The first important event that affected the Apurímac River Valley was the 1965 guerrilla war, led by a group of the ELN headed by Héctor Béjar. This guerrilla definitely disrupted the existing order in the province of La Mar. The process of land appropriation accelerated later with the application of …
The San Francisco bridge was inaugurated in 1971, becoming the main settlement in the Apurimac River Valley during the 1970s. The construction of the bridge significantly increased the occupation of the right bank of the river, territory of the department of Cuzco, where the Pichari settlement is located. This bridge …
In 1975, an Association of Small Farmers was formed in the Apurimac River Valley in an attempt to curb the abuses and monopoly of large traders in the area. This organization preceded the creation of the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) in 1979. The association emerged in …
In 1978, the community of Chungui decided to fund the creation of the Túpac Amaru II secondary school, where teachers trained at the UNSCH (National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga) would teach. From the beginning, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers, preparing the young people for the …
In 1978, at the initiative of a young man from the community who had studied in Andahuaylas, a communal secondary school was created in Oronqoy. As in other schools in the area, such as Túpac Amaru II in Chungui, some Shining Path university students worked as teachers from the beginning. …
In 1979, the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) was formed in an attempt to stop the abuses of large traders in the area. This organization would become one of the largest and most important social organizations in the entire department of Ayacucho, with more than one hundred …
In August 1980, there was an attack on the San Francisco police post, located in the Ayna district. This event represents one of the first armed actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Apurimac River Valley (VRA). The attack on the police post is part of the initial phase of …
In July 1982, the deputy mayor of Santa Rosa died while in police custody. This event occurred in the context of the onset of violence in the Apurimac River Valley, during the period of intensification of PCP-Sendero Luminoso actions and the repressive response of the forces of law and order. …
In mid-July 1982, the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) decided to enter directly into the commercialization of the valley's products, seeking to break the monopoly of the large traders. This initiative represented an effort by the peasant organization to improve the economic conditions of its members through …
On October 29, 1982, a group of PCP-SL subversives assaulted and looted the store of one of the main kube hoarders in Santa Rosa. This assault occurred in a context where the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA) had decided to enter directly into the commercialization of products …
In August 1983, a group known as 'Los Linces' killed 5 people in the town of Limonchayoc, Ayna district. This event is part of the chronology of violence recorded in the Apurimac River Valley (Zone III) during the internal armed conflict. The event occurred in a context of increasing violence …
Julio Orozco Huamani, top leader of the Peasant Federation of the Apurimac River Valley (FECVRA), was assassinated at the Luisiana hacienda in August 1983. The Luisiana hacienda, which had belonged to former deputy Parodi of Acción Popular, had been converted into a main Marine Infantry base. This assassination occurred in …
In September 1983, Navy troops committed multiple assassinations in several towns and villages in the district of Sivia, including Boca Mantaro, La Unión, Pacífico, Canayre Alta, Canayre Baja, Villa Virgen and Portillo. This military repression had the opposite of the expected effects, generating greater support for the PCP-SL among the …
In November 1983, five community members from San Agustín, Santa Rosa, were disappeared by members of the army. This event occurred during the initial period of military intervention in the Apurimac River Valley, when the Armed Forces were beginning to establish their presence in the area. The disappearance of these …
Between 1984 and 1986 there was a boom in the price of coca and its illicit derivatives in the Apurímac River Valley. This economic phenomenon coincided with a period of intense violence in the area, when the Shining Path was in full retreat in the face of the advance of …
In March 1984, rumors began to circulate among the population of the Apurimac River Valley about the arrival of montoneros (civil defense groups) from Chungui. The villagers received information that these groups were coming "like ants" and were progressively advancing through different localities. Their presence was first reported in Lechemayo, …
On April 30, 1984, there was an armed confrontation between the Civil Guard and subversive elements of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the town of Erapata, Lucmahuayco. The clash resulted in the death of 22 subversives and a police sergeant. This event was part of the escalation of violence that characterized …
