During the period 1980-2000, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) recorded a total of 11,376 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 6,788 victims, State Agents for 3,491, the Self-Defense Committees (CADS) for 261, the MRTA for 71, and 765 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators …
During 1984, in the context of increasing violence and terror in Ayacucho, the first mass graves were discovered in Huamanguilla and Pucayacu. These findings showed the magnitude of the human rights violations committed during the period when the Navy was operating in the area and the Self-Defense Committees had been …
In August 1984, the Peruvian army committed assassinations against villagers in Uchuraccay. The wife and young son of Faustino Gómez were killed, as well as the youngest daughter of Paulino Figueroa. Also killed were Angelina Llancce Puclla, Inocencia Llancce, Bonifacia Gálvez Farfán, Emilia Ccahuana Cunto and María Maule. These murders …
By August 1984, after multiple attacks by the Shining Path PCP and the armed forces, the villagers of Uchuraccay had no choice but to completely abandon their community. During the previous months, incursions by the PCP-SL, the Self-Defense Committees and the military arrived indiscriminately, burning houses, stealing belongings and livestock, …
On November 24, 1984, a combined police, military and self-defense committee operation, apparently coming from the province of La Mar in Ayacucho, disappeared the community of Lucmahuayco. The villagers were killed and the survivors were taken to the city of Quillabamba to be prosecuted as terrorists. The counter-subversive forces accused …
Between 1986 and 1987, at the height of the boom in the links between coca leaf producers and drug-trafficking buyers, the Shining Path columns intensified their actions in Apurímac. This intensification would help, according to PCP-SL claims, to enter a new and superior stage called 'strategic balance'. This second stage …
In 1986, the Comités de Autodefensa became a significant adversary to the PCP-SL (Shining Path) in Peru. The mass mobilization of the peasantry against the Shining Path's project was not acknowledged by its leader, Abimael Guzmán, as a strategic error. This conflict highlighted the disconnect between the central leadership and …
Between February and April 1986, the first massacres of peasants took place in the towns of Toraya, Lucre and Colcabamba, located in the province of Aymaraes, department of Apurimac. These massacres marked the beginning of the internal armed conflict in the highland provinces of Apurimac. The process of internal armed …
On September 14, 1987, the PCP-SL raided Putaqasa, in the Sacsamarca district. During this incursion, the hikers assassinated 9 community members and set fire to houses in the area. This event is part of a series of attacks that the PCP-SL carried out in the Huancasancos area during the period …
On September 14, 1987, the PCP-SL raided Putaqasa, part of the Sacsamarca district, killing nine community members and burning houses. This attack was part of the PCP-SL's retaliatory actions against communities that had formed or supported Self-Defense Committees. Putaqasa was attacked again on February 10, 1989, when the PCP-SL raided …
In April 1988, the Shining Path PCP attacked the town of Pichiwilca, which was the base of the Self-Defense Committees of the Apurimac River Valley. The attack was supported by a large contingent of peasants from the local subversive force. The villagers of Pichiwilca managed to alert the ronderos of …
In June 1988, the PCP-SL perpetrated a collective assassination in San Gerardo, Sivia district, in the Apurimac River Valley. This event took place in the context of the Shining Path offensive between 1986 and 1989, when the PCP-SL intensified its actions in the Apurimac area seeking to achieve 'strategic balance'. …
In June 1988, the Shining Path PCP attacked the town of San Gerardo, located in the district of Sivia, in the jungle of Ayacucho, in the Apurimac River Valley. During this raid, the PCP-SL killed 17 people. This attack took place in the context of the pressure of the subversives …
On June 13, 1988, the province of Cotabambas was declared in a state of emergency, becoming the first province in the southern Andean region to receive this declaration. This measure was intended to counteract the control that the Shining Path PCP had managed to establish in the area through the …
In February 1989, a large group of subversives from the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the village of Canayre in Llochegua. According to testimonies, the subversives came down the river from Ene. During the attack on the village, they killed 37 people. This attack took place in the context of the violence …
On February 10, 1989, the PCP-SL again raided Putaqasa, an annex of the Sacsamarca district. In this second attack, the subversive organization assassinated two community members. This event occurred approximately a year and a half after the first incursion on September 14, 1987, when the PCP-SL had killed nine community …
On February 28, 1989, one of the most bloody confrontations between the Self-Defense Committees and the PCP-Sendero Luminoso took place in the community of San Francisco, province of Abancay, Apurimac. This confrontation resulted in the death of 30 ronderos (members of the Self-Defense Committees). The event occurred in the context …
There was a confrontation between the PCP-SL and an army patrol in Cotabambas. From that moment on, Self-Defense Committees began to be organized in the different provinces of the department, as part of the counter-subversive strategy.
