Complete database of events related to the internal armed conflict in Peru, extracted from the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR). 5,159 events documented from 1817 to 2003.
In November 2002, several historical leaders of the peasant patrols, known as rondas campesinas, successfully participated in municipal elections in Peru. Notable examples include Elmer Orihuela in Cochas, Susano Mendoza in Quinua, and Benjamín Antezana in Ocros, who assumed mayoral positions in their respective districts. This event highlights the political …
On September 11, 1993, a group of 100 terrorists, all colonists, attempted to invade San Fernando de Meritori from three fronts: Esmeralda, Santa Rosa, and Delta. The local Rondas Campesinas and Nativas defended their community, resulting in the death of 11 terrorists. Later, the Peruvian Army intervened, detaining several individuals …
On January 15, 1993, the Peruvian government issued Supreme Decree Nº 002-93-DE/CCFFAA, mandating that Rondas Campesinas adjust their organization and functions to align with Self-Defense Committees. This transformation was part of a broader strategy to enhance local defense capabilities against subversive threats. The Self-Defense Committees were to be supported and …
In 1993, members of the Rondas Campesinas from the Native Community of Anexo San Fernando de Meritori, Satipo, were involved in an incident during an incursion into the Anexo Delta. The patrol, consisting of 30 natives, was responding to threats and the disappearance of a community member, suspecting subversive bases …
In response to insurgent activities, the Peruvian government formalized the use of armed civilian defense groups, known as rondas campesinas, through legal decrees. These groups, sometimes formed autonomously and other times under military pressure, played a significant role in counterinsurgency efforts. Notably, in Tulumayo and Andamarca, these groups expelled and …
On 15 September 1992, the Ronda Campesina of Chongos Alto was formed with Zenón Lapa Campuzano as its president. The Peruvian Army organized and trained 1586 ronderos from 17 communities in Alto Canipaco in military tactics and weapon handling to patrol and maintain order in the region. This initiative was …
On 17 August 1992, the first 'Ronda Campesina, Pacífica, Solidaria, Democrática y Autónoma' was organized in Rodiobamba, Cajamarca. This initiative was a response to the pressures from the PCP-SL and aimed to end the subversive violence in the region. The formation of this round marked a significant moment of citizen …
During the internal conflict in Peru, homes and schools became dangerous places due to the threat of being targeted by either the Shining Path (PCP-SL) or the military. Communities organized themselves into defense groups, such as rondas campesinas, to protect against violence. However, these groups sometimes resorted to cruel and …
In 1991, the Rondas Campesinas were formed in Vilcashuamán by deserters of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) due to personal grievances. These groups were organized with the support of the military and included the creation of Comités de Autodefensa (CADs). The CADs were established partly because of the absence of …
On 15 July 1990, the First Central Committee of the Rondas Campesinas of Alto and Bajo Cunas was established under the leadership of Félix Damián Huaynalaya. This event marked a significant step in the local counterinsurgency efforts against the PCP-SL in the region. The committee's formation was part of a …
In 1990, in the Tsiriari valley, Mazamari district, some colonist communities had some sympathy for the MRTA, as they offered them protection from PCP-SL. In the colonist community Dos de Mayo, MC, who had previously sympathized with PCP-SL, decided to support MRTA after returning from Huancayo in 1990. Upon returning …
In early 1990, the communities in Tulumayo, Peru, organized self-defense groups known as rondas campesinas to combat the PCP-SL (Shining Path) insurgency. Initially met with skepticism by the Peruvian Army, the rondas demonstrated their resolve by ambushing and defeating a PCP-SL column in March 1990. This led to a collaboration …
In 1989, under the presidency of Alan García Pérez, the Peruvian government began arming local peasant patrols known as 'rondas campesinas' in Ayacucho to combat the insurgent group PCP-SL. This movement was partly a response to increased violence from the PCP-SL and was supported by both military coercion and the …
In 1988, the assassination of Professor Julio Sánchez in Shapaja by elements of the MRTA led to the creation of the first ronda campesina in the department of San Martín. This event marked a significant moment in the local community's response to political violence. The formation of these peasant patrols …
In the 1980s, two types of peasant patrols, or 'rondas campesinas', were formed in Peru. On November 6, 1986, the government of Alan García Pérez officially recognized the peaceful, democratic, and autonomous peasant patrols in the northern departments of Cajamarca and Piura. Meanwhile, in the central highlands, armed 'rondas contrasubversivas' …
Flavia Gastelu, a leader of the Rondas Campesinas, was assassinated in 1984 in Ayacucho, Peru. She was one of the many leaders, both male and female, who were killed by the PCP-SL during a period of intense political violence. Her role as a mediator in a fragmented society highlights the …
In 1984, the rondas campesinas contrasubversivas gained prominence in Ayacucho, particularly in the communities of Chiquintirca and Anchihuay. These groups evolved from spontaneous defensive actions to organized offensive strategies against subversive elements, including the PCP-SL. By forming central committees and conducting patrols, they played a crucial role in the local …
In 1983, marines arrived in the town of Huanta, Peru, and organized the Rondas Campesinas. During this period, there were numerous reports of military personnel committing acts of sexual violence against women, exploiting their power over the local population. These acts were part of a broader context of discrimination and …
