First great historical moment of the Andean South characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of the city of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno. This period was based on the extensive exploitation of pastures, cattle and shepherds in the interior of the region. It represented a …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno, with the Azángaro revolts being particularly significant. These revolts were part of a period characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, whose base …
The uprising of Major Teodomiro Gutiérrez Cuevas, who adopted the name of Rumi Maqui, was the most famous peasant mobilization of the early 20th century in the southern Andes. He took up arms in the province of Azángaro in 1915, in the context of a series of revolts that took …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of peasant revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno. Among these revolts were those of Canas and Espinar that occurred in 1921, 1923 and 1930. These mobilizations were part of a period characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of peasant revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno. Among these mobilizations was the revolt of Ccapna and Lauramarca that took place between 1925 and 1927. This uprising was part of a broader cycle of peasant protests that also included the …
The Anta revolt in 1930 was part of a series of peasant uprisings that occurred in Cuzco and Puno at the beginning of the 20th century. This period, between 1885 and 1930, was characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, …
The second great historical moment of the Andean South was characterized by attempts at capitalist modernization based on the introduction of technical improvements and the proletarianization of the peasants. This period is framed between two historical moments: after the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of …
The population in the valleys of La Convención and Lares experienced significant demographic growth during the period 1940-1961. The population grew from 27,243 inhabitants in 1940 to 66,394 inhabitants in 1961, representing an increase of 144% in twenty years. This accelerated population growth occurred in the context of agrarian and …
Between 1946 and 1958, in a long period of 12 years, the so-called University Reform Front (FRU) predominated in the University San Antonio Abad del Cuzco. This front was led by the youth of the Peruvian Aprista Party. The RUF had its main stronghold in the students from Apurímac. This …
In 1950, a devastating earthquake struck Cuzco, Peru, leading to the creation of the Corporación de Reconstrucción y Fomento (CRYF). This organization spearheaded the reconstruction and urban modernization of Cuzco, transforming it into a bourgeoning tourist city. The modernization efforts included the expansion of the local university and the development …
On 21 May 1950, a magnitude 7 earthquake on the Mercalli scale struck Cuzco, Peru, causing widespread destruction. The subsequent reconstruction efforts, which took nearly a decade, led to significant urban modernization, including the demolition of colonial buildings and the expansion of infrastructure. This period also saw the establishment of …
On May 21, 1950, an earthquake measuring 7 on the Mercalli scale destroyed the city of Cuzco. As a result of the earthquake and the reconstruction effort, the State poured significant resources into the city and the region, creating in 1952 the Junta de Reconstrucción y Fomento Industrial del Cuzco, …
As a consequence of the May 21, 1950 earthquake that destroyed the city of Cuzco with a grade 7 on the Mercalli scale, the State poured significant resources into the city and the region for reconstruction. In 1952, the Junta de Reconstrucción y Fomento Industrial del Cuzco was created to …
The state colonization of Pichari in the 1960s and the road from Tambo to the port of San Francisco, opened in 1964, accelerated the process of occupation of the valley by Ayacucho peasant settlers whose properties are larger than those available to peasant families in the highlands. The San Francisco …
Hugo Blanco Galdós arrived in Cuzco in 1960 as part of his peasant activism. He settled as a 'arrendire' in the area of Chaupimayo, in the Valley of La Convención. From there he organized the peasants into unions under the slogan 'Land or Death', leading the most important peasant mobilization …
The first period of the guerrillas, between 1961 and 1963, brought together the experiences of the Revolutionary Left Front (FIR) and the National Liberation Army (ELN), whose objective was to support the peasant mobilization of Chaupimayo, in the valleys of La Convención and Lares de Cuzco, led by the peasant …
In 1961, the Universidad Técnica del Altiplano (UTA) was established in Puno, Peru, to provide local higher education opportunities and compete with universities in Cuzco and Arequipa. The university was later renamed Universidad Nacional Técnica del Altiplano in 1972. This institution played a significant role in the educational and social …
