Complete database of events related to the internal armed conflict in Peru, extracted from the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR). 5,159 events documented from 1817 to 2003.
In 2002, the Peruvian Investigative Police (PIP) established a division to address subversive activities, initially located in Chorrillos. The division faced significant logistical and financial challenges, starting with minimal resources. Shortly after its formation, the division was renamed División de Policía Antisubversiva (DIPAS) and relocated to Miraflores, continuing to struggle …
On 14 July 1999, Feliciano, a subversive figure, was captured in Cochas, near Huánuco, Peru. The capture was initially misrepresented by the government, which claimed it was executed by the Peruvian Army while Feliciano was disguised as a campesino. However, it was later revealed that he was captured on an …
In May 1995, in the district of Yanacancha, Pasco, there was an armed confrontation between alleged members of subversive groups and the Peruvian Army. The confrontation resulted in the death of 12 alleged subversives. This event occurred in the context of the final period of the internal armed conflict in …
During 1994, Peruvian law enforcement suffered 67 fatal casualties in the internal armed conflict, representing 4.0% of the total number of law enforcement casualties during the entire period investigated. Of these casualties, 52 corresponded to the Armed Forces and 15 to the Police Forces. This year is in the period …
In 1994, displaced communities in Satipo, Peru, began returning to their homes after being forced to leave due to subversive violence. The returning families faced the challenge of rebuilding their lives and communities, which had been destroyed by the conflict. With support from organizations like World Vision and the Truth …
On August 27, 1993, Monsignor Durand accused Amnesty International and Americas Watch of presenting a biased view of human rights violations in Peru. He claimed that these organizations disproportionately highlight violence in the country, suggesting a partisan agenda. This portrayal, according to Durand, damages Peru's international image and hinders foreign …
On August 9, 1993, 15 students from the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP) were captured and accused of belonging to subversive groups. These detentions were reportedly based on information provided by previously captured students who, under pressure and in accordance with the 'Law of Repentance', named other individuals, …
In the early 1990s, the Peruvian government and military identified the education sector as a significant area of subversive activity by leftist groups such as Sendero Luminoso and MRTA. These groups had infiltrated educational institutions to spread Marxist ideologies and gain influence over teachers and students. In response, the government …
In 1993, members of the Rondas Campesinas from the Native Community of Anexo San Fernando de Meritori, Satipo, were involved in an incident during an incursion into the Anexo Delta. The patrol, consisting of 30 natives, was responding to threats and the disappearance of a community member, suspecting subversive bases …
On June 19, 1992, subversives took over the town of Mazamari-Dos de Mayo in the province of Satipo. During this armed incursion, the subversives killed 7 villagers. This event occurred in the context of 1992, when violence reached its highest peak in the central region, with dynamite attacks, blackouts, sabotage, …
During the 1980s, Peru experienced a severe internal armed conflict marked by widespread violence. The Peruvian parliament's failure to adequately address the subversion contributed to human rights violations. The situation worsened after the coup on April 5, 1992, when a process of normative corruption emerged, leading to impunity for state …
On April 5, 1992, Peru experienced an 'autogolpe' or self-coup, which was a response to the dilemma faced by the civilian government regarding the control of the military in the fight against subversion. This event marked a significant shift in the political landscape of Peru, as the government sought to …
In April 1992, a coup d'état occurred in Peru at a time when the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL) was already strategically defeated. The presence of independent media documenting the violence and the role of civil society organizations in questioning human rights violations contributed to the lack of popular support …
In April 1992, a series of targeted assassinations were carried out by the Shining Path (PCP-SL) in Huanta, Peru. Key figures, including the brother of a local leader and a former leader of a housing association, were killed. These actions were part of a broader strategy by the PCP-SL to …
In 1992, it became common for 'sudden' individuals to be detained for months in Peru, where they were coerced into identifying people allegedly involved with subversive activities. During their detention, they were subjected to physical and psychological abuse. The testimonies from various provinces, such as Azángaro and Chanchamayo, highlight the …
In January 1992, the province of Huaura in Lima, Peru, was declared in a state of emergency due to the presence of subversive groups like Sendero Luminoso and MRTA. The region experienced numerous attacks, with 126 actions recorded from January 1991 to June 1992. The state of emergency was extended …
In 1992, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) exerted control over several areas in the Huallaga region, which they considered 'liberated zones. These areas, known as Bolsón Cuchara and Bolsón Primavera, were organized with a structured hierarchy of bases, committees, and a guerrilla army. The local population …
In 1992, the Peruvian government intensified its control over maximum security prisons, which became sites of severe human rights abuses. The prisons, intended to suppress subversive activities, instead fostered environments of violence, torture, and psychological trauma. Many inmates, including those wrongfully accused, suffered under harsh conditions, leading some to align …
