The rebellion of 1934 in Ayacucho and Huancavelica was part of a larger national insurrection attempt by the APRA party. Led by Arístides Guillén Valdivia, local rebels managed to take control of key government buildings in Huamanga, believing in a nationwide uprising. However, upon realizing they were abandoned by their …
In 1962 the FER supports the election of Efraín Morote Best as rector of the UNSCH. From that moment on, the hegemony of the Marxist currents over the APRA and the Social Christians imposed itself with greater clarity. The hegemony of the FER can be understood in terms of its …
When Belaunde assumed the presidency of the republic in 1963, he promised to carry out a broad and resolute agrarian reform. However, the APRA-UNO opposition systematically put the brakes on this reform, achieving, by means of a statute of exception, that Law No. 15037 of May 19, 1964 did not …
Law No. 15037 of May 19, 1964 was enacted during the government of Fernando Belaunde Terry as part of his commitment to carry out a broad agrarian reform. However, the APRA-UNO opposition systematically put the brakes on this reform by achieving, through a statute of exception, that the law did …
In 1967, the APRA, allied with the oligarchic sectors and the Huamanga clergy, decided to create the Catholic University of Ayacucho, which would later take the name of Universidad Particular de Ayacucho Victor Andres Belaunde (UPA). With the support of Luis Alberto Sanchez, rector of San Marcos, the UPA received …
The Constituent Assembly elections of June 4, 1978 were won by the APRA. In these elections, Hugo Blanco obtained a little more than half a million votes, becoming one of the most voted candidates thanks to the support of the peasantry of Cuzco. In Puno, Róger Cáceres, representative of the …
In 1979, the Sindicato Único de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú (SUTEP) of Cajamarca mobilized all its regional members to participate in a national strike. This mobilization was part of the large national strikes developed by SUTEP in 1978 and 1979, which even mobilized parents. These actions contributed significantly …
Interior Minister Jose Maria de la Jara presented to the Council of Ministers the anti-terrorist decree-law 046 in February 1981, which was the first effort of the government to respond legally to the PCP-SL attacks and in which the crime of terrorism was typified. This decree was challenged by leftist …
In the framework of the fifth anniversary of the 'Armed Struggle' (May 18, 1980), elements of the PCP-SL multiplied attacks in Lima and in the northern part of the country on May 16, 1984. This date commemorated the beginning of the internal war that the PCP-SL had initiated in 1980. …
The PCP-SL assassinated the mayor of Pumahuasi, an APRA militant. This assassination continued the pattern of elimination of municipal authorities in the Huallaga area during 1984.
In 1985, the political landscape of Huaycán, Peru, was marked by tensions between the socialist urban project led by Alfonso Barrantes and the local population's desire for self-governance. The APRA party, having won the general elections, viewed Huaycán as a 'red' settlement due to its association with the IU, leading …
Luis Alberto Aguilar Cajahuamán was a professor, APRA militant and professor at the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University. He had been elected Deputy in the elections of April 14, 1985. In May 1985 he was assassinated by a detachment of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. His assassination precipitated the decision of the …
In May 1985, shortly after the electoral victory of the APRA party, Luis Aguilar Cajahuamán, an elected deputy and serving mayor from Pasco, was assassinated. His death marked the beginning of a campaign by the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) targeting APRA deputies, governors, mayors, and councilors across Peru. This series …
On May 10, 1985, the Belaunde government declared a state of emergency in the province of Pasco. This decision was precipitated by the assassination of Professor Luis Alberto Aguilar Cajahuamán, APRA militant and professor at the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, who had been elected Deputy in the April 14, …
The first ordinary congress of Huaycán was held, considered the most important in its history, with the attendance of between 600 and 700 delegates. The leftist leaders decided that the Board of Directors would be elected by universal voting and not by delegates. Surprisingly, the first board of directors of …
On August 16, 1985, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) held a clandestine press conference in Lima. During this conference, the MRTA stated that "it will not carry out military actions against the APRA, as long as the latter does not attack the people". This statement was made in the …
