …
In response to what happened in Molinos, a subversive commando exploded a car bomb in the San Martin barracks, located in the district of Miraflores.
On May 25, 1989, the MRTA raided Pacaypasa as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. During this operation, the guerrillas captured the president of CORDE-San Martin, Demetrio Tafúr Ruiz. This action was part of a series of incursions carried out by the Northeastern Front of …
On June 25, 1989, Demetrio Tafur, the President of the Corporación Departamental de Desarrollo de San Martín, was kidnapped by members of the MRTA. The kidnapping occurred approximately 65 kilometers from the city of Tarapoto. The MRTA later claimed responsibility and issued demands to the government, including infrastructure improvements and …
MRTA members stopped the vehicle of the President of the Departmental Development Corporation of San Martin, Demetrio Tafur, 65 kilometers from Tarapoto and forced him to get out and drive it to an unknown location. MRTA made demands related to San Martin: approval of budgets for road improvement, payment to …
On July 3, 1989, the MRTA carried out an incursion in the town of Shapaja as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This incursion was part of a series of actions by the Northeastern Front (FNO) during the process of rebuilding the Tupacamarista Army after …
On July 16, 1989, the MRTA prepared an attack on the town of Juanjuí. Apparently, a rondero had managed to warn the Army and its members were able to prepare and confront the attack. In the confrontation, forty bodies were left dead among a large number of subversives, some civilians …
In September 1989, a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) base was installed in Santa Lucia as part of anti-drug operations in the Upper Huallaga. This installation was part of a confluence of obstacles that contributed to the decline of the town of Uchiza as an open drug trafficking center and the …
On November 22, 1989, the MRTA took the town of Pacaypasa as part of its military actions in the department of San Martin. This action was part of the reconstruction process of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA, which had been dismantled after the repression by the Peruvian Army …
On December 24, 1989, the MRTA took the city of Juanjuí as part of the Fernando Valladares Military Campaign. This operation was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. The action in Juanjuí was coordinated with simultaneous incursions in other cities of …
On December 24, 1989, the MRTA carried out simultaneous raids in several cities in the department of San Martin as part of its Fernando Valladares Military Campaign. This campaign was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. Actions included the capture of …
In 1989, the MRTA launched a new offensive in the San Martín region, capturing several localities including Juanjuí and conducting simultaneous incursions in Tarapoto, Saposoa, Moyobamba, and Rioja on December 24. This was part of the MRTA's Military Campaign Fernando Valladares, aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed …
In 1990, the MRTA established the Bajo Huallaga military detachment as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment had as its area of influence the province of San Martin. It was part of a system of eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San …
In 1990, the MRTA established the Roberto Perez military detachment in Yurimaguas as part of the expansion and decentralization of the Tupacamarista Army in the Northeastern Front. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the department of San Martin, with a specific area of influence …
José Rafael Vives, a member of law enforcement, was killed in combat in San Martín in 1990. According to his testimony, he was participating in an intervention with twenty-two men armed with six rifles, leaving with three rifles and MGP machine guns that were not suitable for that type of …
Commander Ricardo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1990. His command period was brief, being part of a succession of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press …
In the hamlet of Santa Rosa de Mishollo, during 1990, a case of rape was registered in the context of the internal armed conflict. The case is mentioned in the CVR report as part of the testimonies on sexual violence perpetrated during the period of political violence. This event occurred …
In 1990, the MRTA set up the Alto Mayo military detachment as part of its organizational structure in the Northeastern Front. This detachment, called Wenceslao Saboya, had as its area of influence the provinces of Moyobamba and Rioja in the department of San Martin. It was part of the eight …
The MRTA established the Huallaga Central military detachment in 1990 as part of its organizational structure in the department of San Martin. This detachment, called Alcides Reátegui, had the towns of Chazuta, Picota and Bellavista as its area of influence. It was part of the eight zones controlled by the …
MRTA established the Caynarachi-Shanusi military detachment in 1990 as part of its territorial control structure in the department of San Martin. This detachment was part of the eight zones controlled by MRTA in the Northeastern Front, with an area of influence in the Pongo de Caynarachi. The detachment operated in …
Between 1990 and 1992, the MRTA significantly lost the support of the local population in San Martin due to multiple factors. The main one was the abuse of the quotas with which they extorted money from the few remaining businessmen in the region. In addition, many of their hastily recruited …
