In 1969, following internal disputes within the Communist Party of Peru - Bandera Roja, Abimael Guzmán and his faction broke away to form a new political organization known as PCP Sendero Luminoso. This organization was named after the slogan used by the Revolutionary Student Front (FER) at the National University …
In 1972, the PCP Sendero Luminoso began to gain influence in Peruvian universities, particularly among impoverished and marginalized students. They capitalized on the precarious institutional environment and economic crisis to promote their ideology. By focusing on the needs of students from rural and immigrant backgrounds, they established a strong presence …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huancavelica registered 1,166 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 748 victims, State Agents for 317, CADS for 16, MRTA for 1, and 84 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others.
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Junín registered 984 Quechua-speaking and 807 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 666 victims, the State Agents for 128, the CADS for 60, the MRTA for 50, and 80 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Huánuco registered 905 Quechua-speaking and 1,123 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 559 victims, State agents for 257, and 89 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, Shining Path …
During the period 1980-2000, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) recorded a total of 11,376 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 6,788 victims, State Agents for 3,491, the Self-Defense Committees (CADS) for 261, the MRTA for 71, and 765 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators …
In 1980, 11 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. Of these, 6 were attributed to the Shining Path PCP, 2 to State agents, and 3 to undetermined perpetrators or others. This year marked the beginning of the internal armed conflict in Peru.
In 1980, 3 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers were reported. Of these, 1 was attributed to the Shining Path PCP, 1 to State agents, and 1 to undetermined perpetrators or others.
During the period 1980-2000, the CVR recorded a total of 3,593 deaths and disappearances of native Spanish speakers. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,734 victims, State Agents for 1,181, CADS for 49, MRTA for 190, and 439 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. Spanish-speaking victims accounted …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of San Martin registered 84 Quechua-speaking and 620 Spanish-speaking deaths and disappearances. Among the Quechua-speaking victims, the Shining Path PCP was responsible for 43 victims, State agents for 28, the MRTA for 3, and 10 undetermined cases. Among the Spanish-speaking victims, the Shining Path …
The internal armed conflict that Peru experienced between 1980 and 2000 is the most serious in the country's republican history. It left very deep scars on all levels of national life. The extent and intensity of the conflict accentuated the serious national imbalances, destroyed the democratic order, exacerbated poverty and …
During the period 1980-2000, the department of Ayacucho was the most affected by the internal armed conflict. A total of 6,549 Quechua-speaking people were reported killed and disappeared in this department. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 3,752 victims, State agents for 2,316, CADS for 170, MRTA for 3, …
The Shining Path PCP started the internal armed conflict in Peru on May 17, 1980, when electoral amphorae were burned in Chuschi, Ayacucho. This act marked the beginning of two decades of violence that devastated the country. The subversive group sought to destroy the Peruvian state in order to build …
On 18 May 1980, coinciding with the national elections, the PCP Sendero Luminoso officially began its armed struggle by attacking the electoral registry in Chuschi, Cangallo. Prior to this, the group had announced their intentions at the San Cristobal de Huamanga National University, signaling the start of a campaign to …
In 1981, 37 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 27 victims, State agents for 6, and 4 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. The internal armed conflict was still in its early stages.
In mid-1981, some strangers arrived in Uchuraccay and introduced themselves to the villagers as businessmen or looking for work. The strangers visited the school and managed to befriend some families, gaining their support and becoming compadres by lifting newborns off the ground with several villagers. In this way, they managed …
Capture of Edmundo Cox Beuzeville, member of the Shining Path PCP, who allegedly suffered torture at the hands of the police after his capture. The case generated protests from high-level representatives of the Catholic Church. Cox was the nephew of a respected bishop who denounced the facts and was strongly …
In 1982, 316 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 197 victims, State agents for 90, the CADS for 5, and 24 cases were attributed to undetermined or other perpetrators. There was a significant increase in the number of victims compared to previous years.