Michel Azcueta, a militant of Izquierda Unida (IU), was reelected mayor of Villa El Salvador in 1986, after being elected for the first time in 1983. Azcueta had led the campaign to establish VES as an independent district in 1983. His reelection took place in a context of political competition …
During the IV Plenum of the Central Committee of the PCP-SL in 1986, Abimael Guzmán sought to consolidate power by pushing dissonant voices into a corner, labeling their objections as 'antagonistic contradictions' that threatened the party's survival. The session highlighted a clear division between the Central Directorate members and other …
In 1986, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) expanded its operations across the Peruvian highlands, challenging the newly elected government of Alan García. Despite initial hopes for a change in counter-subversive policies, the PCP-SL, led by Abimael Guzmán, sought to delegitimize the APRA government by inciting violent …
On 25 July 1986, Andrés Tapia, an aprista leader in Huaycán, was assassinated outside the Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre communal dining hall. The murder was attributed to the PCP-SL, amid a series of attacks on aprista members following the violent events of 18 and 19 June, where 244 …
Municipal elections were held in Puno. The PAP obtained 53% of the departmental vote, the highest vote obtained by the APRA in Puno in its entire electoral history. The party absorbed the AP and FNTC votes, obtaining a majority in 7 of the 10 highland provinces and massive control of …
Between January and June 1987, the Departmental Federation of Peasants of Puno decided to 'recuperate land' in all the provinces of the department, in response to the slowness of APRA officials in implementing the restructuring of associative enterprises. On May 19, 1987, 172 peasant communities recovered more than 360,000 hectares …
In 1987, subversives of the PCP-SL attacked the PAIT (Temporary Income Support Program) in San Martin de Porres. This attack was part of a broader PCP-SL strategy against the programs of Alan Garcia's APRA government. During the APRA government, subversive actions were directed against APRA offices, PAIT workers and APRA …
The APRA government created the National Investment Council as part of its strategy to broaden business sympathies and restrict the representativeness of the unions. This body included representatives of the government and of the twelve apostles (a privileged business group), as well as representatives of the CONFIEP and delegates from …
Assassination of Rodrigo Franco, leader of the government party, perpetrated by Sendero Luminoso seeking to obstruct the consolidation of the bureaucratic model of Aprista fascism. This was the first of the attacks directed against leaders of the governing party in Lima.
In the 1987 municipal elections, the United Left (IU) won in the province of Huamanga, while the APRA won in the provinces of Huanta and La Mar. These elections took place in a context of relative calm in Ayacucho, between 1986 and 1988, due to several factors: the decision of …
The residents of Huaycán carried out a massive mobilization to the Plaza San Martín in Lima to demand that the authorities fulfill the community's demands. The mobilization had a double message: reject the PCP-SL and the APRA veto. During the march, the PCP-SL attempted acts of violence and the leaders …
Cesar Lopez Silva, national leader of APRA, was assassinated by militants of the Shining Path PCP when he was on his way home. The perpetrators, identified as 'Clara', 'Marcio' (Damian Huallpa Mollehuanca), 'Andres' (Carlos Hidalgo Marchan) and 'Rodolfo', intercepted him and shot him three times in the head. The attack …
On May 19, 1987, 172 peasant communities recovered more than 360,000 hectares in all provinces of the department of Puno. This action was organized by the Departmental Federation of Peasants of Puno between January and June 1987, in response to the slowness of APRA officials in implementing the restructuring of …
On May 19, 1987, the first national strike of this period took place, called by the CGTP (General Confederation of Peruvian Workers), marking the end of the social truce that had characterized the first years of the APRA government. The outstanding feature of this strike was that it coincided with …
The National Federation of Mining, Metallurgical and Iron and Steel Workers of Peru (FNTMMSP) held its First Unitary Congress in August 1987, as part of a process of centralization and unification of the mining union movement. This congress was an important milestone that allowed the federation to subsequently present, on …
The PCP-SL assassinated the APRA prefect Víctor Urviola in Abancay, Apurímac. This selective assassination against a political authority is evidence of the PCP-SL's strategy of eliminating representatives of the State and political parties.
