Complete database of events related to the internal armed conflict in Peru, extracted from the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR). 5,159 events documented from 1817 to 2003.
On January 4, 2003, the Constitutional Court published its ruling declaring the unconstitutionality of various articles of the Decree Laws that made up the anti-terrorist regulatory framework enacted since May 1992. This ruling constituted the breaking point with respect to legislation that did not correspond to or conform to the …
Testimony of a person who was accused of treason and subsequently imprisoned in Lima. The testimony was collected in January 2003 as part of the statements documented by the CVR. The interviewee recounts his experience of arrest, unjust accusation and imprisonment, forming part of a group of testimonies about people …
In 2002, in response to the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on due process violations in Peru, the Constitutional Court declared null and void a large part of the so-called anti-terrorist legislation enacted by the government of former President Alberto Fujimori. As a result, the Peruvian State …
The Constitutional Court issued a ruling on Case No. 1277-99-AC/TC that established the concept of special or reasoned pardon as a form of recognition of a miscarriage of justice. The ruling stated that it is a sui generis type of benefit, applicable exclusively in cases in which an innocent person …
The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued a report on its mission to Peru, evaluating the situation of detentions and anti-terrorist legislation. The report noted that the crime of treason as a crime in law has nothing to do with terrorism, calling it an obvious abuse of language …
Administrative Resolution No. 001-97, issued on December 12, 1997, established the Superior Corporate Criminal Court in charge of trying cases for the crime of terrorism. This resolution was part of the anti-terrorist legal framework implemented during the government of Alberto Fujimori. The creation of this specialized court was part of …
Supreme Decree No. 005-97, promulgated on June 24, 1997, established the Regulations for the regime of life and progressive treatment of inmates for terrorism and treason. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation implemented during Alberto Fujimori's government. The decree regulated the conditions of confinement and the specific penitentiary …
Law No. 26590, enacted on April 18, 1996, added a subsection to Article 13 of Decree Law 25475, which was the main anti-terrorist law in force since 1992. This modification is part of the set of anti-terrorist laws enacted during the government of Alberto Fujimori, which established an exceptional regime …
Law No. 26537, enacted on October 13, 1995, established a new term for faceless tribunals in Peru. This law was framed within the anti-terrorist legislation of Alberto Fujimori's government, which had implemented these special tribunals after the 1992 coup d'état. The faceless courts were a distinctive feature of the Peruvian …
Law No. 26508, enacted on July 21, 1995, criminalized acts of terrorism committed by people who had previously benefited from the repentance laws as treason. This law was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted during the government of Alberto Fujimori, specifically in the post-coup period of 1992. The law was …
Law No. 26447, enacted on April 21, 1995, put an end to faceless courts in Peru. This law was part of the anti-terrorist legislation of Alberto Fujimori's government. The faceless tribunals had been implemented after the coup d'état of April 1992 as part of the scheme for trying crimes of …
Supreme Decree No. 01-95, promulgated on January 6, 1995, prohibited the public presentation of those detained for terrorism. This measure was part of the set of anti-terrorist norms implemented during the government of Alberto Fujimori, specifically during his first presidential term (1990-1995). The decree was part of the emergency legislation …
Law No. 26345 was enacted on August 30, 1994 during the government of Alberto Fujimori. This law established the term of the law of repentance, which was part of the anti-terrorist legal framework implemented after the 1992 coup d'état. The Law of Repentance was a rule of penal law that …
The Supreme Court of Justice modified the sentence imposed on María Magdalena Monteza Benavides for the crime of terrorist collaboration. Originally, on June 18, 1993, the Special Terrorism Chamber of the Superior Court of Lima had sentenced her to twenty years imprisonment. The Supreme Court reduced the sentence to fifteen …
Law No. 26248, enacted on November 25, 1993, modified Decree Law 25659 on treason and Decree Law 25475 on terrorism. This law was part of the set of anti-terrorist regulations enacted during the government of Alberto Fujimori after the 1992 self-coup. The law was part of the emergency legislation that …
Supreme Decree No. 015-93, promulgated on May 8, 1993, established the regulations for the law of repentance in the context of the anti-terrorist legislation of Alberto Fujimori's government. This norm regulated the procedures and conditions under which persons convicted or prosecuted for terrorist crimes could benefit from sentence reduction, exemption …