On May 3, 1984, the town of Villa Virgen in Vilcabamba was taken over by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This event was part of a series of subversive actions in the Apurimac River Valley during 1984. Days later, on May 17, the town of Pomabamba in the same province of Vilcabamba …
On May 17, 1984, the town of Pomabamba in Vilcabamba, province of La Convención, was attacked by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This attack was part of a series of subversive actions in the Apurimac River Valley during that period. Days earlier, on May 3, the town of Villa Virgen in the …
In June 1984, soldiers murdered eight villagers in the town of Rosario, Ayna district, La Mar province. This event occurred during the period of greatest violence in the Apurimac River Valley, when the Armed Forces had taken control of the area under the Political Military Command. The event took place …
On 21 June 1984, the Defensa Civil Contrasubversiva (DECAS) was formally constituted in Pichiwillca, near Palmapampa, marking a significant development in the organization of campesino self-defense against subversive groups in the Apurímac River Valley. This organization, led by Antonio Cárdenas, expanded throughout the valley and played a crucial role in …
The arrival of the Montoneros to Pichiwillca in April or May 1984 marked a milestone in peasant organization. On June 21, 1984, the Anti-Subversive Civil Defense (DECAS) of the Apurimac River Valley was formally constituted. From Pichiwillca, led by 19-year-old Antonio Cárdenas, the organization began to expand throughout the valley. …
On June 21, 1984, the "Defensa Civil Contrasubversiva" (DECAS) of the Apurimac River Valley was formally established in Pichiwillca. From this place it began its expansion throughout the valley under the leadership of Antonio Cardenas, who would become the undisputed leader of the organization. This formal constitution took place in …
In July 1984, members of the Self-Defense Committee kidnapped residents of San Queruato, Ayna district. As a result of this kidnapping, two people were killed. This event occurred in the context of the formation and expansion of the Counter-Subversive Civil Defense Forces (DECAS) in the Apurimac River Valley, a period …
In July 1984, members of the Peruvian Army perpetrated a mass murder in the town of Pucayacu, Ayna district, La Mar province. This event occurred in the context of the intensification of military operations in the Apurimac River Valley during 1984, the year in which the Armed Forces and the …
In July 1984, the PCP-SL kidnapped and murdered villagers from Chontaccocha, in the Santa Rosa district. The attack occurred after the villagers participated in a census, despite previous warnings from the PCP-SL against doing so. This event was part of the Shining Path's strategy to punish communities that collaborated with …
In August 1984, four villagers from San Antonio de Pichihuillca were detained by members of the Peruvian Army and subsequently disappeared. This event occurred in the context of the expansion of the Defensas Civiles Contrasubversivas (DECAS) in the Apurimac River Valley, where the organization had been formally constituted on June …
In August 1984, members of the Peruvian Army (EP) detained, tortured and killed 2 ronderos in Santa Rosa. This event occurred in the context of the formation of the Counter-Subversive Civil Defense Forces (DECAS) in the Apurimac River Valley and the intensification of the internal armed conflict in the area. …
In September 1984, law enforcement forces murdered 19 community members in San Pedro, a town in the Santa Rosa district. This event occurred in the context of the intensification of violence in the Apurimac River Valley, during the period in which the Armed Forces and the DECAS (Counter-Subversive Civil Defense) …
In September 1984, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso raided the town of Huanchi, Santa Rosa district, and killed 9 community members. This event was part of a series of attacks perpetrated by the Shining Path in the Apurimac River Valley during 1984, a year of intense violence in the area. The attack …
In September 1984, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso raided the town of Nuevo Paraíso. During this action, the subversives assassinated 6 community members and kidnapped 4 additional people. This event was part of the escalation of violence that characterized 1984 in the Apurimac River Valley, a period in which the Shining Path …
In October 1984, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso killed 7 community members in the town of Huanchi, Santa Rosa district, in the Apurimac River Valley. This event occurred in the context of the intensification of Shining Path violence in the area, during the period in which the PCP-SL sought to consolidate its …
In October 1984, members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso murdered 16 people in the Ayna district. The bodies of the victims were found on the banks of the San Francisco River. This event was part of the escalation of violence that characterized 1984 in the Apurimac River Valley, a period in …
