The San Pedro massacre occurred in 1963 in the context of land disputes between communities and haciendas in the province of Chincheros (then part of Andahuaylas). The villagers of Callapayoc, in Ongoy, mobilized in dispute over the San Pedro hacienda. This peasant mobilization caused the death of at least 17 …
The 1965 guerrilla movement was an insurgent movement that had a significant impact on the communities in the Oreja de Perro area. After these events, the communities of Mollebamba, Santa Carmen, Oronqoy, among others, created communal schools in 1967. In 1973, Abimael Guzman gave a talk at the Ongoy high …
In 1965, there were peasant mobilizations in several districts of Andahuaylas province in response to ELN (National Liberation Army) actions in Chungui, La Mar province. The ELN's actions impacted Andahuaylas province, generating more peasant mobilizations against the hacienda regime in the districts of Chicmo, Pampachiri, Pacucha, Ocobamba and Ongoy. The …
In 1965, actions of the National Liberation Army (ELN) were registered in Chungui, province of La Mar. These actions also had an impact in the province of Andahuaylas, with more peasant mobilizations against the hacienda regime in various districts such as Chicmo, Pampachiri, Pacucha, Ocobamba and Ongoy. The ELN's guerrilla …
In 1973, the high school of Ongoy, located in the province of Andahuaylas, experienced a process of politicization. Abimael Guzman, leader of the Shining Path, visited the school and gave a talk to the students. In his presentation, Guzman addressed issues such as poverty in Peru, Agrarian Reform and made …
In 1973, the high school of Ongoy, located in the province of Andahuaylas, experienced a process of politicization. Abimael Guzman, leader of the Shining Path, visited the school and gave a talk to the students. In his presentation, Guzman addressed topics such as poverty in Peru, Agrarian Reform and made …
The Andahuaylas Provincial Federation of Peasants (FEPCA) was formed in 1973 as a result of organizational work in the area. This agrarian organization acquired great notoriety the year after its creation, with the largest peasant mobilization of the decade. Its basic proposal was the total elimination of the hacienda system …
On May 1, 1973, more than 2,000 peasants took to the streets of Andahuaylas demanding the full application of the agrarian reform. This massive mobilization was motivated by the slow and prolonged process of land allocation and adjudication established by Law No. 17716, which exacerbated the peasant population. The protest …
In 1974, the Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA) led a significant movement to seize lands from traditional haciendas in Andahuaylas and Chincheros, Peru. This movement was orchestrated by leaders such as Julio César Mezzich, Lino Quintanilla, and Félix Loayza, and resulted in the simultaneous takeover of 68 out …
The land seizure in Chincheros and Andahuaylas in 1974 was a significant event that indirectly affected the area known as 'Oreja de perro' in the province of La Mar. The most important precedent for this event was the death of 20 peasants in Ongoy in the 1960s. The land seizure …
In 1974, the Andahuaylas Provincial Federation of Peasants (FEPCA), led by Julio César Mezzich, Lino Quintanilla and Félix Loayza, organized the largest peasant mobilization of the decade with the objective of totally eliminating the hacienda system and adjudicating land to peasant families. Of the 118 haciendas in Andahuaylas and Chincheros, …
Between July and September 1974, massive land seizures took place in the province of Andahuaylas, where agrarian reform had not advanced significantly. The mobilization was led by leaders Lino Quintanilla and Julio César Mezzich, under the leadership of the Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP). The seizures resulted in thousands of …
In 1975, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began its activities in the provinces of Andahuaylas and Chincheros. The group capitalized on the existing discontent among the peasantry, following the repression of campesino mobilizations and the imprisonment of key leaders. The PCP-SL focused on educational institutions to …
In 1977, after the 1974 land seizures in the provinces of Andahuaylas and Chincheros, the land was finally in the hands of those who participated in the peasant movement. Of the 118 haciendas in Andahuaylas and Chincheros, 68 were taken simultaneously in 1974. This process was almost similar to what …
In 1978, at the initiative of a young man from the community who had studied in Andahuaylas, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy. As in other schools in the area, such as Túpac Amaru II in Chungui, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers from the beginning. …
In 1978, the community of Chungui in Peru established the secondary school Túpac Amaru II, which was staffed by professors from UNSCH and included some university students affiliated with the PCP-SL. Similarly, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy by a local youth who had studied in Andahuaylas. These …
In 1981, the Peruvian Communist Party - Shining Path (PCP-SL) launched its first armed attack on the police station in Ocobamba, marking the beginning of its armed conflict against police targets in Andahuaylas. This event was part of a broader campaign by the PCP-SL to gain control over rural areas, …
In 1982, in the province of Andahuaylas, members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out a 'popular trial' as part of an armed raid. During this event, the Shining Path members apprehended the lieutenant governor, stripped him naked, knelt him down, and beat him repeatedly with the flat of a machete. …
In February 1982, three communal authorities were detained and subsequently killed by the Guardia Civil in Andarapa, a district in the province of Andahuaylas. This event was part of a series of violent incidents during a period of internal conflict in Peru, involving state forces and insurgent groups.