On August 29, 1987, a subversive commando assassinated Rodrigo Franco Montes, an APRA militant who was president of ENCI (Empresa Nacional de Comercialización de Insumos). Franco Montes had been appointed to assume the presidency of the Central Reserve Bank (BCR). The assassination occurred in a context of intensifying political violence …
On October 2, 1987, Alberto Vera La Rosa, an APRA militant, was sworn in as Minister of Industry, Tourism, Commerce and Integration in the government of President Alan Garcia Perez. This appointment followed the resignation of Manuel Romero Caro as Minister of Industry and Tourism in September of the same …
Samuel Colca, an APRA leader of the young town of Micaela Bastidas, was assassinated in November 1987 by subversives of the PCP-SL. This assassination was part of the Shining Path strategy of attacking APRA leaders of neighborhood organizations during Alan Garcia's government. The attack was part of a broader campaign …
In December 1987, a Civic Day for Peace and Life was called, with the participation of a wide variety of institutions, authorities and political parties. This day was held in the context of the increase of political violence in Lima and the country, seeking to create a common front against …
In 1988, the municipality of Lima, under the administration of Mayor Jorge del Castillo (APRA), called for a Day for Peace. This initiative took place within the framework of the solemn session held at the Lima Provincial Council. During the event, the mayor proposed to institute 1988 as the Year …
At the beginning of July 1988, President Alan García gave a controversial speech in Ayacucho during the VII Congress of the Aprista Youth. He highlighted the mystique of the Shining Path and proposed it as an example for the youth of his party. Although there was no pro-Senderista sympathy, some …
In a message to the nation, Prime Minister Armando Villanueva del Campo announced increases in a series of food products and readjustments in salaries and wages. This announcement was made in a context of economic crisis and adjustment measures implemented by Alan Garcia's government. Increases in basic products and salary …
On July 28, 1988, Manuel Febres Flores, a lawyer and president of the Association of Democratic Lawyers, was assassinated in Lima. The crime was claimed by a group called 'Comando Rodrigo Franco', which was later associated with the APRA party and the Ministry of the Interior. An investigative commission was …
On November 11, 1988, César Valentín Palomino, provincial mayor of Huancayo, was assassinated. This crime took place in a context of intensifying political violence in the department of Junin, where both the PCP-Sendero Luminoso and the MRTA were active. The assassination of democratically elected authorities was a recurrent tactic of …
Elías Corcuera was a union leader of the United Left (IU) assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in San Martín de Porres during 1989. His assassination took place in the context of a Shining Path strategy of shifting from sabotage to selective assassinations, moving from infiltration of union and neighborhood organizations …
Saul Cantoral, president of the Mining Federation, was assassinated in San Juan de Lurigancho by the Rodrigo Franco Command, a paramilitary group. El Diario denounced this assassination as a sign of the genocide of the APRA government, although alluding mainly to the 1986 prison massacre. The miners' unions, in response …
In 1989, in the city of Huamachuco, Shining Path detachments of the PCP-SL successively assassinated two of the city's mayors. First, Mayor Ricardo Woolcott Morales, an APRA militant, was assassinated, followed by his replacement, Víctor Espinoza Luna. These assassinations were part of the PCP-SL strategy of eliminating local authorities to …
In 1989, the internal conflict in Puno, Peru, intensified with the actions of the Shining Path (PCP-SL), which resulted in 88 victims, including police and local authorities. The conflict was concentrated in a 'guerrilla triangle' covering areas from San Juan del Oro to Crucero. The political landscape was further complicated …
On January 23, 1989, the Aprista provincial mayor of Satipo, Fidel Juarez Torres, was assassinated. This crime took place in a context of intensifying political violence in the department of Junín during 1989. The assassination was part of a systematic campaign against elected authorities, with 1989 being the year with …
On March 17, 1989, the PCP-SL carried out a second attack on the town of Uchiza, resulting in a massacre of policemen that was humiliating for the police institution. During the attack, the police made multiple requests for help that went unheeded, and no reinforcements were sent in time, creating …