In 1961, the Universidad Técnica del Altiplano (UTA) was created in Puno in response to the desire of the Puno population to have its own university that could compete with the universities of Cuzco and Arequipa, where most young people migrated to pursue higher education. This desire for autonomy and …
At the end of 1962, a group of 40 militant men from the National Liberation Army (ELN), led by Héctor Béjar, tried to enter the country clandestinely through the Bolivian border to support the peasant leader Hugo Blanco in the valleys of La Convención and Lares de Cuzco. An advance …
The road from Tambo to the port of San Francisco was opened in 1964, accelerating the process of occupation of the valley by peasant settlers from Ayacucho. This road infrastructure allowed the important fair of Tambo, which was the end of the road, to 'drop off' towards the jungle as …
In 1965, the Machu Picchu Hydroelectric Plant and the Cachimayo Fertilizer Factory were built as part of the urban modernization process of the city of Cuzco. These works were the result of the reconstructive action of the State after the 1950 earthquake that destroyed the city. The construction of these …
In 1965, the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) led by Luis de la Puente Uceda carried out an ambush against a police detachment in the Yahuarina ravine. This action was part of the second guerrilla moment in the southern Andes, which took place at the beginning of 1965. However, in October …
In October 1965, the Pachacutec Front of Cuzco, part of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) led by Luis de la Puente Uceda, was practically disbanded. This guerrilla front had initiated actions in 1965, its main action being the ambush against a police detachment in the Yahuarina ravine at the beginning …
In December 1965, the Tupac Amaru Front, a guerrilla column in the central region of the country, was annihilated by counterinsurgent forces. This front was part of the guerrilla movements that operated in Peru between 1965 and 1967, which arose as a result of the agrarian problem and anti-landowner peasant …
The San Francisco bridge was inaugurated in 1971, becoming the main settlement in the Apurimac River Valley during the 1970s. The construction of the bridge significantly increased the occupation of the right bank of the river, territory of the department of Cuzco, where the Pichari settlement is located. This bridge …
In the 1972 Congress, held in Cuzco, it was agreed to change the name of the former FENEP to SUTEP and to abandon the old division based on educational levels. The unification of the teachers' union met with some opposition, especially from the PAP. The PCP Patria Roja allied with …
In 1972, during a congress held in Cuzco, the Federation of Educators of Peru (FENEP) was renamed as the Unified Syndicate of Education Workers of Peru (SUTEP). This marked the end of the division based on educational levels and represented a significant unification of the teaching syndicates. The leadership of …
The Antapampa Cooperative was invaded in January 1977 by community farmers who had been left out of the agrarian reform. This event was part of the process of land seizures that occurred after the agrarian reform benefited only 23% of the peasants in the Cuzco region, leaving the remaining 77%, …
In 1978, during the XVI Congress of the FEP in Cuzco, the PCP-SL, allied with Pukallaqta and the FER-Antifascista, attempted to dominate the Congress. They faced opposition from Patria Roja and were ultimately defeated, leading to their withdrawal. This event marked a significant moment in the political struggles within Peruvian …
The Constituent Assembly elections of June 4, 1978 were won by the APRA. In these elections, Hugo Blanco obtained a little more than half a million votes, becoming one of the most voted candidates thanks to the support of the peasantry of Cuzco. In Puno, Róger Cáceres, representative of the …
The general elections of May 1980 marked the return to democracy in Peru after the military government. Acción Popular (AP) obtained a clear victory, surpassing by far the required 36%. In the Andean South, AP won a majority in the departments of Apurimac, Cuzco and Madre de Dios, except in …
During the V Congress of the Peasant Confederation of Peru held in Cuzco in May 1980, Lino Quintanilla and Julio Cesar Mezich, members of Vanguardia Revolucionaria-PC, led a radical faction advocating for armed struggle. However, the majority of the attendees and their political representatives reaffirmed their commitment to electoral participation, …
On November 9, 1980, the PCP-PCP-SL carried out its first attack in the town of Tinta, located in the province of Canchis, Cuzco. The attack targeted the Núcleo Educativo Comunal. This event marked the beginning of a series of violent actions by the group in the region.