The National Human Rights Coordinator (CNDDHH) initiated in 1993 the campaign 'In the Name of the Innocents' as a response to the dramatic situation generated for hundreds of innocent people who were unjustly detained and their families. This campaign arose in the context of the new anti-terrorist legislation established as …
From 1993 onwards, the counter-subversive strategy was characterized by a substantial increase in the number of detentions of alleged subversives and a decrease in the number of cases of arbitrary executions and forced disappearances, although the number of cases of violation of the due process of detainees increased notoriously. The …
Decree Law No. 25916, enacted on December 2, 1992, maintained the prohibition of penitentiary and procedural benefits for persons convicted of terrorism. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree eliminated rights such as parole, semi-liberty, probation, redemption of sentences …
Decree Law No. 25880, enacted on November 26, 1992, typified the apology made by teachers with their students as a crime of treason. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was part of the policy of expanding the conducts …
Alberto Fujimori's government enacted anti-terrorist legislation that made it a crime of treason to justify terrorism. This measure was part of a set of anti-terrorist laws implemented during 1992, in the context of the Emergency and National Reconstruction Government established after the April 5 self-coup. The legislation was part of …
Decree Law 25744 established rules applicable during the police investigation of the crime of treason. This norm established an unconstitutional extension of the term of police detention, prescribing that the National Police of Peru could carry out preventive detention of the presumed implicated for a term longer than fifteen days, …
Decree Law No. 25728, enacted on September 18, 1992, empowered the courts to convict in absentia persons accused of terrorist crimes. This law was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was part of a package of emergency laws that substantially modified …
Decree Law No. 25708, enacted on September 10, 1992, established the procedural rules for the crime of treason. This norm was part of the set of anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was part of a legislative scheme that granted broad powers to police …
Supreme Resolution No. 114-92, enacted on August 14, 1992, approved the Regulations for Visits to inmates for the crime of Terrorism. This regulation was part of the set of decree laws issued after the coup d'état of April 1992, which established a restrictive legal framework for persons accused or convicted …
Decree Law No. 25660 was enacted on August 13, 1992, modifying Article 136° of the Code of Criminal Procedure. This norm was part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was framed in a context of expanded police and military powers for the …
Decree Law No. 25659 of August 13, 1992 created the crime of treason, denaturalizing its traditional conception and limiting it to a legal denomination of the aggravated type of the crime of terrorism. The law established that treason is committed by those who use car bombs, explosive devices or weapons …
In August 1992, the Peruvian Executive Branch created the crime of treason through anti-terrorist legislation. This crime punished with life imprisonment the leaders or leaders of subversive groups or those who participated in or collaborated with the carrying out of attacks through the use of explosive or similar materials. This …
Decree Law No. 25564 was enacted on June 20, 1992 as part of the anti-terrorist legislation implemented after the coup d'état of April 1992. This norm modified Article 20° of the Penal Code in force. It was part of a set of decree laws issued during the government of Alberto …
Decree Law No. 25499, enacted on May 16, 1992, established the granting of sentence reduction, exemption and remission benefits for those found guilty of committing the crime of terrorism. This norm is part of the anti-terrorist legislation enacted after the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree represents a manifestation …
On May 12, 1992, the Peruvian government published the Repentance Law. This law was enacted in a context of intensifying political violence in Metropolitan Lima, a few days after the police intervention known as 'Mudanza Uno' in the Shining Path wards of the Canto Grande prison (May 9, 1992), which …
Decree Law No. 25475, promulgated on May 6, 1992, established the typification and penalization of the crime of terrorism, as well as the procedures for investigation, instruction and trial. This norm was part of the new anti-terrorist legislation imposed days after the coup d'état of April 1992, granting broad attributions …
In a message to the nation, President Alberto Fujimori Fujimori ratifies the government's decision to effectively face the fight against terrorism. He states that there will be life imprisonment for subversive leaders and organizers. In addition, he proposes faceless judges to protect the identity of the magistrates who hear these …
Beginning in May 1992, new anti-terrorist legislation was established that established severe penalties and special procedures for the investigation and trial of cases typified as crimes of terrorism and treason. This legislation was accompanied by the Repentance Law, a procedure that offered benefits in exchange for informing on those allegedly …
