Puerto Alegre was founded on June 24, 1940 by Brazilian settlers who gathered in this hamlet. The hamlet is located in a strategic position near Lake Imiria and the Tamaya River. During the internal armed conflict, in 1991, the population of Puerto Alegre decided to form a Self-Defense Committee (CAD) …
The Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged with the intention of becoming an armed wing of popular organizations in Peru. Despite its initial goals, the MRTA faced economic difficulties and resorted to tactics like kidnappings, which were against international humanitarian law. Their activities, including confrontations with the PCP-SL and internal …
In 1967, the Colegio Nacional Los Andes was established in Huancasancos, Ayacucho, to provide secondary education to local youth who previously had to travel to Huancapi or Huamanga. The school gained a strong reputation for its quality of education, attracting students from various communities, including those from economically disadvantaged areas. …
In 1969, significant student mobilizations occurred in Ayacucho, Peru, in response to a government decree threatening the free secondary education. These protests were part of a broader movement for educational rights and were influenced by the Frente de Defensa del Pueblo, which had connections to future members of the PCP-SL. …
In 1969, student movements in Huanta and Ayacucho were centered around the defense of free education. Marcos, a student from Pujas studying Education at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga, participated in these movements and later joined the FER and PCP-SL. The political influence of these movements extended …
The entry of law enforcement into the city of Huanta and the subsequent repression of mobilized peasants and students marked a significant event in the history of the Peruvian left. These events were pivotal in the reconstitution of the Communist Party, particularly influencing the faction led by Abimael Guzmán. Despite …
The events of Huanta in June 1969 were the litmus test that convinced the Red Flag sector led by Guzmán to initiate their own path towards what they called the reconstitution of the Communist Party. The Huanta struggle marks a turning point in the regional history of Ayacucho and the …
In 1973, the Revolutionary Student Front (FER) of Huamanga, a member of the José Carlos Mariátegui Regional Committee (CRJCM) led by Abimael Guzmán, printed a series of leaflets that circulated clandestinely in the universities of Huamanga and Lima. On the cover of these leaflets appeared the profile of José Carlos …
In 1973, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) focused on spreading its ideology through the Peruvian education system. The group exerted influence over the Federation of University Students at the University of Huamanga and participated in a teachers' strike in Ayacucho. This period marked the expansion of PCP-SL as a 'pedagogical project,' …
In 1973, the Frente Único de Estudiantes (FUE) was formed as an alliance of various student groups, including the MIR and Vanguardia Revolucionaria, to oppose the PCP-SL. On 17 July 1973, the FUE defeated the FER in the elections for the FUSCH's board of directors, marking a significant victory against …
In 1974, the Andahuaylas Provincial Federation of Peasants (FEPCA), led by Julio César Mezzich, Lino Quintanilla and Félix Loayza, organized the largest peasant mobilization of the decade with the objective of totally eliminating the hacienda system and adjudicating land to peasant families. Of the 118 haciendas in Andahuaylas and Chincheros, …
In 1974, Guzmán's group lost its presence in the Executive Council of the UNSCH. A year later, the PCP-SL would develop the seizure of the Guamán Poma de Ayala Application campuses, in an attempt to maintain its influence in these campuses, which were in the process of reorganization. The seizure …
In 1974, the PCP-SL (Partido Comunista del Perú - Sendero Luminoso) faced a significant defeat at the national congress of FENDUP, the national union of university professors. The congress was marked by the PCP-SL's attempt to regain influence in the teachers' movement, which had been challenged by the presence of …
In 1974 the PCP-SL set out to 'retake the path of Mariátegui', initiating the IV Plenum of the Central Committee. This event coincided with the anniversaries of the birth of José Carlos Mariátegui and the Chinese revolution of Mao Tse Tung. The plenary session marked an important moment in the …
In 1975 the PCP-SL developed the seizure of the Guaman Poma de Ayala schools, in an attempt to maintain its influence in these schools, which were in the process of reorganization. The seizure lasted almost a year and a half. Although they managed to have the year taken by the …
In 1975, Abimael Guzmán, a key figure in the Shining Path (PCP-SL), visited a school in Ongoy, Peru, as an invited professor from the University San Cristóbal de Huamanga. During his visit, Guzmán delivered lectures to students focusing on national issues and the challenges faced by the peasantry. He criticized …
In 1975, Abimael Guzmán was definitively dismissed as a professor in the Faculty of Education of the UNSCH. This faculty, which had been used in a partisan manner by Guzmán's group, began to be reorganized, which greatly weakened the presence of the PCP-SL inside the UNSCH. In the following years …