In 1992, the capture of key subversive leaders in Peru marked a significant step towards the strategic defeat of terrorism and subversion in the country. However, these achievements were overshadowed by an increase in human rights violations, particularly concerning due process, facilitated by an authoritarian legal and institutional framework. The …
On December 24, 1991, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took the town of Juanjui, located in the department of San Martin, for the second time. This action took place in the context of an intensification of MRTA activities during that year, which included multiple attacks on police posts and …
On July 19, 1991, a military commando conducted a covert operation at the home of university professor Francisco Solier García, resulting in the assassination of Solier, his wife, and his son. The operation employed firearms with silencers, a method characteristic of anti-subversive operations by the military. Testimonies suggest that Solier …
On 16 July 1991, the PCP Sendero Luminoso prepared an attack on the city of Tingo María. However, due to a warning from a local rondero, the Army was able to prepare and successfully confront the attack. The confrontation resulted in forty deaths, including subversives, civilians, and five soldiers.
In July 1991, the Peruvian government and major political parties signed a National Political Agreement aimed at pacifying the country. This agreement included the design of a democratic and comprehensive counter-subversive strategy, emphasizing the importance of maintaining human rights. However, tensions between the executive and legislative branches intensified, leading to …
On June 1, 1991, members of the Peruvian National Police (PNP) captured six members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) in the district of Pueblo Libre, Lima. This operation took place one day after another important capture in the Lima district of Jesus Maria, where Alberto Galvez Olaechea, leader …
In June 1991, soldiers at La Cantuta University burned a significant number of books from the Central Library, claiming they promoted subversion. This event was part of a broader military intervention in universities, where subversive groups were forced into hiding. The incident reflects the tension between military forces and academic …
Members of DIRCOTE captured Lucero Cumpa Miranda, MRTA leader, in the Lima district of Magdalena del Mar. This was her second capture, as she had previously been rescued on March 11 by a violent action of MRTA while she was being transferred to the Judicial Power. The rescue of Cumpa …
On February 23, 1991, subversives murdered 23 peasants in the district of Ayna, province of La Mar, department of Ayacucho. This event occurred in the context of the political violence affecting the country during the first year of Alberto Fujimori's government. The event took place in the midst of an …
On February 2, 1991, subversives carried out an explosive attack against a Kentucky Fried Chicken store located in the district of Miraflores. The attack left several people wounded. This attack was part of a series of violent actions carried out during February 1991. Among the most important attacks of that …
Subversives attacked U.S. embassy security personnel using FAL rifles. This attack was part of a series of violent actions carried out during February 1991. The attack took place in a context of intensifying political violence in the Peruvian capital. Two days after the attack on the embassy, there was another …
In 1991, several teachers affiliated with the Sindicato Único de Trabajadores de la Educación Peruana (SUTEP) were forcibly disappeared. These disappearances were part of a broader strategy by state agents to combat subversion by targeting individuals suspected of being militants or sympathizers of subversive organizations. The case was brought before …
In the early 1990s, the Peruvian government, under President Alberto Fujimori, sought to address subversive threats while maintaining a public discourse of human rights respect. Despite international scrutiny, particularly from the United States, the government continued its military strategies against subversion. Negotiations for economic aid from the U.S. were complicated …
The MRTA took over the town of Moho in the province of Moho, department of Puno, during 1991. This action was part of the MRTA's presence in the provinces of Sandia and Moho, where the subversive group managed to establish itself during this period. The seizure of Moho was one …
President Alberto Fujimori Fujimori proposes the creation of military tribunals to try subversives, leaving civilian responsibility in the background. He points out that, in this way, the State could have an effective instrument to safeguard society. This proposal is framed in a context of concern about the government's respect for …
On July 9, 1990, 47 MRTA prisoners escaped from Castro Castro prison through a tunnel. Among the escapees were Víctor Polay Campos and Alberto Gálvez Olaechea, two of the main leaders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. This mass escape represented a significant blow to prison security in the country. …
The Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) called for an armed strike in the city of Lima on March 28, 1990. The armed strike failed in its attempt to paralyze the Peruvian capital. This type of action was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to demonstrate its capacity for …
In March 1990, delegates from various communities in the Alto and Bajo Tulumayo regions of Peru convened a general assembly. During this meeting, they agreed to form the Central Committee of the Peasant Patrols. This organization was part of a broader effort to resist subversive groups and maintain local security.