In February 1982, in the town of Andarapa, three community authorities were detained by members of the Civil Guard. Later, these authorities were assassinated by the same police. This occurred in the context of an intensification of police repression in the province of Andahuaylas, which resulted in the detention of …
The gamonal surnamed Echegaray was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the area of Pincos by means of a 'popular trial'. This event occurred shortly after the assassination of Civil Guard Captain Luis Rodriguez Hernandez in Talavera on March 3, 1982. The assassination was part of a series of violent …
Civil Guard Captain Luis Rodriguez Hernandez was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in Talavera on March 3, 1982. This assassination was catalogued by the PCP-SL as an 'ajusticiamiento' under the accusation of being a 'torturer'. The event was part of a series of violent actions that the PCP-SL carried out …
On April 1, 1982, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out an assault on the Civil Guard post of Pacucha, in the province of Andahuaylas. This attack was part of a series of initial armed actions by the PCP-SL in the area, which included assaults on police posts, takeovers of villages and …
On April 4, 1982, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso took the town of Andarapa as part of its main initial armed actions in the province of Andahuaylas. This action took place three days after the assault on the Civil Guard post of Pacucha (April 1, 1982). The seizure of Andarapa was preceded …
On May 26, 1982, a group of approximately 200 hikers led by "René" and possibly coming from Vilcashuaman, entered Chalcos. Under the charge of snitching, they murdered a teacher and her boyfriend, a CORFA-Ayacucho engineer. This event occurred in the Districts of Chilcayoc, Chalcos and Belen, adjacent to Andahuaylas and …
Edith Lagos, a young member of the Shining Path, was shot dead in an encounter with the police on August 2, 1982, near Andahuaylas, Peru. Her death and subsequent funeral in Ayacucho were highly publicized, with media coverage focusing on the dramatic aspects of her life and death. The portrayal …
On August 6, 1982, the province of Andahuaylas in Apurímac, Peru, was declared an emergency zone due to the increasing activities of the PCP-PCP-SL. This declaration was part of the broader internal armed conflict in the region, which was concentrated in areas bordering Ayacucho. The PCP-PCP-SL's actions in Andahuaylas were …
The province of Andahuaylas was declared an emergency zone on August 6, 1982 due to the increase in the actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the region. This province, which borders the department of Ayacucho, was part of the main Regional Committee of the PCP-SL, made up of the departments …
In September 1982, a massive funeral was held for Edith Lagos in the city of Huamanga. Lagos, who had escaped during an assault on the Huamanga prison in March, was killed in a confrontation with the police in Andahuaylas. The event drew a large crowd of Huamanga residents, who participated …
Edith Lagos, a young Shining Path militant, was shot on September 2, 1982 in an accidental encounter with the police near Andahuaylas. Her death and subsequent funeral in Ayacucho were widely covered by the media, which transmitted images of her coffin and bloody clothes. The media unwittingly contributed to create …
On 3 September 1982, Edith Lagos, a prominent young militant of the PCP-SL, was killed in a confrontation with GR forces in Umaca, Andahuaylas. Her death sparked a massive public response in Ayacucho, where approximately thirty thousand people participated in a procession for her funeral. Despite the presence of a …
In November 1982, the Peruvian government extended the state of emergency in the departments of Ayacucho and Apurímac due to the wave of violence unleashed by the Shining Path. This measure had been initially implemented in March 1982 when guarantees were suspended in the province of Andahuaylas. The extension of …
On December 30, 1982, the province of Chincheros was created, dividing the former province of Andahuaylas in the department of Apurimac. This creation took place in a context of intensification of the internal armed conflict in the area, since the province of Andahuaylas had been declared an emergency zone on …
Around 2,000 Army troops went into action in the emergency zone. The government ordered the intervention of the Armed Forces in the anti-subversive struggle under the command of General Clemente Noel Moral. The national security subzone E was reorganized, covering 5 provinces of Ayacucho and all of Huancavelica, extending the …