In 1990, with the support of the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM), the Shapaja peasant patrol was legally established. This institutionalization process was part of a broader pacification strategy promoted by the Catholic Church in the San Martin region. OPASM had been created in 1988 to assist …
In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and demanded demands that the people did not want to comply with. Faced with this situation, the MRTA faced two options: to carry out a massacre or to withdraw without defeat. Ricardo opted to apologize for …
Comandante Evaristo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin during the period 1990-1992. As military chief of the FNO, Evaristo was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief. His leadership …
In January 1990, the Peruvian military established several counterinsurgency fronts to combat subversive activities across the country. These fronts included the Mantaro Front in Junín and Pasco, the Huallaga Front in San Martín and Huánuco, and the Ucayali Front in Ucayali and parts of Huánuco. Each front was equipped with …
In 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) expanded its influence in various regions of Peru, establishing zones of control where their military detachments could operate freely. These areas included provinces such as Moyobamba, Rioja, Lamas, San Martín, Chazuta, Picota, Bellavista, El Dorado, Saposoa, Yurimaguas, and others. The MRTA's activities …
In 1990, a group of police officers in San Martín, Peru, were ambushed by the militant group Sendero Luminoso. The attackers used a grenade and gunfire, resulting in the death of one officer and injuries to others. The ambush highlighted the violent tactics employed by Sendero Luminoso during this period.
The CVR report mentions the hamlet of Unión Nueva Victoria in the context of cases of sexual violence that occurred during the internal armed conflict in 1990. This locality is located in the District of Pólvora, Province of Tocache, Department of San Martin, an area that was the scene of …
Between 1990 and 1992, the MRTA lost support from the local population due to the abuse of the quotas they used to extort money from the few remaining businessmen in the region and, in general, to the criminal practices that many of their hastily recruited militia members had engaged in. …
The second indefinite general strike of February and March 1990 in San Martin was under the leadership of FEDIP-SM with the participation of leaders and militants of the mass work of the peasantry and the MRTA, in addition to the direct support of the Tupacamarista Army. The center of the …
On February 9, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the MRTA took the town of Picota in the department of San Martin. This military action was part of a series of seizures and raids carried out by the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA during 1990, when the organization had …
On March 11, 1990, the BPR announced the candidacies of Yehude Simon for the senate and Lucas Cachay and Moisés Cabrera for the deputy positions in San Martín and Lambayeque, respectively. These candidates were part of the IU's parliamentary list, yet they expressed reservations about participating in the general elections, …
The Frente de Defensa de los Intereses de San Martin and the Selva Maestra Agrarian Federation initiated a general strike in the department of San Martin on March 15, 1990. The main reason for the conflict was the price of rice, corn and sorghum, as well as the demand for …
On March 22 and 23, 1990, a nationwide agrarian strike was held throughout Peru. The mobilization was called by agrarian organizations to demand from the government the restitution of credits granted by the Agrarian Bank. This strike was framed in a context of intense social protests and political violence during …
In April 1990, the Office of the Prelature of Acción Social de Moyobamba (OPASM) issued an open letter addressing the violence and drug trafficking affecting the San Martín and Lamas provinces in Peru. The letter, a result of an assembly in Tarapoto, highlighted the complicity of local authorities in the …
On April 9, 1990, a "more organic and integral" compromise was signed between the PCP-SL and the drug trafficking firms in Uchiza. This agreement established seven fundamental points: (1) price, (2) weight, (3) direct negotiation, (4) intermediaries, (5) agreements and norms, (6) delegations, and (7) sanctions. Point 4 of the …
On April 9, 1990, a significant agreement was signed that established the PCP-SL as the primary controller and negotiator in the cocaine trade. This agreement included seven key points, such as price, weight, and the role of intermediaries, effectively legalizing the PCP-SL's control over the market. The agreement also outlined …
On May 14, 1990, the MRTA took the town of Saposoa as part of a series of spectacular armed actions carried out by the Northeastern Front. For this operation, between 300 and 400 men of the Tupacamarista Army were previously assembled. This action was part of a period of intense …
The MRTA carried out an incursion into the town of Bellavista as part of its military actions during 1990. This incursion was part of a series of operations by the Northeastern Front (FNO) that included takeovers and attacks on police posts in various localities in the department of San Martin. …
In July 1990, armed confrontations took place between the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) in the Ledoy area, department of San Martin. These battles between both subversive organizations left dozens of people dead. The confrontation took place in the context …