On November 9, 1980, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out its first attack in the department of Cuzco. The target was the Communal Educational Center located in the town of Tinta, capital of the province of Canchis. This attack marked the beginning of the Shining Path's violent actions in the Cuzco …
The PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the Civil Guard barracks in Sicuani, capital of the province of Canchis. This attack was part of a series of initial PCP-SL actions in the area, which also included damage to the railroad and the Municipality between January and May 1981. On May 26 of that …
During the initial period of political violence in the southern Andes (1980-1983), the first two deaths were recorded in the department of Cuzco in 1981. This period was characterized by few attacks and acts of sabotage in the region. In Cuzco specifically, it was a period of propaganda actions and …
The 1981 census recorded the population of three departments in the southern Peruvian Andes: Apurímac with 323,346 inhabitants, Cuzco with 716,369 inhabitants and Puno with 701,026 inhabitants. This census served as a baseline to measure population growth until the next census in 1993. The data revealed that Apurimac was considered …
On January 24, 1981, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out a harassment attack against the 27 de Noviembre barracks located in the city of Cuzco. This attack was part of the initial period of violence (1980-1983) in the Southern Andes, characterized by propaganda actions and bombings against various public and private …
Edmundo Cox Beuzeville, a mathematics teacher who had come from the district of San Anton in Azángaro, Puno, was denounced and later captured by the police in 1981. He was accused of 27 attacks in the city of Sicuani and the province of Canchis, including an attack on the Communal …
On April 26, 1981, Edmundo Cox Beuzeville was denounced in the city of Sicuani as responsible for 27 attacks. This denunciation took place in the context of the first years of the internal armed conflict, when the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began its actions in the department of Cuzco. On May 26 …
Edmundo Cox Beuzeville was captured in Sicuani, Cuzco on May 26, 1981. Subsequently, the Episcopal Commission for Social Action presented a documented denunciation of torture and human rights violations by the GC, the case of Cox Beuzeville being one of the most notorious.
On May 26, 1981, Edmundo Cox Beuzeville was arrested along with other people in the town of Sicuani, province of Canchis, department of Cuzco. They were accused of being militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This arrest took place in the context of the early years of the internal armed conflict, …
José María de la Jara y Ureta resigned from his position following the death of student Antonio Ayerbe Flores in Cuzco. His resignation marked a shift towards a more hardline government stance, with military figures taking key cabinet positions. The appointment of José Gagliardi Schiaffino as Interior Minister was seen …
Antonio Ayerbe Flores, a university student, was murdered on October 23, 1981 in the department of Cuzco. This event occurred during the early years of political violence in the region, in the context of the initial actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the department. The assassination took place in a …
Resignation of José María de la Jara y Ureta as Minister of the Interior. The death of the aprista student Antonio Ayerbe Flores in Cuzco motivated his resignation on his own initiative. In his letter of resignation, he recalled that in the performance of his duties he tried to adhere …
On April 23, members of the PCP-SL destroy the railway line between Cuzco-Sicuani and Cuzco-Quillabamba. This sabotage to the transportation infrastructure was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to affect the economy and isolate regions of the country.
On September 27, 1982, there was an assault on the Erapata police post, in the district of Vilcabamba, province of La Convención, department of Cuzco. According to the official police communiqué, 27 armed terrorist elements participated and destroyed the police post. In the attack, the guard Luis Chávez Ordóñez was …
On October 1, 1982 there was an assault on the Civil Guard post located in Erapata, district of Vilcabamba, province of La Convención, Quillabamba. During this attack, one Civil Guard died. This event is part of the first armed actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Apurimac river valley area. …
In January 1983, the first incursions and assassinations took place in the peasant communities of the department of Cuzco, specifically in the province of Acomayo. These events marked the beginning of the violence of the internal armed conflict in this area of the department. The province of Acomayo also suffered …
In May 1983, the first PCP-Sendero Luminoso raids and assassinations took place in peasant communities in the department of Cuzco. Among these initial attacks was the one in the district of Sucuytambo, in the province of Espinar. This event is part of the beginning of the violence in the Cuzco …
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