In the district of Andarapa, the police started the first organizations of Rondas Campesinas to confront the growing increase in terrorism. This process began early in 1983, motivating peasant communities to form their self-defense committees. The formation of these patrols was a response to the intensification of confrontations between the …
In mid-January 1983, after the massacre of 40 community members in the Pallqas temple at the hands of subversives, a mixed base composed of Sinchis, police and Republican Guard was set up in the community of Pallqas. In response to the Shining Path violence and after the capture of several …
In March 1983, a Civil Guard post was installed in Illahuasi, as part of the State's strategy to intensify its presence in the rural area of Andahuaylas in the face of the advance of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This installation was part of a broader process of establishing new police posts …
On March 3, 1983, nine people from the community of Cocairo were detained by combined forces of the Civil Guard, Republican Guard and soldiers from the Los Chancas barracks in Andahuaylas. At the Los Chancas barracks, the detainees were beaten and mistreated in various ways. They remained in the barracks …
On March 3, 1983, nine individuals from the Community of Cocairo were detained by combined forces of the Guardia Civil, Guardia Republicana, and soldiers from the 'Los Chancas' barracks in Andahuaylas. The detainees were subjected to beatings and various forms of mistreatment at the barracks for 12 days, deprived of …
In June 1983, there was a change in police forces in the district of Andarapa, province of Andahuaylas. The Republican Guard that had been operating in the area was replaced by members of the Civil Guard. This change in law enforcement occurred in the context of the intensification of the …
On December 9, 1983, a group of hikers arrived in the community of Santa Carmen pretending to be police officers. Once there, they tortured and killed 7 local community members and a businessman from Talavera, Andahuaylas. This event occurred in the context of the expansion of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in …
In 1984, reports emerged of extrajudicial killings in the province of Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru. The military was implicated in the murder of Godofredo, whose body was found mutilated and abandoned near the Ayacucho-Andahuaylas road. The incident highlights the brutal tactics used during the internal conflict in Peru, where civilians were …
In 1984, Chincheros, which was a district of Andahuaylas, became a province incorporating the districts of Huaccana, Ongoy, Ocobamba, Chincheros, Cocharcas, Uranmarca and Anco Huallo. This new province was established in a context of intense peasant mobilization and internal armed conflict. During the 1970s, Andahuaylas was a major focus of …
The PCP-SL (Shining Path) initiated its influence in the Chungui district through educational institutions in the 1970s. By 1984, the group had escalated its activities, forming Popular Committees and expanding its presence from Andahuaylas to Oreja de Perro and eventually to Ayacucho. The local population recalls the infiltration and subsequent …
In April 1984, near Huallhua in the Chakiqmayo ravine, a group of displaced people from Tastabamba, Huallhua and Oronqoy were brutally murdered. Those responsible for this massacre were the Andahuaylas security forces and the Mollebamba ronderos. The victims were displaced civilians seeking refuge in the area during the internal armed …
On May 15, 1984, a column of PCP-Sendero Luminoso militants assaulted the town of Pilcas in the province of Andahuaylas. During this attack, the Shining Path killed 35 peasants. This event occurred in a period when the PCP-SL controlled a good part of the rural space of Andahuaylas and was …
On May 15, 1984, militants of the PCP-SL (Shining Path) attacked the town of Pilcas, located in the province of Andahuaylas, department of Apurimac. During this attack, the subversives killed 35 peasants. This event took place in the context of the Second Military Campaign of the PCP-SL, which took place …
In 1985, a massacre occurred in the region of Andahuaylas, Peru, where members of the army and local ronderos were involved in the killing of several individuals. Victims were buried in mass graves, and some were burned alive in Vacachacra. The event was confirmed by José Rosendo Aspur Oscco, who …
