1987
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2 media items in Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Peru
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San Martín
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Timeline Events 50
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State of Emergency in Huánuco and San Martín
In 1994, the Peruvian government extended the State of Emergency in the regions of Huánuco and San Martín due to increased subversive activities by the PCP-SL (Shining Path). This period saw significant violence, including the assassination of community leaders and military personnel, as well as pressure on local coca growers. …
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Capture of Lucero Cumpa
In September 1992, the MRTA National Directorate ordered Lucero Cumpa to return from Germany to assume the General Command of the Northeastern Front (FNO). When she was captured in May 1993, Antonio was left in sole command of the FNO and took refuge in the Pongo de Caynarachi due to …
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Migration and Agricultural Expansion in Huánuco and San Martín
In the years leading up to 1993, migration policies encouraged movement from the highlands and coast to the high jungle regions of Peru. This resulted in significant agricultural expansion, particularly in the department of Huánuco, where larger agricultural units became more prevalent in the jungle compared to the highlands. The …
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Comandante Antonio leads the Northeastern Front (FNO) of MRTA
Comandante Antonio assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1993. He was the last in a series of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. The military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
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Ninja" case
The 'Ninja Case' involved the murder of eight drug traffickers in Balsayacu, San Martin, on October 28, 1992. The perpetrators, including Captain José Penas Sandoval and Lieutenant Werner Huamaní Tipismana, committed the crime to steal 300 kilos of drugs. This event highlights the intersection of military personnel and drug trafficking …
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Lucero Cumpa returns from Germany to take over the General Command of the FNO
In September 1992, the MRTA National Directorate ordered Lucero Cumpa to return from Germany to assume the General Command of the Northeastern Front (FNO). This return took place in a context of crisis for the MRTA, after the capture of Evaristo (who had assumed the general command of the MRTA …
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Military Offensive Against MRTA in San Martín
In August 1992, the Huallaga Front launched a systematic military offensive against the MRTA in the San Martín region of Peru. The offensive, led by General Eduardo Bellido Mora, aimed to win over the local population through social works and establish armed civil defense patrols. The campaign culminated in the …
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Rolando's capture
Rolando was captured on June 14, 1992. After his capture, Evaristo assumed overall command of the MRTA. This event is mentioned in the context of the dismantling of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin. Rolando's capture was part of a series of blows …
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MRTA attacks in Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo.
Between April and May 1992, the MRTA carried out a series of offensive military actions in the department of San Martin. MRTA attacked the towns of Tarapoto, Picota, Tabalosos and San Miguel del Río Mayo. In addition to these attacks on towns, the MRTA also attacked the police posts of …
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Comandante Esther leads the Northeastern Front of MRTA
Comandante Esther assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1992-1993. The FNO commander was the military chief of the organization in the region and was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the …
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Defeat of the MRTA in Peru
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Peruvian government intensified its counterinsurgency operations against subversive groups, including the MRTA and PCP-SL. The MRTA, despite having well-trained combatants and support from local bases, faced strategic challenges and was significantly weakened by both the PCP-SL and the Peruvian Armed Forces. In …
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Creation of the San Martín Region and MRTA's Response
In 1992, following persistent social mobilizations led by FEDIP-SM, the government of President Alberto Fujimori enacted the law establishing the San Martín Region. In response, Lucas Cachay proposed a plan to strengthen the MRTA's presence in civil society, which was met with threats from the MRTA due to differing views …
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MRTA attacks in San Martin
Numerous MRTA elements simultaneously attacked police posts and public premises in four cities in the department of San Martin: Saposoa, Tarapoto, Rioja and Moyobamba. During these coordinated attacks, MRTA members kidnapped nine policemen. These attacks were part of an MRTA offensive in the Amazon region of the country.
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Creation of the Commission of Pacification of the San Martín Region
On April 20, 1991, the Commission of Pacification of the San Martín Region was established, spearheaded by the Catholic Church. The commission was led by Professor Lincoln Rojas Salazar, the Executive Secretary of OPASM. Its directive committee included various entities such as the National University of San Martín, political parties, …
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Formation of Autonomous Peasant Patrols and the Role of OPASM
In the region of San Martín, Peru, autonomous peasant patrols were formed in response to subversive threats. These patrols were initially independent but later had to adapt to the military's creation of defense committees. The Office of Prelature Social Action (OPASM) played a significant role in organizing workshops on human …
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MRTA's Involvement in Drug Trafficking in Peru
In November 1990, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) began to charge fees for drug flights departing from areas under their control in San Martín, Peru. This decision was made during their III Central Committee of Unity in September 1990, as a means to fund their military activities. The arrangement …
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MRTA Internal Conflict and Military Setback
In September 1990, during the III Central Committee of Unity, the MRTA leadership was reshuffled, leading to tensions with its ally, MIR-VR. The MRTA's militaristic approach caused a rift, weakening the alliance. Subsequently, an internal conflict led to a military setback when MRTA forces, led by 'c' Antonio, pursued 'c' …
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Death of Major Roberto
Commander Roberto (whose real name was Rodrigo Galvez) died on February 9, 1990. That same day, the MRTA took the town of Picota. After his death, the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA took his name as a tribute. In April 1990, after Roberto's death, Commander Evaristo entrusted the command …
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Comandante Evaristo leads the Northeastern Front of MRTA
Comandante Evaristo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin during the period 1990-1992. As military chief of the FNO, Evaristo was in charge of coordinating political actions together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief. His leadership …
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MRTA enters a village with an armed column in San Martin.
