At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno, with the Azángaro revolts being particularly significant. These revolts were part of a period characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, whose base …
The uprising of Major Teodomiro Gutiérrez Cuevas, who adopted the name of Rumi Maqui, was the most famous peasant mobilization of the early 20th century in the southern Andes. He took up arms in the province of Azángaro in 1915, in the context of a series of revolts that took …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of peasant revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno. Among these mobilizations was the revolt of Ccapna and Lauramarca that took place between 1925 and 1927. This uprising was part of a broader cycle of peasant protests that also included the …
The Anta revolt in 1930 was part of a series of peasant uprisings that occurred in Cuzco and Puno at the beginning of the 20th century. This period, between 1885 and 1930, was characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, …
The Departmental Federation of Peasants of Puno (FDCP) was founded on December 17, 1978 in San Juan de Salinas, province of Azángaro. This organization assumed the responsibility of leading the process of 'democratic restructuring' of land in the department of Puno. The FDCP emerged in a context of frustration among …
Edmundo Cox Beuzeville, a mathematics teacher who had come from the district of San Anton in Azángaro, Puno, was denounced and later captured by the police in 1981. He was accused of 27 attacks in the city of Sicuani and the province of Canchis, including an attack on the Communal …
On August 24, 1982, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the ERPS (Empresa Rural de Propiedad Social) Oxani, which belonged to the SAIS Sollocota, located in the province of Azángaro, department of Puno. This attack was part of the initial actions of the PCP-SL in the department of Puno during the period …
On August 24, 1982, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the Oxani Social Property Rural Enterprise (ERPS), which belonged to the Sollocota Social Interest Agricultural Society (SAIS), located in the province of Azángaro. This attack was part of the Shining Path's strategy to destroy the associative companies created by the agrarian reform, …
Juan Vilca Cutipa, lieutenant governor of Tiramaza in the province of Azángaro, was assassinated on September 9, 1982. This assassination occurred in the context of a series of attacks perpetrated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Puno region. On the same day of Vilca Cutipa's assassination, attacks were also registered …
In September 1984, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began operations with an armed column in the department of Puno. The actions of the PCP-SL in the provinces of Puno, Lampa, San Román and Azángaro were aimed at preparing the conditions for this armed column to begin …
The PCP-SL began an offensive by destroying the SAIS Quenamari in San Antón, Azángaro province. This action was part of a broader campaign that included the capture of the towns of Chupa and Azángaro in the same province. The attack on SAIS Quenamari was part of the Shining Path strategy …
On October 5, 1984, the PCP-SL began an offensive in the province of Azángaro, department of Puno. During this action, they destroyed the SAIS Quenamari in San Anton and took the towns of Chupa and Azángaro. This offensive was part of the PCP-SL's actions to expand its presence in the …
On January 29, 1985, approximately 40 people attacked the Civil Guard post in Orurillo, province of Melgar, department of Puno. This attack was part of the actions of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso in the Puno region during the period of expanding violence. The attack on Orurillo took place in the context …
Between April 11 and 15, 1985, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out several actions in the province of Azángaro, department of Puno. The actions took place in several localities including Azángaro, Arapa and San Juan de Salinas. This period corresponds to the phase of expansion of violence in the department of …
On May 19, 1985, Marcelino Pachari Roselló, provincial mayor of Azángaro belonging to Izquierda Unida (IU), was assassinated. This crime took place in a context of intense political violence in Peru, where local authorities and mayors were frequent targets of terrorist attacks. The assassination occurred just two months after the …
In August 1985, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso declared the provinces of Melgar, Azángaro and Huancané as 'red zones', although according to the CVR report the reality was quite different from this declaration. This period was characterized by the actions of the PCP-SL, which included dynamite theft, dynamiting bridges, knocking down high …
In 1986, tensions escalated in the rural regions of Azángaro and Melgar, Peru, following the announcement and subsequent denial of land distribution. This led to spontaneous marches and land occupations by local communities, who faced harsh responses from the police. The FDCP organized a significant mobilization on May 19, supported …
At the beginning of 1986, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso managed to remove the police posts in the province of Azángaro, Puno. This event occurred after the PCP-SL declared the provinces of Melgar, Azángaro and Huancané as "red zones" in August 1985. The situation of the internal armed conflict in this area …