On April 12, 1989, Self-Defense Committees began to be organized in the various provinces of the department of Apurimac. This organization was part of a new counter-subversive strategy implemented by the Armed and Police Forces between 1988 and 1989, a period that saw the highest death toll of the internal …
On May 6, 1989, there was a confrontation between the Peruvian Army and the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in Tambobamba, capital of the province of Cotabambas in Apurimac. This confrontation took place in the context of a new counter-subversive strategy implemented by the Armed and Police Forces, which established Counter-Subversive Bases and …
In mid-1989, in the central jungle, the PCP-SL achieved absolute control of the Ene River basin and part of the Tambo River basin, thus gaining control of the entire province of Satipo (Junín). This territorial control was achieved at the cost of the razing of dozens of communities, the murder …
In November 1989, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso assassinated 4 ronderos belonging to the Santa Rosa peasant patrol, district of Ayna, province of La Mar. This attack took place in the context of the Shining Path offensive against the Self-Defense Committees and the peasant patrols that had organized to resist their presence …
In 1990, Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path (PCP-SL), declared the completion of the 'strategic defensive' phase of their prolonged war, aiming to focus subversive actions in Lima due to setbacks in rural areas. The rise of 'rondas campesinas' and 'comités de autodefensa' marked a significant peasant resistance against …
Between 1990 and early 1992, the Peruvian Army carried out several military operations in the Tambo and Ene basins, attacking several communities controlled by the PCP-SL. In Quempiri, on May 13, 1990, the community fled to their farms when they heard three army helicopters. On May 14, 1991, the Sinchis …
Second meeting for the organization of peasant patrols in the Alto and Bajo Cunas area. Representatives from the annexes of Chala Alta and San Pedro de Sulcán joined the community members from Quero, Santa Rosa de Huarmitá, San Roque de Huarmitá, Chaquicocha and Usibamba who had participated in the first …
In March 1990, delegates from the 48 communities of Tulumayo met in a general assembly to coordinate the organization of the peasant patrols that had begun to form since January of that year. In this assembly they agreed to form the Central Committee of the Rondas Campesinas del Alto y …
By 1991, specialists and institutions estimated that out of 55,000 Asháninkas in the Central Jungle, about 10,000 were forcibly displaced in the Ene, Tambo and Perené valleys. It is estimated that 6,000 people died during the conflict and about 5,000 people were held captive under the control of the PCP-SL. …
In 1991, due to the gradual change in the Navy's counter-subversive strategy, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began to retreat to some areas along the Ucayali River and lost control of the villages along the Federico Basadre Highway (CFB). This change of strategy implied that the Navy stopped carrying out bloody operations …
In 1991, the armed forces, particularly the Peruvian Navy, implemented a significant change in their counter-subversive strategy in Ucayali. This new strategy was based on winning over the social base of the PCP-SL through civic actions that demonstrated to the civilian population that the armed forces respected the lives of …
In 1991, the Peruvian Navy took over full command of the Political-Military Command of Ucayali, which had been initially established on June 1, 1989 when the department was declared in a state of emergency. This change implied a change in the counter-subversive strategy, ceasing to carry out bloody operations in …
At the end of 1991, the Army entered the province of Satipo and compulsively organized the population into urban and peasant patrols. The native patrols, which had been confronting the PCP-SL on their own initiative, received support from the army. In 1991, the Ashaninka of the Ene and Tambo rivers …
In 1991, the Rondas Campesinas were formed in Vilcashuamán by deserters of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) due to personal grievances. These groups were organized with the support of the military and included the creation of Comités de Autodefensa (CADs). The CADs were established partly because of the absence of …
In March 1991, about 100 Shining Path PCP subversives took over the towns of Ñuñuhuayco and Patahuasi in the province of Cangallo, department of Ayacucho. During this raid, the subversives killed eight community members in Ñuñuhuayco and six community members in Patahuasi. This attack took place in the context of …
On June 24, 1991, in the Chaquicocha annex, President Alberto Fujimori delivered shotguns and pickup trucks to the local ronderos. This event took place in the context of the consolidation of the Self-Defense Committees in the Alto and Bajo Cunas area, which had been organized since the end of 1989 …
