In 1971, around a thousand families, consisting of migrants and residents from the slum areas of central Lima, occupied state and private lands on the Primero de Mayo hill in Pamplona. The government, led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, relocated these settlers to a large sandy area 26 kilometers south …
Villa El Salvador was founded in 1971 as a response by the reformist military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) to a land invasion organized by recent migrants and residents of Lima's slums and alleys. The district was especially characterized by its organizational level, its capacity for self-management and the …
The overthrow of Velasco in 1975 led to a shift in the military government to the right, resulting in a repressive attitude and austerity measures that provoked massive demonstrations. Villa El Salvador (VES) suffered the withdrawal of state support, which severely affected its community projects and led to the organization …
Between 1981 and 1986, a relatively small number of armed incursions by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso were recorded in Villa El Salvador. These actions were directed against government entities, the district's only police station, banks and electricity towers. The incursions were part of the initial phase of the Shining Path's presence …
On August 1, 1981, multiple simultaneous bombings took place in different parts of Lima. The targets included 4 premises of Acción Popular (AP), 3 of them located in San Martin and Barrios Altos, as well as 3 Peace Courts and the ESAL Office in Villa el Salvador. These attacks were …
In 1983, the National Congress approved the conversion of Villa El Salvador into an independent municipal district. This achievement was the result of a broad movement of residents that emerged in the context of the withdrawal of state support, municipal neglect by Villa María del Triunfo authorities and the crisis …
Michel Azcueta, a militant of Izquierda Unida (IU), was elected mayor of Villa El Salvador in 1983, leading the campaign to establish VES as an independent district that same year. Azcueta won the municipal elections in the context of a broad movement to make VES an independent municipal district, which …
In 1984, the Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) emerged amidst a severe economic crisis and increasing violence from the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The MRTA sought to distinguish itself by promoting its armed struggle and recruiting political and military cadres, some of whom left university to join guerrilla fronts. The organization began …
In January 1984, the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) was founded and the agreements of its First Central Committee were reached. On January 22, the first action claimed by the MRTA took place: opening fire on a police station in Villa El Salvador (VES) after the murder of a resident …
In 1984, tensions between the municipal government and the CUAVES in Villa El Salvador led to significant political shifts. Filadelfo Roa, a leader within the CUAVES, orchestrated the removal of Quispe from his position after a controversial vote on municipal proposals. This event highlighted the deep-seated conflicts and alliances with …
A group of emerretistas attacked the police post in the district of Villa El Salvador pointing out that this action responded to a determined military response to the permanent abuse, systematic aggression and assassinations that the police forces and their hyenas, the Sinchis, commit daily against popular demands. The media …
On January 22, 1984, in Villa El Salvador, Lima, elements of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the Civil Guard post. This attack took place in the context of the intensification of subversive actions in Metropolitan Lima during the first stage of the internal armed conflict (1980-1984). The attack was part of …
In January 1984, the MRTA held its first Central Committee meeting in Lima, analyzing the national political crisis and deciding to launch urban guerrilla actions. On January 22, 1984, the MRTA attacked a police station in Villa El Salvador, marking its emergence as a new subversive group. The group aimed …
On January 22, 1984, the first action claimed by the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took place. This action consisted of opening fire against a police station in Villa El Salvador (VES). The attack was carried out after the murder of a resident in that police station. This event marked …
The MRTA carried out an action similar to the Villa El Salvador attack on the house of Carlos Rodríguez Pastor, Minister of Economy at the time. This action was part of the MRTA's armed propaganda phase.