In 1990, the MRTA, under Ricardo's command, entered a village with an armed column and demanded demands that the people did not want to comply with. Faced with this situation, the MRTA faced two options: to carry out a massacre or to withdraw without defeat. Ricardo opted to apologize for …
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MRTA coexistence with drug trafficking in San Martin
Between 1990 and 1992, the MRTA lost support from the local population due to the abuse of the quotas they used to extort money from the few remaining businessmen in the region and, in general, to the criminal practices that many of their hastily recruited militia members had engaged in. …
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Commander Ricardo leads the Northeastern Front of MRTA
Commander Ricardo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1990. His command period was brief, being part of a succession of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press …
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MRTA Offensive in San Martín
In 1989, the MRTA launched a new offensive in the San Martín region, capturing several localities including Juanjuí and conducting simultaneous incursions in Tarapoto, Saposoa, Moyobamba, and Rioja on December 24. This was part of the MRTA's Military Campaign Fernando Valladares, aimed at criticizing the economic and political conditions imposed …
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Kidnapping of Demetrio Tafur by MRTA
On June 25, 1989, Demetrio Tafur, the President of the Corporación Departamental de Desarrollo de San Martín, was kidnapped by members of the MRTA. The kidnapping occurred approximately 65 kilometers from the city of Tarapoto. The MRTA later claimed responsibility and issued demands to the government, including infrastructure improvements and …
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Commander Roberto leads the Northeastern Front (FNO) of MRTA
Comandante Roberto assumed the leadership of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during the period 1988-1990. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the political actions of the front. …
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Assassination of Professor Julio Sánchez and the Formation of the First Ronda Campesina
In 1988, the assassination of Professor Julio Sánchez in Shapaja by elements of the MRTA led to the creation of the first ronda campesina in the department of San Martín. This event marked a significant moment in the local community's response to political violence. The formation of these peasant patrols …
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Detención ilegal y ejecuciones extrajudiciales en San Martín
In January 1988, Dr. Carlos Escobar Pineda, the Superior Prosecutor in the judicial district of San Martín, received reports of the illegal detention of 35 individuals. Official records later confirmed the reappearance of only 28 of these individuals. The counter-subversive campaign during this period included extrajudicial executions.
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Incursion in Yorongos
On December 16, 1987, the MRTA raided the village of Yorongos as part of the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' Military Campaign. This action was part of a series of raids and takeovers of villages that the Tupac Amaru Army (ET) of the Northeastern Front carried out between October and December 1987 …
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Interview with Commander Rolando of MRTA
During a series of takeovers of localities by the MRTA in the department of San Martin, journalists interviewed Commander Rolando, head of the MRTA column, in the context of the armed actions that led the government to hand over political-military control of the entire department of San Martin to the …
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MRTA Armed Actions in San Martín
In early November, a column of seventy members of the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) took control of several towns in the San Martín department of Peru, including Juanjui, San José de Sisa, Shatoja, and San Martín de Alao. The events were captured by Lima television cameras, which also interviewed …
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First incursion of MRTA in Juanjui
On November 6, 1987, the MRTA carried out its first incursion in the city of Juanjui with an operation executed by sixty members of the organization. The action consisted of the seizure of the three police posts in the city, the airport and the looting of a bank. The operation …
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Conflict between MRTA and PCP-SL in Peru
In November 1987, tensions escalated between the MRTA and PCP-SL in San Martín, Peru. The MRTA accused the PCP-SL of violent attacks not only against them but also against popular sectors and organizations. The MRTA criticized the PCP-SL's actions as detrimental to the revolutionary cause and called for adherence to …
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Second MRTA raid in Pajarillo
On August 30, 1987, the MRTA carried out its second incursion in the town of Pajarillo, located in the Sisa Valley, an area considered strategic by this subversive organization. This incursion was as fleeting as the first one that had occurred in Campanilla on July 13 of the same year. …
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State of Emergency Declared in Huánuco and San Martín
On July 13, 1987, a state of emergency was declared in the regions of Huanuco and San Martin in Peru. This declaration was part of the government's response to increasing violence and insurgency activities by groups such as the PCP-SL (Shining Path) and MRTA. The situation escalated to the point …
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First incursion of MRTA in Campanilla
The MRTA began its public military actions in 1987 with the formation of the Northeastern Front. The control zone considered strategic by the MRTA was the Sisa Valley, the access point to the Alto Mayo, Middle Mayo, Huayabamba Valley and Central Huallaga. The first incursion, very brief, occurred on July …
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Attack on Campanilla
On July 13, 1987, the town of Campanilla in the San Martín and Loreto regions of Peru was taken and occupied by subversive forces. During this event, public buildings were set on fire. This incident was part of a series of violent actions in the region during the late 1980s.