The PCP-SL carried out an attack against the SAIS San José and the SAIS Illari in the province of Azángaro. During the raid, the attackers killed 5 people. As part of the action, they blew up the bridge connecting these associative companies with the city of Azángaro. This attack was …
Twenty hikers entered the town of Chupa on February 16, 1986, capturing the town's main authorities. During the seizure, the main stores were looted and the food they stored was distributed among the population. This action was exhibited by Abimael Guzmán in his document of August 1986 as proof of …
On February 17, 1986, the PCP-SL attacked the Banco del Sur in Juliaca as part of a new offensive that extended between February 17 and 21. This action was part of a series of coordinated attacks that included the seizure and assault of the Pomasi mine in Ayaviri on the …
On February 18, 1986, the PCP-SL carried out an attack and assault on the Pomasi mine in Ayaviri, Melgar province. This attack was part of a Shining Path offensive that took place between February 17 and 22, 1986 in the region. The offensive included multiple actions in different localities, beginning …
On February 21, 1986, the PCP-SL attacked the town of San Anton in the province of Azángaro, Puno. This attack was part of a broader offensive that the PCP-SL carried out between February 17 and 21, 1986, which included multiple actions in different localities in the region. The attack on …
In the context of the struggle for land since December 1985, there was a sharp competition for the leadership of the peasant movement between the PCP-SL and the pro-peasant communal front. Faced with the refusal of the leaders of the United Federation of Peasants of Azángaro and Melgar (FUCAM) to …
In May 1986, the PCP-SL began an offensive in the department of Puno that started on May 5 with an attack against the Secretary General of the PAP in Ayaviri. During this offensive, the subversive group burned the Cayacayani farm, belonging to SAIS San José, and also set fire to …
In June 1986, the PCP-SL attacked the Huacauta power plant in the province of Azángaro. This attack marked the beginning of active incursions by Shining Path columns in the area, which sought to lead peasant mobilizations for land. According to Ricardo Vega, it was after the March 1986 restructuring decree …
On June 3, 1986, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso burned the SAIS Union headquarters in Azángaro and distributed the cattle among the population. This attack was part of a systematic campaign by the PCP-SL against the associative companies created by the agrarian reform, which they considered an expression of a semi-feudal society …
Combined forces detained about 150 people in Nuñoa between June 19 and July 12, 1986. Of the detainees, 88 people were transferred to Ayaviri. Some of the detainees died during or after the transfer. These detentions occurred in the context of the intensification of PCP-Sendero Luminoso actions in the Puno …
On September 19, 1986, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the SAIS Huayna Capac in Muñani. This attack was part of a series of violent actions carried out between September 18 and 21, 1986 in the province of Azángaro. During these days, the PCP-SL also kidnapped 20 peasant delegates in Azángaro, assassinated …
Beginning in early December, a series of marches and spontaneous land seizures began to take place in the provinces of Azángaro and Melgar. The police responded harshly to these mobilizations. Everyone in the countryside became suspicious and communities were forced to ask for guarantees and prove that their members were …
On December 20, 1986, an armed confrontation took place in Chaccocunca, district of Azángaro, department of Puno, between State forces and militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The confrontation resulted in the death of 10 hikers. This event was part of the period of expanding violence in the department of Puno, …
In April 1987, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso suffered a hard blow with the fall of its main column in the province of Azángaro, department of Puno. This event represented a significant setback for the subversive organization in the Puno highlands region. The fall of this column occurred in a context where …
Zenón Huarsaya, local leader, founder of the Peasant Federation and newly elected mayor of San Juan de Salinas, was assassinated by the Shining Path PCP. He was dragged from his home to the town square where the PCP-SL had gathered the population. This assassination occurred in the context of conflicts …
Zenobio Huarsaya Soncco, district mayor of Izquierda Unida (IU) of San Juan de Salinas in the province of Azángaro, Puno, was murdered in the Plaza de Armas of his town. The crime was perpetrated by a group of members of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso made up of eight men and three …
During the process of land seizures in the department of Puno, 300 peasants were arrested in the towns of Ayaviri and Azángaro. This event occurred in the context of a massive land occupation where approximately 12,000 peasant families occupied some 100,000 hectares in six provinces: Azángaro, Melgar, Carabaya, Huancané, Lampa …
During the peasant mobilizations for the recovery of land, there were massive detentions of peasants in the provinces of Ayaviri and Azángaro. On April 19, 1987, 300 peasants were arrested in both localities. In addition, 400 additional soldiers arrived in Azángaro as part of the control operation. These arrests occurred …
