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Interview conducted with a psychologist from the Prelatural Office of Social Action in Tarapoto, San Martin, during October 2002. The testimony collected addresses the situation of anxiety experienced from the 1980s to the present at the time of the interview. The psychologist points out that many leaders gave their lives …
Public hearing held by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in the city of Abancay, department of Apurimac. During this hearing, case No. 10 was presented, in which testimonies related to the internal armed conflict and its consequences in the region were discussed. The testimony collected in this hearing refers to …
Oscar Ramirez Durand, known as 'Feliciano', was captured in July 1999. Feliciano was one of the main leaders of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso who opposed the Peace Accord proposed by Abimael Guzmán in 1993, leading the faction that intended to continue the armed struggle. His capture was presented by Alberto Fujimori …
From 1997 onwards, acts of violence were almost non-existent in Apurímac, except for propaganda actions. This marks the effective end of the internal armed conflict in the department.
Miguel Rincón Rincón, an important member of the MRTA (Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru) leadership, was arrested on November 30, 1995. This capture represented another resounding blow to the MRTA, which had already suffered the arrest of other important leaders such as Víctor Polay Campos in 1992. Rincón Rincón's arrest took …
On September 17, 1994, the process of returning the Asháninka communities to their places of origin in the district of Río Tambo officially began as part of a campaign promoted by the government to generate a psychosocial impact on the Peruvian population. The media called this event 'the great Asháninka …
In August 1994, militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began to take advantage of the Law of Repentance in the department of Cuzco. This process occurred after the capture of Abimael Guzmán and the internal division of the PCP-SL between the followers of the so-called 'Peace Accord' of December 1993 and …
In December 1993, the so-called 'Peace Agreement' divided the PCP-Sendero Luminoso between the followers of Abimael Guzmán and the members of Sendero Rojo, headed by comrade 'Feliciano'. This agreement marks a breaking point in the subversive organization after the capture of its leader Abimael Guzman in September 1992. In Apurímac, …
On October 20, 1993, shotguns and ammunition were delivered to nine Self-Defense Committees in the province of Paucartambo, in the department of Cuzco. This delivery of weapons was part of the counter-subversive strategy implemented by the Armed Forces in the southern Andean region during the pacification period. The Self-Defense Committees …
On October 20, 1993, the military command delivered shotguns and ammunition to nine self-defense committees in the province of Paucartambo. This event occurred in the context of the end of the cycle of violence in Cuzco, just days after General Petronio Fernandez Davila declared that there were practically no more …
On October 16, 1993, in a ceremony similar to those held in Ayacucho and Huallaga, the army gave weapons to the ronderos to fight for pacification in the communities of Pasqueña in the Chaupihuaranga ravine. The communities benefited were Paucar, Tangor, Vilcabamba, Chango, Mito, Huarautambo, Choquicancha, Chipiputa, Hualacircas, Rocco, San …
General Petronio Fernandez Davila declared that in the Inca region there are practically no more subversive elements. He called for the acceptance of the law of repentance. This statement evidences the military perception of control of the situation in the region.
On October 8, 1993, General Petronio Fernandez Davila declared categorically that "in the Inca region there are practically no subversive elements". This declaration symbolically marked the end of the cycle of violence in Cuzco. At the same time, the General made a call to militants of subversive organizations to accept …
In May 1993, the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) in coordination with the family of (c) Antonio, initiated a sensitization campaign that consisted of the mother's call to her emerretista son to accept the law of repentance. The following cliché was used: 'If Antonio surrenders, it will …
The II Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in San Antonio de Cumbaza in 1993, as part of a process of consolidation of the organizations of peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. This meeting was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) in conjunction …
Alberto Fujimori's government enacted Law 25499 on May 12, 1992, known as the law of repentance. This law allowed members of subversive groups to receive legal benefits if they voluntarily turned themselves in and collaborated with the authorities. In the department of San Martin, the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción …
The President of the Council of Ministers, Óscar de la Puente Raygada, announces the creation of a commission integrated by four Ministers of State with the purpose of carrying out the 'National Dialogue for Peace and Development'. This announcement is made in the context of the Emergency and National Reconstruction …
On January 27, 1992, the Senate of the Republic approved by majority a bill repealing twelve legislative decrees on national pacification that had been enacted by the Executive Branch. At the same time, the Senate presented other bills which, with the same pacification objective, had a true democratic character according …
The senatorial commission on pacification presents a harsh balance sheet on the social cost of political violence in the country during 1991. This report was presented in the context of intense confrontations between the Executive Branch and the Congress, particularly on issues of national pacification and legislative decrees. The balance …
The president of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces, Nicolás de Bari Hermoza Ríos, expressed to the government his public support for the pacification strategy embodied in the legislative decrees issued under the powers conferred by Congress. This support took place in a context of confrontation between the Executive …
At the end of 1992, MRTA subversives began to take advantage of the law of repentance, either with the armed forces or with the OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba). The OPASM carried out a comprehensive work with the people who were taking advantage of the law, coordinating …
The Chamber of Deputies approves bills modifying legislative decrees 726 and 743 on national pacification enacted by the Executive Branch. Decree 726 allowed the entry of the forces of law and order into university premises in case of flagrante delicto. Decree 743 established civilian participation in the National Defense System. …
The capture of Abimael Guzmán, the main leader of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso, occurred in 1992 and marked a turning point in the Peruvian internal armed conflict. This event occurred during the period of the so-called 'leap to strategic balance' when PCP-SL members had intensified their attacks against police and military …
In January 1992, the Peruvian Congress passed bills modifying the Executive Branch's legislative decrees on national pacification. The Senate approved a bill whereby the intervention of the Armed Forces in areas not declared in a state of emergency could be carried out at the request of the political authority or, …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Bajo Huallaga was held in Chazuta in 1992, as part of a series of meetings organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the peasant patrols of San Martin. This event was one of several regional meetings that sought to consolidate …