Showing 1–18 of 18 events
The rondas campesinas play a fundamental role in the exercise of Communal Justice, as recognized by Article 149 of the Political Constitution itself. However, in everyday language, other organizations are …
Interim findings of a political anthropology study on the internal war in Peru (1980–2000). Introduction. I. Some general hypotheses about violence in Peru. II. The Peruvian civil war in the …
The civil war in Peru during the 1980s and 1990s was a fertile ground for the emergence of new actors with various names, but reflecting a similar reality. The so-called …
The central theme of this book is the intense class struggle that took place in Peru during the period 1980–2000, and the positions taken by social classes, political parties, the …
The Programa de Acceso a la Justicia Rural - PROJUR has found it appropriate to reissue this book, which documents the process of managing this new Rondas Law and the …
The author points out the fact that the State insists on its prerogative: the monopoly on the use of force (to avoid saying violence); but it forgets the reason and …
This article analyzes the rondas campesinas as self-defense institutions created by highland communities in Peru. The case study focuses on the rondas of the community of La Toma, Cajamarca, in …
This article analyzes, from an anthropological perspective, some challenges of political and legal pluralism in the case of the Rondas Campesinas of Cajamarca (Peru). Social organizations born with the purpose …
The article analyzes, from an anthropological perspective, some challenges of political and legal pluralism in the case of the Rondas Campesinas of Cajamarca (Peru). Social organizations born with the purpose …
The article analyzes, from an anthropological perspective, some challenges of political and legal pluralism in the case of the Rondas Campesinas of Cajamarca (Peru). Social organizations born with the aim …
The study presented here describes the role played by communal actors — such as the rondas campesinas — in local contexts and relationships, as in Chota and San Marcos, where …
In just over three decades, the social and political order in the Peruvian Andean region was modified time and again, seeking to build, on the ruins of the previous order, …
The compendium presents the legislation in force as of 2002 directed at three sectors affected by terrorism: a) civilian and political authorities and public officials and servants; b) members of …
Narrating how the Rondas Campesinas in Peru originated, spread, and grew stronger, as well as their valuable contribution to the defeat of Sendero Luminoso, are the objectives of this work. …
The author explains the origin and subsequent spread of the Comités de Autodefensa Civil in Peru, more generically known as rondas campesinas. Chapter I: The origins. Chapter II: The rondas …
We have always believed that to achieve true national reconciliation it was necessary to know the truth of what had occurred during the years of the war. In the following …
The purpose of this study is to review what terrorism meant, how the threat it posed to society and the State was overcome, evaluate the possible re-emergence of flare-ups, and …
The peasant patrols of northern Peru formed an increasingly solid movement over fifteen years. Emerging from the people to combat the problem of cattle rustling, the first patrol was organized …
Studies on the decade of violence have paid little attention to the meaning and structure of the civil defense committees, better known as "montucos." In most cases, the view of …
The book constitutes, in its own way, a tribute to the Quechua peasants of Ayacucho. Men and women who were at first entirely unarmed, destined to play the role of …
This text is part of a research project on the development of civil-military relations since the restoration of democracy in 1980. The original proposal was based on the observation that …
The report analyzes the forms of peasant self-defense organized to confront cattle rustling in a recurrently violent society, settled in the central micro-region of the department of Cajamarca, in the …
The Peruvian army continues to distribute weapons to peasant paramilitary organizations, despite official statements claiming that guerrillas no longer pose a threat. According to sources linked to the joint command …
Working Paper No. 45. Series: IEP Workshops No. 2. Presentation. I. THE STRONGEST ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PEASANTRY: THE RONDAS CAMPESINAS OF THE NORTH. II. "NO LONGER LIKE A MEEK …
The Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions has expressed on numerous occasions, in his reports to the Commission on Human Rights, his concern over the persistent and serious …
The subject of this research is political violence, the types of community responses to it, and its effects at the productive and social reorganization level during the period 1989–1990 at …
The document describes two separate mass killings, one committed by guerrillas and another by the military. The report indicates that the military patrol that committed the killings was under the …
Ambassador Quainton describes in detail the situation of political violence and insurgency in Ayacucho, detailing the historical roots of the region and the current political and military situation. He notes …
The document discusses two separate mass killings, one committed by the guerrillas and one by the military. The report indicates that the military patrol that committed the killings was under …
"Montoneras, bandoleros y rondas campesinas" is a systematic study of high analytical elaboration that, while accounting for a political-social phenomenon whose actors operate fundamentally within the jurisdiction of the department …
Ambassador Quainton describes the situation of political violence and insurgency in Ayacucho, detailing the region's historical roots and the current political and military situation. He notes that Ayacucho is of …
In all areas and aspects of national life, various social and political actors, legitimately concerned about the situation of violence that Peru is experiencing, have developed and continue to develop …