Michel Azcueta, a militant of Izquierda Unida (IU), was reelected mayor of Villa El Salvador in 1986, after being elected for the first time in 1983. Azcueta had led the campaign to establish VES as an independent district in 1983. His reelection took place in a context of political competition …
Beginning in 1987, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began to establish a more organic presence in Villa El Salvador, after an initial period (1981-1986) of relatively small armed incursions against government entities, the police station, banks and electricity pylons. This new phase represented a strategic shift towards a more structured and permanent …
In November 1987, the Asamblea Nacional Popular (ANP) was organized in Villa El Salvador by leftist groups including the PUM, PCP Unidad, and UDP. The event aimed to design an alternative democratic regime and proposed a national strike, highlighting the radical positions within the left. The ANP exemplified the left's …
In November 1987, the I Congress of the National Popular Assembly (ANP) was held in the district of Villa El Salvador. The radical sectors of the IU, such as the UNIR, the PUM and the FOCEP, the PCP Unity and the UDP participated. Through delegates who were from the MRTA …
In November 1987, the National Popular Assembly (ANP) was organized with special efforts by the PUM, the PCP Unity and the UDP in Villa El Salvador. This event proposed the design, albeit initial, of an alternative democratic regime. In spite of its large mass presence, it ended up proposing the …
Beginning in 1988, hiker agitation and propaganda activities became more visible in Villa El Salvador. Small Shining Path contingents participated in activities and protest marches organized by groups linked to the United Left (IU) in VES. Such activities and mobilizations were aimed at questioning government economic measures or human rights …
In the framework of the announcement of the arrival of the "strategic balance" in 1989, the PCP-SL changed its strategy in Villa El Salvador seeking to dispute the hegemony of the left in the district. Throughout 1989 and 1990, the PCP-SL increased its actions with acts of sabotage and propaganda, …
In 1989, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) altered its strategy in Villa El Salvador, aiming to challenge the left's dominance and discredit peaceful social change. The group sought to create power vacuums and exacerbate existing social conflicts to undermine the local leftist leadership and provoke military …
In the framework of the announcement of the arrival of the "strategic balance" in 1989, the PCP-SL modified its strategy in several areas of the country, including Villa El Salvador (VES), seeking to dispute the hegemony of the left and to unmask the supposed uselessness of its peaceful option for …
In May 1989 municipal elections were held in Villa El Salvador despite attempts by the PCP-SL to sabotage them. The elections were held with the majority support of the population and the guarantees requested from the National Police. Izquierda Unida (IU) easily won the municipal elections in the district. This …
A female declarant was detained in Villa El Salvador on August 21, 1990. The testimony is mentioned in the context of a Women's Public Hearing (Case No. 4, Single Session, September 10, 2002). The detention is part of the documented cases of forced nudity as a general practice in contexts …
The Executive President of Cementos Lima S.A., Víctor De La Torre Romero, was kidnapped around noon on his way to his workplace in San Isidro. A car without license plates blocked the way to his truck and several armed members of the MRTA descended from another truck, brutally beat the …
On 23 September 1990, Gerardo López Quiroz, a deputy and president of the parliamentary team 'Cambio 90', was kidnapped from his home in Villa El Salvador, Lima. The kidnapping was carried out by three members of the MRTA, who posed as messengers from the Secretary General of the Community Autogestionaria …
The congressman and president of the Cambio 90 parliamentary team, Gerardo Lopez Quiroz, was kidnapped at his home in Villa El Salvador by three MRTA members who falsely identified themselves as messengers. He was held at gunpoint with machine guns and forced by blows into a pickup truck. His whereabouts …
Ernesto Rafael Castillo Paez, a sociology student at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, was unexpectedly arrested by police officers wearing red berets at around 11:30 in the morning. The police officers got out of a white patrol car, proceeded to search him and, between shouts and insults, put him …
The case involves the detention of Ernesto Castillo Páez by members of the Peruvian National Police on October 21, 1990, in Villa El Salvador, Lima. Despite evidence of his detention, the judicial process faced significant challenges, including the dismissal of charges against several police officials due to insufficient evidence. The …
In 1991, a sector of the so-called "cuavistas" - many of them MRTA sympathizers - forged a tactical alliance with leaders sympathetic to the PCP-SL to remove the secretary general of CUAVES (Comunidad Urbana Autogestionaria de Villa El Salvador), Roque Quispe. This action demonstrated the growing influence of the PCP-SL …
In 1991, María Elena Moyano, a municipal authority and community leader in Villa El Salvador, Peru, opposed forming an alliance with the police and military to combat the PCP-SL (Shining Path). Despite pressure from both the local government and the military, Moyano publicly denounced the PCP-SL while refusing to collaborate …