Peter Cárdenas Schulte, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured by law enforcement officials in Lima. He was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment under Law 25475, anti-terrorist legislation that had not yet been enacted at the time of his capture. This capture was part of a series …
Peter Cardenas Schulte, leader of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), was captured on April 14, 1992. He was sentenced to life imprisonment according to Law 25475, which was applied retroactively since this law had not yet been enacted at the time of his capture. This occurred in the context …
On April 5, 1992, President Alberto Fujimori executed a self-coup d'état in Peru. This event marked a turning point in the counter-subversive strategy of the internal armed conflict. After the self-coup, repression intensified in a selective manner, with continuous reports of arbitrary detentions, torture and disappearances by counter-subversive forces. The …
On April 5, 1992, Alberto Fujimori interrupted democracy and promulgated Decree Law No. 25418 instituting the Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction. This coup d'état, known as a self-coup, marked the beginning of a period of intensified human rights violations. During the month of May, the Executive Branch drafted and …
Coup d'état by means of which the Fujimori government broke the constitutional order and enacted a series of provisions that tightened the anti-terrorist legislation without contemplating the respect of minimum guarantees of due process. Military prerogatives were extended, expanding its power in emergency zones and in counter-subversive activity, thus expanding …
Joselito Monteza, brother of María Magdalena Monteza Benavides, was arrested in 1992 on terrorism charges. Joselito's arrest preceded the arrest of his sister Magdalena on October 30, 1992. Magdalena had arrived in Lima in 1990 and lived with her brother in Chosica until 1992, when Joselito was arrested. This arrest …
The TRC found that the strict and uncritical application of the 1992 anti-terrorist legislation meant that the prosecution of detainees did not guarantee fair trials. Hundreds of innocent people had to suffer long sentences. The violation of due process guarantees cast a shadow of doubt over the proceedings. The discredit …
Beginning in 1992, the policy of 'restitution of authority' was implemented in Peru's maximum security prisons. If in the 1980s prison authority represented extreme weakness and impotence that allowed the PCP-SL to organize itself politically and ideologically in the prisons, this new policy radically transformed prison conditions. The maximum security …
Legislative Decree No. 748 was enacted on November 8, 1991 during the government of Alberto Fujimori. This norm modified the benefits for collaboration for persons involved in the crime of terrorism. It was part of the anti-terrorist legislation developed before the coup d'état of April 1992. The decree was framed …
The Penal Code of April 1991 established in Title XIV the chapter regulating the classification and punishment of the crime of terrorism. This code, within its modern criminal proposal, established a scheme whose basic type of the crime of terrorism was within what can be called a pluriofensive criminal type …
Law No. 25103, enacted on October 5, 1989, established for the first time in Peru a legal framework for the reduction, exemption and remission of sentences for persons convicted of terrorist crimes. This law was the first criminal law provision in the country, the main purpose of which was to …
Law 25031, published on June 2, 1989, modified several articles of Law 24700, which established procedural norms for the police investigation, instruction and trial of crimes committed for terrorist purposes. This law developed a new anti-terrorist legislative scheme characterized by a rupture of the constitutional model of crime investigation by …
President Alan Garcia Perez promulgates law 24953, which establishes drastic sanctions for those who participate in terrorist acts. This law states that anyone who provokes, creates or maintains a state of anxiety, alarm or terror will be punished with a prison sentence of no less than 15 years. The law …
The proposals of President Alan Garcia Perez on changes in the legislation to combat terrorism were admitted for debate in the Chamber of Deputies and sent to commissions for prior analysis before their approval. These proposals regulated the procedure for police investigation, instruction and trial of crimes committed for subversive …
In a message to the nation for national holidays, President Alan García Pérez proposed the presentation of three bills against terrorism. The first bill was aimed at punishing illicit association for subversive purposes. The second bill sought to punish the illegal possession of arms and explosives. The third bill contemplated …
Prime Minister Armando Villanueva del Campo publicly announces the "iron fist against terrorists" policy in May 1988. This announcement takes place in a context of intensifying political violence in the country. On May 8, President Alan Garcia Perez announces his decision to make the fight against terrorism more severe and …
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