In November 1984, the PCP-SL carried out an armed raid in the town of Huanchi, Santa Rosa district. During this attack, 9 people were killed. This event was part of a series of Shining Path incursions in the Apurimac River Valley during 1984, a period in which the Shining Path …
On November 10, 1984, the military gathered the entire population of San Francisco at the Quimbiri airport. On the second floor of an adjoining house was Major "Vic" with a hooded person, obviously a captured hiker. This event marked a significant moment in the military presence in the Apurimac River …
On November 26, 1984, the PCP-SL clashed with the Civil Guard in Vilcabamba, Cuzco. That same day there was an attack by the PCP-SL and several murders in Lucmahuayco. This event was part of a series of violent actions that the PCP-SL carried out in the Apurimac River Valley area …
By mid-1985, the Shining Path was in full retreat in the Apurimac River Valley and the Armed Forces together with the DECAS (Defensa Civil Contrasubversiva) had gained control of the valley. The Shining Path themselves recognized their defeat by the 'mesnadas' in the VRA, admitting that the unconsolidated support bases …
On February 18, 1985, an armed confrontation took place in the area of Pichari, province of La Convención, department of Cuzco. As a result of the combat, 13 PCP-Sendero Luminoso terrorists were killed. Four civilian guards were also wounded in the confrontation. This event was part of the period of …
On April 14, 1985, the Shining Path assassinated the leader of the peasant patrols in Choquezafra, district of Vilcabamba, province of La Convención, Cuzco. This assassination took place in the context of the Shining Path offensive against the peasant self-defense organizations that had formed in the Apurimac River Valley. Three …
The Hatunpampa ronderos confronted the PCP-SL in a combat that is part of the organized peasant resistance against the Shining Path in the Vilcabamba area. This confrontation occurred in the context of the expansion of the counter-subversive peasant patrols in the Apurimac River Valley and surrounding areas. In November of …
In July 1985, members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso raided the Sol Naciente farm, located in the district of Ayna, province of La Mar. During this incursion, the Shining Path guerrillas assassinated local villagers. The attack resulted in the death of 5 people. This event occurred in the context of the …
In July 1985, the Marine Corps withdraws from the Apurimac River Valley and is replaced by the Army. This withdrawal occurs after the DECAS (Defensa Civil Contrasubversiva) and the army were on the offensive until mid-1985, while the PCP-SL was in retreat. The change of forces occurred at the height …
In August 1985, the Peruvian army executed 21 people in Santa Rosa, a district in the province of La Mar. This event occurred in the context of counter-subversive operations in the Apurimac River Valley (VRA), an area where the Armed Forces and the DECAS (Counter-Subversive Civil Defense) had gained control …
On December 21, 1985, a collective murder took place in the community of Irquis, district of Sivia, perpetrated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This event occurred in the context of the violence in the Apurimac River Valley, during the period when the Shining Path was in retreat in the face of …
In the province of La Convención, 50 ronderos were killed in the Quimbiri area. This event occurred during the first half of 1986, a period in which there were multiple murders of peasants and attacks on villages in the province. The event is part of the chronology of violence in …
During the first half of 1986, multiple murders of peasants and attacks on villages took place in the province of La Convención. On July 7, 1986, the governor of Huallan and his son were assassinated as part of a series of violent actions that included murders in Usnuyoc (April 28), …
In April 1988, the Shining Path PCP attacked the town of Pichiwilca, which was the base of the Self-Defense Committees of the Apurimac River Valley. The attack was supported by a large contingent of peasants from the local subversive force. The villagers of Pichiwilca managed to alert the ronderos of …
On April 13, 1988, a column of forty heavily armed PCP-Sendero Luminoso members escorted by hundreds of peasants from the local force attacked Pichiwillca, the main DECAS base in the Apurimac River Valley. With the help of the ronderos of Anchihuay who immediately came to the defense of Pichiwillca, and …
In June 1988, the PCP-SL perpetrated a collective assassination in San Gerardo, Sivia district, in the Apurimac River Valley. This event took place in the context of the Shining Path offensive between 1986 and 1989, when the PCP-SL intensified its actions in the Apurimac area seeking to achieve 'strategic balance'. …
In June 1988, the Shining Path PCP attacked the town of San Gerardo, located in the district of Sivia, in the jungle of Ayacucho, in the Apurimac River Valley. During this raid, the PCP-SL killed 17 people. This attack took place in the context of the pressure of the subversives …
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