On July 5, 1990, the MRTA raided the city of Yurimaguas with 95 armed men. During this operation, the insurgents attacked the local prison and freed the prisoners held there. This action was part of a period of intense MRTA activity, which included confrontations with the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the …
On July 12, 1990, there was an escape from the Canto Grande maximum security prison in Lima. Among the escapees was Víctor Polay Campos, alias 'Rolando', leader of the MRTA. The guerrillas who escaped from this prison later joined the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin, reinforcing …
On August 16, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA took the city of Moyobamba with approximately 300 subversives. This action was part of a series of spectacular armed operations carried out during 1990, when the FNO had managed to increase its strength to 500 …
In September 1990, during the III Central Committee of Unity, the MRTA leadership was reshuffled, leading to tensions with its ally, MIR-VR. The MRTA's militaristic approach caused a rift, weakening the alliance. Subsequently, an internal conflict led to a military setback when MRTA forces, led by 'c' Antonio, pursued 'c' …
The Executive President of Cementos Lima S.A., Víctor De La Torre Romero, was kidnapped around noon on his way to his workplace in San Isidro. A car without license plates blocked the way to his truck and several armed members of the MRTA descended from another truck, brutally beat the …
In November 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) began to charge fees for drug flights departing from areas under their control in San Martín, Peru. This decision was made during their III Central Committee of Unity in September 1990, as a means to fund their military activities. The arrangement …
On November 3, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA raided Pacaysapa. This action was part of a series of spectacular military operations carried out by the MRTA during 1990, when the Northeastern Front had managed to reconstitute itself and expand significantly, reaching five hundred combatants …
On November 5, 1990, the Tupacamarista Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front of the MRTA carried out an incursion in Nueva Cajamarca. This action was part of a series of military operations carried out by the MRTA during the second half of 1990, when the organization had managed to reconstitute …
In 1991, a woman from Vista Alegre, Tocache, San Martín, Peru, reported that her father was killed by soldiers who accused him of being a 'senderista'. Additionally, two of her cousins were sexually assaulted and subsequently murdered by the same soldiers. This event highlights the severe impact of displacement and …
In 1991, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) conducted multiple incursions into the village of Grau in the San Martín region of Peru. They coerced the local population and authorities into attending meetings where they engaged in propaganda and issued threats of violence against non-compliance. The situation escalated to the …
One affiant was detained for the second time at the end of 1991 in Tarapoto, department of San Martin. The document mentions this event in the context of detentions and sexual violence during the internal armed conflict. The second detention took place specifically at the end of that year in …
The I Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in Shapaja in 1991, marking an important milestone in the organization of the peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. During this meeting, by unanimous decision of the participants, the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM) was elected …
In 1991, the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA initiated the 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign', whose objective was to criticize the economic and political conditions imposed by the government of Alberto Fujimori. During this campaign they carried out some important military actions, highlighting the simultaneous incursion on May 10 in …
In 1991, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) carried out a series of attacks on police posts across Peru. These attacks occurred in multiple provinces, including Junín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Cuzco, and San Martín. The MRTA's actions were part of a broader campaign against government forces, and they included capturing police …
In the department of San Martin, a popular consultation was held, the unofficial result of which assigned a majority to the option of forming an autonomous region. This consultation process was framed in a political context of tensions between the Executive and the Congress during the government of Alberto Fujimori. …
In the region of San Martín, Peru, autonomous peasant patrols were formed in response to subversive threats. These patrols were initially independent but later had to adapt to the military's creation of defense committees. The Office of Prelature Social Action (OPASM) played a significant role in organizing workshops on human …
On April 20, 1991, the Commission for the Pacification of the San Martin Region was created, promoted by the Catholic Church. Its steering committee was made up of various entities representing the region: the National University of San Martin, the Coordinating Committee of Political Parties, the Association of Lawyers, FEDIP-Departmental, …
Numerous MRTA elements simultaneously attacked police posts and public premises in four cities in the department of San Martin: Saposoa, Tarapoto, Rioja and Moyobamba. During these coordinated attacks, MRTA members kidnapped nine policemen. These attacks were part of an MRTA offensive in the Amazon region of the country.