In 1986, an informant reported that in Sillapata, near the Pampas River, 60 women were brutally murdered by being lined up in columns. Additionally, 120 women hiding in the puna were thrown into the void from Sonqo María. In Oronqoy, 120 people, including men, women, and children, were locked in …
As a result of extrajudicial killings, rapacious actions and acts of pillage committed by members of the army, villagers from Santa Carmen approached the Andahuaylas barracks in 1986 to denounce these abuses. Testimonies indicate that in the raids carried out by the Peruvian Army and the Mollebamba civil defense, every …
Between February and April 1986, the first massacres of peasants took place in the towns of Toraya, Lucre and Colcabamba, located in the province of Aymaraes, department of Apurimac. These massacres marked the beginning of the internal armed conflict in the highland provinces of Apurimac. The process of internal armed …
On July 11, 1986, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out its first attack on a police post in the province of Aymaraes, Apurimac. This attack occurred in Chucapuente, a few days after the first confrontation between the PCP-SL and the army in Soccos on July 7 of the same year. This …
The province of Cotabambas was declared an emergency zone for 30 days. It was the first province in the southern Andean region, besides Andahuaylas, to be declared in emergency, demonstrating the seriousness of the situation of violence in the area.
Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano was appointed head of the Chapi military base between October and December 1987, marking a significant change in the army's attitude toward the civilian population. Unlike his predecessors, Major Ayacuchano prohibited the beatings of detainees, torture and extrajudicial executions that had characterized previous military operations in …
At the end of 1987, a military base was established in Chapi under the command of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, who was designated as head of the base between October and December 1987. This Major changed the attitude of the army, not allowing detainees to be beaten and gathering people …
On December 25, 1987, under the command of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano, Chapi was repopulated and renamed Belén de Chapi in commemoration of the Christmas holiday. Major Ayacuchano, who was appointed as head of the Chapi base between October and December 1987, changed the army's attitude towards the civilian population, …
In 1988, the Chapi Military Base that had been established at the end of 1987 under the command of Major Miguel Seminario Ayacuchano was deactivated. This base had allowed the return of approximately 150 people who had repopulated the place, renamed Belén de Chapi during Christmas 1987. The deactivation of …
On January 10, 1988, an armed confrontation took place in Qachiqasa, in the district of Chungui. This confrontation left 21 people dead. The event occurred in the context of military operations and confrontations between law enforcement and the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the area. This event occurred shortly after the Chapi …
In December 1988, the Soras military base, which had been installed in September 1984 at the request of the villagers and neighboring communities harassed by PCP-SL detachments, was withdrawn. After the withdrawal of the military base, a group of Sinchis from the Pomacocha base in Andahuaylas took advantage of the …
In 1992, a return program was implemented in the communities of Yerbabuena, Putucunay, Belén de Chapi, Oronqoy, Santa Carmen, Chillihua and Tastabamba. This program was developed after the Chapi Base was deactivated in 1988 and people returned to Andahuaylas. The program sought to facilitate the return of displaced people to …
Armed confrontation between soldiers of the Peruvian Army and Shining Path supporters in Raucana, district of Ate Vitarte. Raucana represented the largest organizational experiment of the PCP-SL in Lima, constituted as an 'Open Popular Committee' in the heart of Ate Vitarte. The inhabitants came mainly from El Agustino and Andahuaylas, …
The state of emergency was extended for 60 days in the provinces of Chincheros, Andahuaylas, Abancay and Aymaraes. This extension is evidence of the persistence of the violent situation in the department of Apurimac.
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