The I Encuentro de Rondas del Alto Mayo was organized by OPASM (Oficina Prelatural de Acción Social de Moyobamba) and the rondas campesinas in 1992 in Buenos Aires, San Martín. This meeting was part of a series of regional meetings of peasant patrols held that year to strengthen community organization. …
On November 28, 1991, the Senate approved a law regulating the peasant and urban patrols, defining them as popular, peaceful and democratic organizations. The main purposes established in this law are self-defense and active collaboration with national pacification. This legislation sought to regulate and provide a legal framework for the …
The government issues the Peace Council law which regulates the functioning of this body created in June and composed "by the living forces of the country". This law establishes the legal framework for the operation of the Peace Council, an entity that had been created the previous month with the …
Law 25327 is published in El Peruano, which empowers the central government to issue provisions related to national pacification, employment policies and investment growth. This law grants extraordinary powers to the Executive Branch regarding pacification. Congress had previously debated on granting these powers to the cabinet of ministers. The law …
On April 20, 1991, the Commission for the Pacification of the San Martin Region was created, promoted by the Catholic Church. Its steering committee was made up of various entities representing the region: the National University of San Martin, the Coordinating Committee of Political Parties, the Association of Lawyers, FEDIP-Departmental, …
The ministerial cabinet appeared before the Congress of the Republic to request that extraordinary powers be granted to the Executive Branch. These powers were to legislate in four specific areas: national pacification, reorganization of the State, private investment and promotion of employment. This request was framed in a context of …
At the end of 1991, the Peruvian government enacted Legislative Decree 741, which legalized the counter-subversive patrols, known as CAD, as community self-defense organizations. This decree was promoted by President Alberto Fujimori, who sought to strengthen peasant participation in the fight against insurgency. Although the decree was seen by some …
The I Regional Meeting of Peasant Patrols was held in Shapaja in 1991, marking an important milestone in the organization of the peasant patrols in the department of San Martin. During this meeting, by unanimous decision of the participants, the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM) was elected …
In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and demanded demands that the people did not want to comply with. Faced with this situation, the MRTA faced two options: to carry out a massacre or to withdraw without defeat. Ricardo opted to apologize for …
In 1990, with the support of the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM), the Shapaja peasant patrol was legally established. This institutionalization process was part of a broader pacification strategy promoted by the Catholic Church in the San Martin region. OPASM had been created in 1988 to assist …
The Chamber of Deputies unanimously approved the creation of the Council for National Pacification. The objective of this council would be to present to the Executive Power a plan agreed upon with the social forces of the country to confront violence and terrorism. The approval took place in a context …
In the face of the violence that had been unleashed throughout the department of San Martin, the Catholic Church decided to open the Prelatural Office of Social Action of Moyobamba (OPASM), with headquarters in Tarapoto. The OPASM was created on August 30, 1988 after the agreement of three institutions: Episcopal …
On December 25, 1987, under the command of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, Chapi was repopulated and renamed Belén de Chapi in commemoration of the Christmas holiday. Major Ayacuchano, who was appointed as head of the Chapi base between October and December 1987, changed the army's attitude towards the civilian population, …
At the end of 1987, a military base was established in Chapi under the command of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, who was designated as head of the base between October and December 1987. This Major changed the attitude of the army, not allowing detainees to be beaten and gathering people …
At the end of 1987, a military base was established in Chapi, allowing the return of approximately 150 people to the area. The significant change occurred with the arrival of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, appointed as head of the Chapi base between October and December 1987. This Major implemented a …
Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano was appointed head of the Chapi military base between October and December 1987, marking a significant change in the army's attitude toward the civilian population. Unlike his predecessors, Major Ayacuchano prohibited the beatings of detainees, torture and extrajudicial executions that had characterized previous military operations in …
In 1987, the Peruvian government implemented a significant change in its counter-subversive policy, shifting from a strategy of indiscriminate repression to one aimed at recovering the civilian population from the hands of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This change materialized with the arrival of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, who was appointed head …
The Peace Commission was reconstituted with new members after the original members resigned in January 1986. The original Peace Council had been created in October 1985 by the government of Alan García Pérez and included Monsignor Augusto Beuzeville Ferro (president), Fernando Cabieses Molina, César Rodríguez Rabanal, Alberto Giesecke Matto and …
This book recounts a reality that comes from within the Army, a branch of the Armed Forces of Peru, whose members faced the challenge of restoring order and securing peace. …
The terrorist violence initiated in Peru in 1980 has taken many forms and has been carried out by various organizations; however, all known evidence allows us to affirm that at …
Fujimorismo claimed Ayacucho as one of its strongholds. Not in vain — they say — we brought them peace and they receive preferential treatment in social support programs. A chronicle …
The purpose of this study is to review what terrorism meant, how the threat it posed to society and the State was overcome, evaluate the possible re-emergence of flare-ups, and …
In recent months the problem of subversion has again occupied center stage in the media. The reason: the explosions of two car bombs in Lima during the national holidays—the first …
CONAPO and CER, with the sponsorship of FNUAP, organized this roundtable to which individuals and representatives of institutions involved in work with displaced populations were invited, as well as representatives …
The following text is the written version of a paper to be presented at the International Seminar "Political Violence in Peru, Analysis and Perspectives" (Lima, July 1993). Specifically as a …
This work takes it as understood that pacification, beyond victory over armed insurgency and beyond the terrorist characterization, allows us to dwell on the multiple facets that feed a substantive …