At the end of 1991, the mayor of Villa El Salvador, Johny Rodríguez, attempted to create a broad front against the PCP-SL in the district from within the municipality, promoting the formation of the Mesa por la Paz y el Desarrollo (Roundtable for Peace and Development). This initiative was intended …
On January 24, 1991, a column of the PCP-SL hijacked a truck loaded with more than 300 boxes of vegetable oil in Villa El Salvador. Members of the subversive group distributed the contents of the truck among housewives shopping at a local market. This action was part of the agitation …
The affiant was detained for the second time at her home in the district of Villa El Salvador, province and department of Lima, on January 31, 1991. This event is part of a pattern of arbitrary detentions that occurred during the internal armed conflict in Peru. The detention occurred in …
On April 10, 1991, the PCP-SL tried to incite the population of Villa El Salvador to loot a truck distributing soft drinks. This event was part of the agitation and propaganda actions that the PCP-SL carried out in the district between 1989 and 1992. These actions included the interception of …
On June 23, 1991, the PCP-SL assassinated Alejandro Magno Gómez, prefect of the district of Villa El Salvador and member of Cambio 90, the ruling party. This assassination marked the first act of an escalation of violence in the framework of the Shining Path strategy of creating a power vacuum …
On June 23, 1991, the PCP-SL assassinated Alejandro Magno Gomez, prefect of the district of Villa El Salvador and member of Cambio 90, the ruling party. This was the first act of a campaign to intimidate and eliminate local authorities in the district. After this assassination, local authorities, particularly Mayor …
On June 23, 1991, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso assassinated the prefect of the district of Villa El Salvador, Alejandro Magno Gómez. This was the first act of violence recorded in the PCP-SL's more aggressive campaign in Villa El Salvador since 1991, aimed at creating power vacuums by intimidating and eliminating local …
In September 1991, a bomb exploded at a FEPOMUVES storage center in Villa El Salvador, Peru, destroying food supplies meant for community kitchens. The attack was publicly attributed to the Shining Path (PCP-SL) by María Elena Moyano, although the group denied responsibility. The incident highlighted internal conflicts and suspicions of …
In September 1991, a bomb exploded at a FEPOMUVES supply center in Villa El Salvador, Peru, where the organization stored food for community kitchens. María Elena Moyano accused the PCP-SL of the attack, but the group denied involvement, instead accusing her of orchestrating the bombing to cover up resource misuse. …
In September 1991, a bomb exploded and destroyed one of the collection centers of FEPOMUVES (Popular Federation of Women of Villa El Salvador), where the organization stored food for distribution to soup kitchens. This attack was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to dismantle the most important social organizations and destroy …
Ernesto Rafael Castillo Páez, a sociology student at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, was forcibly disappeared by the National Police on October 21, 1991, in Villa El Salvador, Lima. Despite investigations by the national judiciary and the Inter-American Human Rights System, he remains missing. His disappearance occurred during a …
In the early 1990s, grassroots organizations in Lima, particularly those involved in community kitchens, faced intimidation and discrediting campaigns by Sendero Luminoso. These campaigns targeted leaders like María Elena Moyano, who was a prominent figure in the Federation of Women of Villa El Salvador. The actions were part of a …
A powerful bus-bomb was launched against the facade of the Villa El Salvador municipality, destroying part of it, the police station, the Popular Communication Center and dozens of neighboring houses. The attack occurred in the context of the PCP-SL's escalation of violence in the district, after the assassination of María …
In 1992, the Maoist organization Sendero Luminoso intensified its presence in Lima, particularly in areas like Villa El Salvador. They aimed to demonstrate the inefficiency of peaceful social change strategies and to radicalize popular struggles against the state. The organization orchestrated armed strikes, combining various forms of agitation and violence …
In early 1992, Villa El Salvador experienced a series of violent incidents attributed to the Shining Path (PCP-SL), including attacks on police officers and local leaders. On February 9, 1992, Máximo Huarcaya was elected president of APEMIVES, allegedly with PCP-SL support, leading to tensions within the community. María Elena Moyano …
A woman was arrested by personnel from the 28th of July Police Station in 1992. The detention occurred in the district of Villa El Salvador, province and department of Lima. This case is part of a documented pattern of sexual violence against women detained by police forces during the internal …
On January 13, 1992, a worker from the first sector of Villa El Salvador was shot at the door of his home. This attack occurred in the context of a series of assassinations and assassination attempts committed by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso at the beginning of 1992 in the district. On …
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