Alberto Valencia, the APRA deputy for Ayacucho, announced a new movement of peasant patrols that are organizing themselves spontaneously to free themselves from the PCP-SL. The leader of these ronderos, called Comandante Huayhuaco, specifies that "if the government would only give me a hundred rifles, a hundred FAL, until November …
The Ministry of the Interior issued a communiqué informing about the capture of Benedicto Peña, mayor of the district of Lagunas, Yurimaguas. Peña was arrested in the company of other apristas while they were handing out leaflets of the Comando Rodrigo Franco. The Comando Rodrigo Franco was a paramilitary group …
On October 10, 1989, Felipe Vergara Avila, provincial mayor of Cajatambo in the department of Lima, was assassinated. This crime took place in the context of a municipal election campaign marred by the assassinations of mayors and mayoral candidates in different parts of the country. The assassination was part of …
In the early months of 1990, during the government of the APRA party, the Special Intelligence Group (GEIN) was created to focus on monitoring the leadership of subversive groups in Peru. Despite initial setbacks, such as narrowly missing the capture of Abimael Guzmán in June of that year, the GEIN's …
In 1990, Alberto Fujimori was elected President of Peru with the support of the left and the APRA. Following his election, Fujimori appointed several members from the leftist IU party to ministerial positions, which led to internal conflicts within the IU. These events highlighted the crisis and fragmentation within the …
In 1990, Alberto Fujimori presented his government plan focused on stabilizing the economy by reducing hyperinflation and encouraging both national and foreign investment. During this period, Fujimori faced a 'dirty war' from various media outlets, which labeled him as pro-Senderista, pro-Aprista, and an evangelist. The political climate was further charged …
In 1990, the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) decided to unilaterally suspend military actions against the Peruvian government and the APRA party. This move was intended to demonstrate flexibility and a willingness to engage in dialogue to avoid further bloodshed. Despite their efforts, the government's response was negative, and the …
A complaint was filed regarding illicit negotiations that were allegedly taking place at the Ministry of Economy. The accusation pointed out that a total disorder had been generated in the granting of foreign currency. This accusation pointed to irregularities in the economic management of the APRA government during the last …
On March 22, 1990, the APRA congressman for Junin, Jose Dhaga Del Castillo, was assassinated. This crime occurred in a context of intensification of terrorist actions during the electoral process of that year. The assassination was part of the Second Campaign of the V Great Plan of the PCP-SL that …
On April 8, 1990, general elections were held. IU reached 8% and Izquierda Socialista obtained 5% of the vote. FREDEMO came in first place with 33% of the vote followed by Cambio 90 with 29%, while APRA came in third place with 22% of the vote. Mario Vargas Llosa (FREDEMO) …
In the second electoral round, the left (IU and IS) asked its militancy to vote in favor of the candidate Alberto Fujimori. With the support of the left and the APRA, Alberto Fujimori was elected president. Shortly after, Fujimori appointed Gloria Helfer (IU), Fernando Sanchez Albavera (IS) and Carlos Amat …
In November 1990, the Peruvian Congress, with the support of officialist and APRA deputies, blocked a constitutional accusation against former President Alan García. The accusation was related to his alleged responsibility in the 1986 prison massacres. This event highlighted the political maneuvering and alliances formed by President Fujimori to prevent …
Following the autogolpe (self-coup) by President Alberto Fujimori on April 5, 1992, Agustín Mantilla was removed from his home and accused of illegal possession of weapons. Despite the charges, Mantilla was noted for his courage in submitting to justice and was held in the Police Hospital for fifteen months. The …
Congressmen Alejandro Santa María, Jorge Del Castillo and Edgard Núñez proposed that Congress appoint an investigative commission on the alleged illegal activities of the Intelligence Services linked to the so-called 'Narval' and 'Bermuda' plans with the purpose of terrorizing national journalism. The motion was rejected by 57 votes against and …
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