In 1982, the PCP Shining Path launched attacks on police posts in Tambo, Huancasancos, and Huanta, causing police forces to retreat to nearby capitals. These attacks were part of a broader strategy by Sendero Luminoso to strengthen their guerrilla warfare efforts, as evidenced by a document from their Central Committee. …
Shining Path command assaulted the Huamanga CRAS and rescued its prisoners, managing to escape without an adequate response from the police forces. The assault on the Huamanga prison forced different observers to consider the PCP-SL as a major threat. Hours after the attack, a group of members of the Republican …
In March 1982, the PCP Sendero Luminoso orchestrated an attack on the Huamanga prison, successfully liberating over 200 detainees, including both their militants and common prisoners. This event contributed to the group's image of romantic heroism, while the subsequent retaliatory actions by the Guardia Republicana, which included the cold-blooded killing …
The Shining Path PCP carried out an assault on the CRAS prison (Centro de Readaptación Social) of Huamanga in March 1982, managing to escape prisoners. This was one of the events of greatest impact during the initial period of the internal armed conflict, together with the assaults on police posts …
In May 1982, the PCP Sendero Luminoso established a presence in the village of Uchuraccay under the leadership of a figure known as 'Martín'. The group reportedly received some support from a local teacher and several villagers. By this time, they may have garnered the backing of around fifteen residents.
On May 15, 1982, the Shining Path PCP again attacked the Tambo police post, five months after the first attack on October 11, 1981. On this occasion, they found a town completely unguarded by the police, since the entire police force had been withdrawn to the provincial capital. This attack …
In Uchuraccay, the Shining Path PCP struggled to establish control due to the strong presence of traditional communal authorities. Unlike other communities in the province of Víctor Fajardo, where Sendero Luminoso imposed its power, Uchuraccay maintained its traditional power structures. The lack of a youthful base and the small size …
In late November or early December 1982, the Shining Path PCP assassinated Alejandro Huamán, president of the Uchuraccay community, along with community member Venancio Auccatoma. This assassination was a direct reprisal against Huamán, who had led actions of frontal rejection against the Shining Path presence, including the tearing down and …
In December 1982, the Peruvian government declared a state of emergency in the southern central highlands, transferring control to the military. This decision was made in response to increasing violence and unrest caused by the activities of the PCP Sendero Luminoso, which had been intensifying its attacks on public infrastructure …
On December 29, 1982, through Supreme Decree 068-82-IN, the Peruvian government instructed the Armed Forces to assume internal control in five Ayacucho provinces. This decision marked a turning point in the internal armed conflict, transferring the responsibility of public order control from the National Police to the Armed Forces. The …
In 1983, 1,344 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were recorded. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 663 victims, State Agents for 593, CADS for 17, MRTA for 2, and 69 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This year represents a dramatic escalation in the violence of the conflict.
In 1983, the community of Uchuraccay in Ayacucho, Peru, experienced a tragic event when they killed eight journalists and their guide, fearing reprisals from the PCP Sendero Luminoso. This incident was part of a larger conflict involving the PCP-SL and the Peruvian Armed Forces, which led to a cycle of …
In January 1983, the Marine Infantry took control of the province of Huanta as part of the intervention of the Armed Forces in Ayacucho. This military installation took place during the first weeks of January, after the government instructed the Armed Forces to assume internal control in five Ayacucho provinces …
In 1983, the PCP Sendero Luminoso launched multiple attacks on the community of Uchuraccay in Ayacucho, Peru. These attacks were particularly brutal, coinciding with religious festivals when the community was most vulnerable. The assaults resulted in numerous deaths, with the attackers targeting individuals by name.
In 1983, the region of Huancavelica in Peru experienced intense conflict between the PCP Sendero Luminoso and government forces. The Shining Path employed a strategy of vacating rural areas and targeting authorities, leading to direct confrontations with government forces. In December 1983, near Acobamba, around one hundred suspected subversives were …
In January 1983, the Shining Path PCP perpetrated a massacre of 40 community members in the temple of the town of Pallqas. This was one of the events that triggered the installation of a mixed law enforcement base in the area. As a direct response to this massacre, a base …
On January 27, 1983, one day after the massacre of journalists in Uchuraccay, a helicopter arrived in Huaychao carrying journalists Gustavo Gorriti and Oscar Medrano from Caretas magazine. This event occurred in the context of the war waged by the communities against the Shining Path PCP. That same day, fourteen …
The day after the massacre of the journalists, on January 27, 1983, the war waged by the communities against the Shining Path PCP continued. The communities captured fourteen peasants who were beaten and taken to Uchuraccay for trial. During the trip, Fortunato Gavilan, lieutenant governor of Uchuraccay, threatened to kill …
Main cases of massive human rights violations attributed to the Shining Path PCP during the militarization phase of the conflict. These massacres are emblematic of the violence exercised by the subversive organization against the civilian population.