On April 27, 1987, in the community of Cututuni, Azángaro, the main force of the southern regional committee of the PCP-SL was dismantled by the Peruvian Armed Forces, resulting in the death of Manuel Atoche, known as 'Anselmo', and other combatants. This event marked a significant decrease in PCP-SL activities …
The IV Board of Directors of the FDCP called for a day of mass mobilization to take land and establish communal enterprises. Thousands of community members from all over the department marched towards the land they claimed as their own. The mobilization was concentrated mainly in Melgar, Azángaro and Carabaya. …
Rallies were held in the cities of Ayaviri and Azángaro with the participation of more than 2,000 peasants. During these events, land was distributed. These rallies took place in the context of the peasant mobilizations for the recovery of land that had been taking place in the department of Puno …
On June 26, 1988, the mayor of San Juan de Salinas, Jaime Centeno Jove, was assassinated by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This crime occurred in the context of a systematic campaign of selective assassinations against local authorities in the department of Puno. San Juan de Salinas was a district in the …
In 1989, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso destroyed the Waqrani Rural Education Institute (IER), located in the department of Puno. This institute belonged to the Catholic Church and was supported by the Unified Mariateguist Party (PUM). The destruction of IER Waqrani took place in the context of the rearticulation of a new …
In January 1989, the Shining Path PCP carried out an attack against San Juan de Salinas in the province of Azángaro, Puno. During this raid, the subversive group assassinated seven village authorities. This attack was the second against this community, which had already suffered violence in April 1987 when Zenon …
In 1989, in the town of Azángaro, Puno, the father of a witness who gave testimony in Sicuani was murdered. The testimony was registered by the CVR under code 520406. This case is part of the numerous murders of family members that occurred during the internal armed conflict in the …
On January 29, 1989, the PCP-SL assassinated 7 authorities in the district of San José, province of Azángaro. Among the victims were the deputy mayor, alderman, governor and other local authorities. This attack was part of a wider campaign of violence that the PCP-SL developed in May 1989 in the …
On May 6, 1989, a PCP-SL group confronted a police patrol in Azángaro. The confrontation resulted in the death of 6 policemen, 7 hikers and one civilian. This event occurred in the context of a violent campaign by the PCP-SL during May 1989, which included the assassination of authorities and …
Between May 13 and 25, 1989, the main column of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out a devastating campaign in the provinces of Azángaro and Melgar. On May 19, they assassinated Marcelino Pachari Roselló, provincial mayor of Azángaro and militant of the Communist Party of Peru 'Patria Roja', who was inspecting …
Between May 13 and 25, 1989, the main column of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso began a military campaign in the provinces of Azángaro and Melgar, in the department of Puno. This campaign was part of the PCP-SL's expansion strategy in the high provinces of the southern Andes, in a context where …
On Friday, May 19, 1989, a group of the PCP-SL assassinated Marcelino Pachari Roselló, provincial mayor of Azángaro and militant of the Communist Party of Peru "Patria Roja". The mayor was inspecting the reconstruction of the bridge that days before had been blown up by a detachment of the PCP-SL. …
On Friday, May 19, 1989, a group of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso assassinated Marcelino Pachari Roselló, provincial mayor of Azángaro. The mayor was inspecting the reconstruction of the bridge that had been blown up days before by a detachment of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. This assassination was part of a series of …
On May 19, 1989, the PCP Sendero Luminoso assassinated Marcelino Pachari Roselló, the mayor of Azángaro, while he was inspecting the reconstruction of a bridge previously destroyed by the group. This event was part of a series of violent actions by the PCP-SL in the region, which included further attacks …
On the night of May 21, 1989, a column of the Shining Path PCP destroyed the facilities of the Waqrani Rural Education Institute (IER), located on the outskirts of Ayaviri. This attack was part of a series of violent actions carried out by the PCP-SL in Puno during May 1989. …
Santiago Aragón, a PUM militant who is taking over the mayor's office in Azángaro from Marcelino Pachari, declares that in many communities the authorities have resigned for fear of being assassinated by the Shining Path. Azángaro was one of the FDCP's strongest bases, but in the last few months, this …
In Azángaro alone, between November 3 and 11, 1989, a score of people, including authorities, candidates and ordinary peasants, were assassinated by the PCP-SL insurgents in an effort to contain the will to vote with blood. The suffrage took place the following day and only in 5 districts of Azangar, …
Between November 29 and December 3, 1989, twelve people, mostly IU members, were murdered in the districts of Azángaro and Melgar. From candidates and elected authorities, the persecution extends to communal authorities. In the community of Choquepiñas, three authorities were lost in addition to the governor.