In June 1975 the PCP-SL began the process of reconstitution of the party, incorporating new militants and rethinking the development of the people's war in the city. This process took place after the IV Plenum of the Central Committee held in 1974, where it was proposed to 'retake the path …
In May 1976 the XIII Convention of the Regional Committee '14 June' of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso was held in Lima. At this meeting it was agreed that the Popular Women's Movement and the Revolutionary Students' Front (FER), as well as the first workers' cell of the Workers' Self-Education Center, would …
In 1977, after a period of instability, the Universidad Particular de Ayacucho was dissolved and its faculties were integrated into the University of Huamanga. This allowed the UNSCH to increase its enrollment by more than two thousand students, reaching a population of 7,610 students. The UNSCH integrates new specialties such …
In 1977, the University Particular of Ayacucho (UPA) was dissolved and its faculties were integrated into the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH). This integration increased the student population of UNSCH by over two thousand, reaching a total of 7,610 students. The event had political significance as UPA …
Nilda Atanasio, a former student of Abimael Guzmán, played a significant role in the ideological penetration and consolidation of the PCP-SL at the National University of Education (UNE) in Lima during the 1970s. Her activities included forming study circles and engaging in open proselytism for the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) …
Osmán Morote Barrionuevo, an anthropologist who had participated in the II National Meeting of Organisms Generated by the PCP-SL in March 1977, was hired as an assistant professor in the Social Sciences Program, Academic Department of Anthropology of the UNCP. He taught courses such as Introduction to Social Sciences, History …
In 1978, the community of Chungui decided to fund the creation of the Túpac Amaru II secondary school, where teachers trained at the UNSCH (National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga) would teach. From the beginning, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers, preparing the young people for the …
In 1978, the community of Chungui in Peru established the secondary school Túpac Amaru II, which was staffed by professors from UNSCH and included some university students affiliated with the PCP-SL. Similarly, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy by a local youth who had studied in Andahuaylas. These …
In 1978, during the XVI Congress of the FEP in Cuzco, the PCP-SL, allied with Pukallaqta and the FER-Antifascista, attempted to dominate the Congress. They faced opposition from Patria Roja and were ultimately defeated, leading to their withdrawal. This event marked a significant moment in the political struggles within Peruvian …
During the government of General Morales Bermúdez, Peru experienced significant political activity from leftist groups, despite their fragmentation. The elections of 1978 saw the formation of alliances like the Unidad Democrático Popular (UDP) as leftist groups sought to unify and participate in the electoral process. Despite a boycott from Maoist …
In 1978, the government of Francisco Morales Bermúdez enacted Decree Law 22095 to combat narcotics trafficking and control coca cultivation. This led to the implementation of Operativos Verde Mar I and Verde Mar II, which aimed to eradicate coca crops and suppress drug trafficking through the destruction of coca leaf …
In 1978, at the initiative of a young man from the community who had studied in Andahuaylas, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy. As in other schools in the area, such as Túpac Amaru II in Chungui, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers from the beginning. …
In 1979, the Peruvian government initiated Operation 'Mar Verde' as an anti-narcotics effort, which later influenced military strategies against subversive forces in the region. By 1984, the military had established over 60 bases in the emergency zone to counteract the activities of the PCP-SL, a subversive group. Despite increased military …
During the presidency of Belaunde Terry, Peru saw the advancement of democratic institutions following a twelve-year military dictatorship. The government reinstated freedom of the press and held free elections, maintaining a separation of powers. However, it struggled to address human rights violations by security forces in their counterinsurgency efforts against …
In 1979, the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) was formed in an attempt to stop the abuses of large traders in the area. This organization would become one of the largest and most important social organizations in the entire department of Ayacucho, with more than one hundred …
Between 1979 and 1981, an attempt was made to organize peasant patrols in Cajabamba under the guidance of Izquierda Unida. These peasant patrols were originally born in Chota in 1977 in order to combat cattle rustling and other crimes. Beginning in 1985, the rondas began to spread their organization to …