On May 20, 1983, during the feast of the Holy Spirit (Corpus Christi), the Shining Path PCP carried out its first reprisal attack against Uchuraccay for the participation of its community members in the death of the journalists on January 26. The attackers shouted threats saying that they would finish …
The second Shining Path PCP attack on Uchuraccay occurred at midnight on July 16, 1983, after the conclusion of the feast of the Virgin of Carmen. About fifty members of the PCP-SL entered the town through the upper part of Tikllaqocha, where the house of one of the party's stewards, …
On July 19, 1983, two days after the second Shining Path PCP attack on Uchuraccay occurred at midnight on July 16 during the feast of the Virgen del Carmen, the military finally arrived in the community. The military authorized the burial of the dead from the attack, in which several …
The third Shining Path PCP attack on Uchuraccay occurred on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1983. The villagers remember this attack precisely because of its association with the religious calendar, being the date of Christmas. According to testimonies, the attackers shouted threats of total extermination against the Uchuraccaínos. After the attack, …
On December 24, 1983, the PCP Sendero Luminoso violently entered a village and executed eight individuals, including members of the Figueroa Gavilán and Chávez Soto families. The attack left the community in fear and mourning, as they struggled to bury their dead and cope with the trauma. The incident reflects …
In 1984, the community of Uchuraccay in Huanta, Peru, faced violent incursions as part of a broader conflict involving the PCP Sendero Luminoso and organized Civil Defense Committees. These committees, in coordination with the military, conducted raids in search of PCP SL members, which often resulted in punitive actions against …
In 1984, 2,354 Quechua-speaking deaths and disappearances were reported, the year with the highest number of victims of the conflict. The Shining Path PCP was responsible for 1,222 victims, State Agents for 964, CADS for 73, MRTA for 1, and 94 cases were attributed to undetermined perpetrators or others. This …
In 1984, the communities in the Huanta area organized themselves into Civil Defense Committees and coordinated closely with the military. The patrols of Ccaccas, Ccanis and Patasucro, located in the highlands of the city of Huanta, as well as those of Tambo, Balcón, Acco, Challhuamayo and Ccarhuahurán, conducted scavenging campaigns …
In April 1984, the Carhuahurán rondas raided the community of Uchuraccay, which by then was practically uninhabited after multiple attacks. During this incursion, the ronderos took the church bells, as well as the school's folders and roof. This raid was part of a broader context in which communities organized in …
In July 1984, the province of Daniel Alcides Carrion was declared in a state of emergency and placed under military control. This declaration came after the Shining Path PCP carried out several violent actions in the area, including the assassination of authorities in August 1984 in several towns in the …
Saúl Muñoz Menacho, mayor of Izquierda Unida (IU) of Huancayo, was assassinated on July 16, 1984. This assassination was part of a systematic campaign by the Shining Path PCP against the municipal space and political parties in the central region of the country. The attack against municipal authorities was part …
By August 1984, after multiple attacks by the Shining Path PCP and the armed forces, the villagers of Uchuraccay had no choice but to completely abandon their community. During the previous months, incursions by the PCP-SL, the Self-Defense Committees and the military arrived indiscriminately, burning houses, stealing belongings and livestock, …
In August 1984, in several villages in the district of Yanahuanca, province of Daniel Alcides Carrion in Pasco, local authorities were assassinated by the Shining Path PCP. This event took place in the context of the PCP-SL's strategy of controlling the countryside by assassinating local authorities and landowners. Previously, in …
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1995
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