In the early morning of January 20, 1990, the Main Force of the PCP-SL led by Juan Carlos Olivares attacked the SAIS Sollocota with 30 of its activists. This confrontation marked a turning point in the activity of the PCP-SL in the region, since after this event the actions of …
On April 19, 1990, members of the PCP-SL attacked the Azángaro police post. This attack took place in a context of intensified political violence during the electoral period, specifically between the first and second round of the presidential elections. The event was part of the Second Campaign of the V …
On June 24, 1990, Florentino Soncco, a catechist and campesino, was assassinated by the Shining Path (SL) in the district of San Antón, Azángaro. This event was part of a broader pattern of violence against the Church by SL, which prompted the Church to establish Vicarías de Solidaridad to support …
On July 10, 1990, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the Azángaro market in the department of Puno. During this attack, 5 people were killed. This attack occurred on the same day that the PCP-SL also attacked the SAIS Sollocota in Azángaro, where 7 peasants were killed. These attacks were part of …
In the early morning of January 20, 1990, the Main Force of the PCP-SL headed by Juan Carlos Olivares attacked the SAIS Sollocota with 30 of its activists, resulting in the murder of 7 peasants. That same day, during an attack on the Azángaro market, 5 additional people were killed. …
On July 10, 1990, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso attacked the SAIS Sollocota in the province of Azángaro, department of Puno, killing 7 peasants. This attack was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to destroy the associative enterprises created by the agrarian reform, in opposition to the peasant mobilizations that sought the democratic …
On July 10, 1990, the PCP-PCP-SL launched an attack on the SAIS Sollocota in Azángaro, resulting in the deaths of seven campesinos. On the same day, an attack on the market in Azángaro led to the deaths of five more people.
The Caritas office in Azángaro, Puno, was attacked with explosives. Caritas is an organization of the Catholic Church dedicated to social assistance and humanitarian aid. The attack was intended to interrupt the work of assistance to the most needy populations and to weaken the presence of the Church.
In 1992, it became common for 'sudden' individuals to be detained for months in Peru, where they were coerced into identifying people allegedly involved with subversive activities. During their detention, they were subjected to physical and psychological abuse. The testimonies from various provinces, such as Azángaro and Chanchamayo, highlight the …
In July 1992, a resident of San José, Azángaro, Puno, was attacked in his home by two armed individuals suspected to be members of the PCP-SL. They interrogated him about the whereabouts of the president of the Community of Chaupiari, resorting to physical violence when he denied knowledge. This event …
On March 16, 1993, law enforcement forces captured a PCP-Sendero Luminoso annihilation commando operating in the provinces of Lampa, Azángaro, Carabaya and Melgar in the department of Puno. Among those arrested were two active army soldiers, which demonstrated the Shining Path's infiltration into the armed forces. This capture was part …
Testimony collected in Sicuani where the affiant narrates the murder of his father in 1989 in the town of Azángaro, Puno. This testimony is part of the documentation of cases of political violence in the southern Andean region. The testimony illustrates the long-term psychological effects on the victims' families, including …