On May 10, 1991, the MRTA carried out simultaneous armed incursions in five cities in the department of San Martin as part of the 'Fernando Valladares Military Campaign'. This campaign was aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed by Alberto Fujimori's government. The military actions were executed in …
In August 1991, the Executive Branch lifted the state of emergency that had been declared in the department of San Martin. This measure took place in a context where the government had been extending states of emergency in various regions of the country due to political violence. The lifting of …
On December 24, 1991, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took the town of Juanjui, located in the department of San Martin, for the second time. This action took place in the context of an intensification of MRTA activities during that year, which included multiple attacks on police posts and …
At the end of 1992, MRTA subversives began to take advantage of the law of repentance, either with the armed forces or with the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba). The OPASM carried out a comprehensive work with the people who were taking advantage of the law, coordinating …
After constant social mobilizations promoted by FEDIP-SM (Frente de Defensa de los Intereses del Pueblo de San Martín), in 1992 the government of Alberto Fujimori enacted the law creating the San Martin Region. This demand had been one of the main demands during the second indefinite general strike of February …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Bajo Huallaga was held in Chazuta in 1992, as part of a series of meetings organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the peasant patrols of San Martin. This event was one of several regional meetings that sought to consolidate …
Comandante Esther assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1992-1993. The FNO commander was the military chief of the organization in the region and was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Alto Mayo was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the rondas campesinas in 1992 in Buenos Aires, San Martín. This meeting was part of a series of regional meetings of peasant patrols held that year to strengthen community organization. …
Between April and May 1992, the MRTA carried out a series of offensive military actions in the department of San Martin. MRTA attacked the towns of Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo. In addition to these attacks on towns, the MRTA also attacked the police posts of …
On April 24, 1992 in Cayena, Juanjui, Mariscal Caceres, San Martin, a son disappeared and three of his friends were murdered. This event was perpetrated by the Shining Path PCP. The declarant narrates these facts in her testimony before the CVR. The case is part of the multiple acts of …
Marco Gonzáles Tuanama was detained by a military patrol from the Mariscal Cáceres base in the San Martín department of Peru. During his interrogation, he was subjected to physical assault and electric shocks as a form of torture. This incident was reported by the Special Rapporteur of the United Nations …
Between April and May 1992, the MRTA carried out a series of military actions in the department of San Martin. These actions included attacks on the towns of Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo. In addition, the MRTA attacked the police posts of San Jose de Sisa …
Alberto Fujimori's government enacted Law 25499 on May 12, 1992, known as the law of repentance. This law allowed members of subversive groups to receive legal benefits if they voluntarily turned themselves in and collaborated with the authorities. In the department of San Martin, the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción …
Rolando was captured on June 14, 1992. After his capture, Evaristo assumed overall command of the MRTA. This event is mentioned in the context of the dismantling of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin. Rolando's capture was part of a series of blows …
Beginning in August 1992, the Huallaga Front of the Peruvian Army developed a systematic military offensive against the MRTA in the department of San Martin. This offensive took place in a context where the MRTA had already lost the support of the local population due to abuses in the collection …
In August 1992, the Huallaga Front launched a systematic military offensive against the MRTA in the San Martín region of Peru. The offensive, led by General Eduardo Bellido Mora, aimed to win over the local population through social works and establish armed civil defense patrols. The campaign culminated in the …
The 'Ninja Case' involved the murder of eight drug traffickers in Balsayacu, San Martin, on October 28, 1992. The perpetrators, including Captain José Penas Sandoval and Lieutenant Werner Huamaní Tipismana, committed the crime to steal 300 kilos of drugs. This event highlights the intersection of military personnel and drug trafficking …
In the years leading up to 1993, migration policies encouraged movement from the highlands and coast to the high jungle regions of Peru. This resulted in significant agricultural expansion, particularly in the department of Huánuco, where larger agricultural units became more prevalent in the jungle compared to the highlands. The …