Commander Ricardo assumed command of the Northeastern Front (FNO) of the MRTA in San Martin during 1990. His command period was brief, being part of a succession of commanders who led the FNO between 1987 and 1993. As military commander of the FNO, together with the political chief, the press …
In early January 1990, a group of Asháninka people, estimated to be between 2000 and 2500, took control of Puerto Bermúdez, Peru. They were armed with bows, arrows, and some hunting rifles, and established strict control over the population, suspecting them of collaborating with the MRTA subversives. This led to …
In January 1990, the Peruvian military established several counterinsurgency fronts to combat subversive activities across the country. These fronts included the Mantaro Front in Junín and Pasco, the Huallaga Front in San Martín and Huánuco, and the Ucayali Front in Ucayali and parts of Huánuco. Each front was equipped with …
In the midst of a widespread crisis and loss of confidence in political organizations, the 1990 presidential elections in Peru resulted in the victory of Alberto Fujimori, an independent candidate. Fujimori's administration faced significant challenges, including an economic crisis and the threat of subversion, which he addressed by relying on …
In December 1989, the Peruvian military issued Directive No. 017, a strategic directive aimed at combating subversion within the country. Signed by General Artemio Palomino Toledo, the directive reorganized the military's approach to internal defense by establishing counter-subversive fronts and focusing on dismantling the military and political structures of subversive …
The III Session of the I Congress of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) was held in June 1989. In this plenary session, the subversive organization approved the concept of "strategic balance" as part of its strategy of people's war. This congress was part of a series …
The president of the Council of Ministers, Armando Villanueva del Campo, and his cabinet appeared before Congress to respond on the issues of economic crisis and subversion, particularly on the Uchiza case. On April 26, the Villanueva cabinet was questioned before the Chamber of Deputies to respond to a list …
Cardinal Juan Landázuri Ricketts publicly stated that the Catholic Church is willing to mediate if there are positive signs of a dialogue with the subversives. This statement was made in a context of intensifying political violence in the country, particularly after the PCP-SL attack on the Uchiza police post on …
On March 25, 1989, the leader of the Ronderos movement, Huayhuaco, gave a notable interview where he claimed that with 500 rifles, he could liberate Ayacucho in a year. This statement highlighted the ongoing struggle against subversive forces in Peru and the role of the Ronderos in this conflict. The …
In March 1989, during the administration of Mercedes Cabanillas Bustamante, the Peruvian government implemented a course of Premilitary Instruction in schools. This initiative was part of a broader strategy to combat subversion by militarizing educational spaces, a move that faced opposition from the teachers' union SUTEP. The course was managed …
Victor Polay, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured in Huancayo on January 31, 1989. This capture represented a serious setback for the MRTA, whose organizational apparatus was already resentful. After this event, the MRTA continued to operate in the central jungle but with diminished capacity. Polay's …
In 1989, the Peruvian government began militarizing its police forces, a move that was met with public disapproval. Many political and social actors viewed this as an attempt by the ruling Partido Aprista to control the state's security apparatus, with some fearing the creation of a parallel army. The changes …
In 1989, the Peruvian military prepared a document known as Plan Verde, which analyzed the possibility of executing a military coup in mid-1990. The document highlighted concerns about subversive activities within educational spaces, suggesting that teachers and students could be involved in subversive actions. It proposed a collaborative effort between …
In 1989, the Peruvian government introduced measures to combat subversion, including the creation of the Policía Nacional del Perú and specialized units like the Dirección de Operaciones Especiales (DOES) and Dirección de Inteligencia del Ministerio del Interior (DIGIMIN). Despite these efforts, the Dirección Contra el Terrorismo (DIRCOTE) faced challenges such …
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