On July 30, 1991, there was a confrontation between the 'ronderos' (members of the Self-Defense Committees) of Santa Rosa and the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the province of Grau, Apurímac. This confrontation is framed in the period of counter-subversive strategies (1989-1992), when the Armed Forces established an alliance with the peasantry …
In November 1991, a Shining Path column raided the district of Santo Tomás de Pata and killed 37 members of the peasant patrols. This attack took place in the context of a PCP-SL offensive against the Self-Defense Committees, considered by the Shining Path as the main obstacle to its political-military …
On November 8, 1991, Decree Law No. 740 was enacted, days before the enactment of DL No. 741 on Self-Defense Committees. This decree established that the peasant patrols recognized by Law No. 24571 (mentioned but not completed in the text) would have a specific legal framework. The decree was part …
On November 8, 1991, Decree Law No. 741, called 'Law for the Recognition of the Self-Defense Committees', was enacted. This legal framework accepted the existence of multiple and diverse organizations of the civilian population, especially in rural areas, whose main function was to fight against subversion. According to the decree, …
In 1992, the Peruvian Navy assumed command of the Political-Military Command of Ucayali, marking an important change in the counter-subversive strategy in the region. This change coincided with a new strategy based on winning over the PCP-SL's social base through civic actions that demonstrated to the civilian population that the …
On November 11, 1992, the government promulgated the Regulation on the Organization and Functions of the Self-Defense Committees. This regulation was promulgated one year after Legislative Decrees No. 740 and No. 741 of November 1991, which had established the legal framework for the recognition of the Self-Defense Committees. The regulation …
In 1993, in the ex-SAIS of Tabacal, Cachachi district, Cajabamba province, a self-defense committee was formed in response to the pressure and violence exerted by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This process is framed in the context of the counter-subversive strategy that promoted the formation of Self-Defense Committees to complement military and …
On January 15, 1993, the Peruvian government issued Supreme Decree Nº 002-93-DE/CCFFAA, mandating that Rondas Campesinas adjust their organization and functions to align with Self-Defense Committees. This transformation was part of a broader strategy to enhance local defense capabilities against subversive threats. The Self-Defense Committees were to be supported and …
In April 1993, the remnants of the last MRTA column in the Alto Urubamba area, in the Selva Colorado sector, in the department of Madre de Dios, fell. This operation was part of the police and military counter-offensive that had begun between December 1991 and January 1992, which succeeded in …
Segundo Lozada, leader of the peasant patrols, is arrested without a warrant at his home in Montegrande, Jaen. Lozada was defending the autonomy of his organization against the government's imposition to create the so-called Self-Defense Committees in the area.
On June 10, 1993, the peasant patrols of Rodiobamba, in the district of Cachachi, Cajabamba province, received weapons in the city of Cajamarca from the Peruvian Army. This event was part of the counter-subversive strategy implemented since 1992, when the Peruvian Army encouraged the creation of Self-Defense Committees promoted and …
Members of the PCP-SL murdered 65 inhabitants of the Tsiriari valley in Mazamari, Junín, in retaliation for the formation of Self-Defense Committees. Although it was known as an Asháninka massacre, of the total number of victims, 21 were Nomatsiguenga natives and the rest were settlers. This is one of the …
On October 20, 1993, the military command delivered shotguns and ammunition to nine self-defense committees in the province of Paucartambo. This event occurred in the context of the end of the cycle of violence in Cuzco, just days after General Petronio Fernandez Davila declared that there were practically no more …
Shotguns and ammunition were delivered to nine Self-Defense Committees in the province of Paucartambo. This delivery of weapons is evidence of the State's strategy of arming the civilian population to confront subversive groups.
In June 1994, Manuel Barrientos García, mayor of the Sacsamarca district, was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The perpetrators dressed as military personnel to commit the crime. This assassination occurred almost as an isolated episode, being one of the last events of violence in the area, two years after the …
In September 1994, La Libertad had 32 anti-subversive bases installed as part of the Peruvian State's counter-subversive strategy. These military bases were established to combat the presence of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the region, especially in provinces such as Santiago de Chuco and Sánchez Carrión. The bases were part of …
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