In November 1979, during the I National Conference of the PCP-SL, Abimael Guzmán emphasized the need for the militarization of the party, which marked the beginning of an intensified internal armed conflict in Peru. The PCP-SL, under the ideology of 'Pensamiento Gonzalo', adopted a strategy of 'popular war', forming the …
By the last months of 1980, the PCP-SL had already made contact with some mining settlements in Huancavelica, specifically those located near the department of Ayacucho. The mining centers contacted were Cobriza, Julcani and La Mejorada, located in the provinces of Churcampa and Angaraes respectively. This contact was relatively early …
In 1980, the PCP-SL (Shining Path) initiated a series of subversive actions in Huancayo, Peru. These actions included the use of explosives against police stations, municipal buildings, and infrastructure such as transmission towers and mining facilities. The campaign marked the beginning of a period of intensified violence and sabotage aimed …
In 1980, when the PCP-SL began its armed struggle, the development of the media in the central region was precarious. The region had only two daily newspapers, eight medium wave radio stations and fifty radio stations, most of them informal and of district scope. There were no regional or local …
In 1980, Peru transitioned back to a formal democratic system after twelve years of military rule. This period marked a significant shift for the Peruvian left, with some groups opting to participate in the democratic process while others, like PCP Patria Roja and PCP-SL, chose to boycott it. The era …
In 1980, the region of Huánuco and Pasco in Peru experienced significant violence linked to the actions of the Shining Path (PCP-SL). The group established an operational corridor in these areas, conducting subversive acts such as burning electoral urns in Chuschi and detonating dynamite in the Provincial Council of Pasco. …
In 1980, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) systematically deployed its members across various communities and institutions in the northern highlands of Lima, particularly in the province of Cajatambo. This expansion involved recruiting militants from universities and strategically placing them in key positions within educational and cultural institutions. The PCP-SL's efforts to …
The Lucanamarca massacre was a violent response to a peasant rebellion against local leaders of the PCP-SL in the province of Huancasancos, including the districts of Sacsamarca, Sancos, and Lucanamarca. The PCP-SL had gained influence in the region by promoting a new state based on equality and justice, which initially …
In 1980, the Peruvian government initiated the 'Paraíso Terrenal' colonization plan, leading to the migration of various groups into the Apurímac forest. This period saw increased conflict in the central jungle region, with the presence of insurgent groups such as the MRTA and PCP-SL. The local communities, including native Asháninkas …
In 1980, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) began establishing a network of party and support structures in the northern provinces of Ayacucho, Peru. This region, characterized by extreme poverty and limited opportunities, saw the Shining Path leveraging educational institutions to recruit and mobilize members. The movement's growth was marked by the …
Operation Verde Mar II was executed by Sinchis commandos along the right bank of the Huallaga River in 1980. This anti-narcotics operation was part of a series of interventions that began with Operation Cerrojo (1976) and Verde Mar I (1979). The Verde Mar operations are remembered in local memories as …
The presence of the PCP-SL in Alto Huallaga did not begin to be felt until 1980-81, approximately six years after the beginning of the drug boom in the area. The Shining Path cadres would have initiated their party's political work in the countryside taking as their cause the defense of …
A person who lived in captivity tells of the case of a sixteen-year-old PCP-SL girl who had capitulated but was caught on the road and returned to the base because her mother was there. This young man had raped a twelve-year-old girl. The commanders called him about this but it …
In 1980, as the PCP-SL began its armed struggle, the media landscape in regions like Puno was underdeveloped, with limited access to newspapers and radio stations. Radio Onda Azul played a crucial role in connecting with rural communities and promoting human rights, despite facing pressures and challenges. The lack of …
In April 1980, the Central Committee of the PCP-SL held the first Military School in Jicamarca, Chaclacayo. This school was personally directed by Abimael Guzmán, maximum leader of the PCP-SL. The main objective of this military school was to develop the militarization of the party and to prepare for the …
On April 19, 1980, the Shining Path (PCP-SL) marked a significant moment in its history with the inauguration of its First Military School. This event occurred less than a month before the group initiated its armed actions, symbolizing a formal preparation for the militant activities that followed. The event was …
In May 1980, during the organization of presidential elections in Peru, the armed group PCP-SL burned electoral urns and registers in the village of Chuschi. This act marked the beginning of a series of violent actions that would soon alert the entire country. The involvement of prominent PCP-SL leaders in …
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