Comandante Antonio assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1993. He was the last in a series of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. The military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
The II Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in San Antonio de Cumbaza in 1993, as part of a process of consolidation of the organizations of peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. This meeting was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) in conjunction …
In 1993, multiple states of emergency were declared across various departments in Peru, including Huánuco, San Martín, Lima, and others. These declarations were made under the 1993 Constitution, specifically restricting certain rights as outlined in article 2. The states of emergency were declared multiple times in response to ongoing security …
Between 1991 and 1992, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso consolidated its new popular committees in the Bellavista area and formed a battalion on the banks of the Abiseo River with the objective of definitively taking Dos de Mayo. In November 1993, the Shining Path managed to take the town of Dos de …
In 1994, the Peruvian government extended the State of Emergency in the regions of Huánuco and San Martín due to increased subversive activities by the PCP-SL (Shining Path). This period saw significant violence, including the assassination of community leaders and military personnel, as well as pressure on local coca growers. …
In April 1994, the Peruvian military engaged with the remnants of the PCP-SL (Shining Path) guerrilla forces in the San Martín region. Reports from the time indicate that the military had superior firepower, including air support and heavy weaponry, while the guerrillas were primarily armed with AKM assault rifles. Despite …
In 1996, a woman was detained by soldiers in the department of San Martín, Peru. She was subjected to severe physical and sexual abuse by multiple soldiers, including being stripped, beaten, and raped. The abuse continued as she was moved to different military locations, highlighting the grave human rights violations …
A female affiant was detained by soldiers who raided her community located in the department of San Martín in 1996. During her detention, a man accused her of being a terrorist but she was defended by a teacher who knew her, thanks to the help of a major. However, this …
In 1997, the Shining Path PCP carried out a new attack on the town of Aucayacu, in the department of San Martin. This attack was part of the subversive actions that continued in the Huallaga region after 1992, although with less intensity than in previous years. During the confrontation, more …
A woman was sexually harassed by a neighboring PCP-SL member who told her that if she turned herself in to them they would not make problems for her. When she refused, the man vowed revenge. One day, some men came to her house saying they were coming to kill her …
In 2002, violence persisted in approximately eighteen districts, affecting the regions of Junín, Huánuco, and San Martín in Peru. The ongoing incursions and resulting deaths have created a climate of insecurity, with the local population divided on the presence of military forces. The situation highlights the need for a revised …
A public hearing was held on August 25, 2002, in Uchiza, Tocache, San Martín, Peru, where testimonies were given regarding the impact of internal armed conflict on the community. The hearing highlighted the importance of cultural expression and bilingual education in fostering reconciliation and understanding. The event underscored the need …
Testimony given by a resident who witnessed armed confrontations in Uchiza, province of Tocache, department of San Martin. The testimony was collected in October 2002 in Huánuco. The witness recounts the psychological consequences of having witnessed violence from an early age, showing aggression and changes in her behavior. The testimony …
Interview with a teacher who was a member of the peasant federation in Tarapoto, department of San Martin. The testimony is part of the in-depth interviews conducted by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document the effects of the internal armed conflict on social organizations and local leadership. The interview …
Interview conducted with a psychologist from the Prelatural Office of Social Action in Tarapoto, San Martin, during October 2002. The testimony collected addresses the situation of anxiety experienced from the 1980s to the present at the time of the interview. The psychologist points out that many leaders gave their lives …
In November 2002, a declarant testified before the CVR about the murder of eight of his relatives in Tocache, San Martin. The testimony was recorded in Huanuco and forms part of the documented cases of violence in the San Martin region during the internal armed conflict. This case illustrates the …
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