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First Recorded Clash Between MRTA and SL
In March 1987, a significant clash occurred between the guerrilla groups MRTA and SL in the city of Tocache. A group of 100 MRTA guerrillas attempted to take control of the city but were defeated by SL forces, resulting in the loss of 40 MRTA members. This defeat hindered MRTA's …
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Escalation of Violence in San Martín and Ucayali
In 1987, the violence in the northeastern region of Peru intensified with the involvement of new actors, including the Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru (MRTA) and paramilitary groups like 'Rodrigo Franco'. The MRTA initiated armed conflict in the southern part of San Martín, clashing with both state forces and the PCP-SL …
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Comandante Raúl leads the Northeastern Front (FNO) of MRTA
Commander Raul was the military commander of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in the department of San Martin between 1987 and 1988. As military chief, together with the political chief, the press chief and the logistics chief, he was in charge of coordinating the FNO's political actions. The …
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MRTA Guerrilla Campaign in San Martín
In 1987, the MRTA ended its truce with President Alan García and launched a guerrilla campaign in the San Martín department. This campaign was heavily publicized, occurring shortly after the controversial attempt to nationalize the banking sector, which had intensified opposition against the government. Despite the significant media coverage and …
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Campaña Militar «Tupac Amaru Vive»
In 1987, a group of subversives formed an army in San Martín, Peru, composed of militants from MIR-VR and MRTA. They trained in the Pongo de Caynarachi-Shanusi area and launched the 'Tupac Amaru Vive' military campaign on October 8, with incursions into several towns including Tabalosos, Macedas, Soritor, Juanjuí, San …
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MRTA's First Military Campaign 'Tupac Amaru Vive'
In 1987, the MRTA (Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) initiated its first military campaign, 'Tupac Amaru Vive,' involving incursions into various cities in San Martín, Peru. This campaign was part of a broader struggle for regional autonomy and political decentralization, amidst the backdrop of political violence. The Peruvian state responded by …
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MRTA cadres stationed in San Martin
In 1987, MRTA cadres from different departments of Peru were sent to the department of San Martin to form part of the Northeastern Front, the first MRTA Guerrilla Front. This experience was to serve as a model for cadres from other departments to form their respective Guerrilla Fronts. After the …
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MRTA presence in Aucayacu
The MRTA had a strong presence in Aucayacu between 1986 and 1989. In the mid-1980s, small MRTA groups operated and even carried out attacks in the urban area of Tocache, but their weight was minimal compared to that of the PCP-SL. MRTA's presence in Aucayacu was significant during this period, …
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Establecimiento del Frente Guerrillero en San Martín
In 1984, the MRTA and the MIR-VR formed an alliance to establish a Guerrilla Front in the department of San Martin, Peru. This front was commanded by a Regional Directorate in charge of developing the political and military struggle, organizing and making the local population aware of the armed struggle. …
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Huelga Campesina Regional de 1982
In March 1982, the Federación Agraria Selva Maestra (FASMA) led by Segundo Centurión initiated a general indefinite strike to address issues related to the commercialization of rice and corn. The strike involved blocking the Marginal highway and was supported by various sectors, including transport workers and public employees. The conflict …
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MIR-VR mapping and census mission in Sint Maarten
Between 1982 and 1984, MIR-VR area managers had the mission to travel throughout their area in order to prepare maps for population and housing censuses. This task included locating villages, roads, paths, trails, trails, native ethnic groups, bridges, streams, among other geographic and demographic elements. The people leaving the political-military …
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Internal Displacement During the Peruvian Armed Conflict
During the Peruvian armed conflict, internal displacement affected hundreds of thousands, primarily Quechua-speaking individuals, who fled rural areas due to violence and insecurity. The conflict, which targeted rural, predominantly indigenous populations, forced many to seek refuge in urban areas, leading to the creation of marginal communities around cities. Despite its …
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Establishment of the MIR-VR's First Military School
In 1982, the MIR-VR held a departmental congress in Juan Guerra, San Martín, where they elected their regional leadership. They decided to establish their first military school in Alto Shanusi under the direction of 'comrade Darío', a veteran of the Sandinista Front. The school started with 15 members, but many …
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MIR-VR's Influence in San Martín and the 1981 SUTE-SM Congress
In 1981, the MIR-VR significantly influenced the political landscape in San Martín, Peru, by winning the leadership of the SUTE-SM during its regional congress in Sauce. The victory was led by Lucas Cachay Huamán and marked a pivotal moment for the MIR-VR, as it expanded its influence across various cities …