First great historical moment of the Andean South characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of the city of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno. This period was based on the extensive exploitation of pastures, cattle and shepherds in the interior of the region. It represented a …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno, with the Azángaro revolts being particularly significant. These revolts were part of a period characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, whose base …
The uprising of Major Teodomiro Gutiérrez Cuevas, who adopted the name of Rumi Maqui, was the most famous peasant mobilization of the early 20th century in the southern Andes. He took up arms in the province of Azángaro in 1915, in the context of a series of revolts that took …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of peasant revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno. Among these revolts were those of Canas and Espinar that occurred in 1921, 1923 and 1930. These mobilizations were part of a period characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of …
At the beginning of the 20th century, a series of peasant revolts took place in Cuzco and Puno. Among these mobilizations was the revolt of Ccapna and Lauramarca that took place between 1925 and 1927. This uprising was part of a broader cycle of peasant protests that also included the …
The second great historical moment of the Andean South was characterized by attempts at capitalist modernization based on the introduction of technical improvements and the proletarianization of the peasants. This period is framed between two historical moments: after the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of …
The Anta revolt in 1930 was part of a series of peasant uprisings that occurred in Cuzco and Puno at the beginning of the 20th century. This period, between 1885 and 1930, was characterized by the expansion of the commercial houses of Arequipa and the haciendas of Cuzco and Puno, …
The "great drought" of 1956-1961 in the Puna highlands generated significant emigration to urban areas such as Arequipa. Between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s, the percentage of Puno residents in the slums of Arequipa increased from 12.9% to 39.08%, reaching 41.41% in 1971. The population of the city of Puno …
Between the 1950s and 1960s, the Puna highlands experienced a particularly strong combination of droughts and floods. The 1960 floods were part of a cycle of natural disasters that included the droughts of 1955-56, 1957 and 1964, and the floods of 1960, 1962 and 1963. These extreme weather events generated …
In 1961, the Universidad Técnica del Altiplano (UTA) was established in Puno, Peru, to provide local higher education opportunities and compete with universities in Cuzco and Arequipa. The university was later renamed Universidad Nacional Técnica del Altiplano in 1972. This institution played a significant role in the educational and social …
In 1961, the Universidad Técnica del Altiplano (UTA) was created in Puno in response to the desire of the Puno population to have its own university that could compete with the universities of Cuzco and Arequipa, where most young people migrated to pursue higher education. This desire for autonomy and …
Between the 1950s and 1960s, the Puna altiplano experienced a particularly strong combination of droughts and floods. Floods occurred in 1960, 1962 and 1963, alternating with droughts in 1955-56, 1957 and 1964. These natural disasters generated significant emigration to urban areas such as Arequipa. In December 1961, the Corporación de …
In Arequipa, 1,200 dynamite cartridges are stolen. This theft was described by the press as part of the beginning of terrorist acts in the country. The incident demonstrated the capacity of subversive groups to obtain explosive material that would be used in later attacks.
In the 1981 municipal elections in Peru, the leftist coalition Izquierda Unida (IU) achieved significant electoral success, securing 23.3% of the national vote and 28.3% in Lima. This marked the first time the left took control of major municipal governments, including the city of Arequipa and several other departmental capitals. …
Horacio Zeballos Gámez, leader of the national teachers' union and congressman for Arequipa, died of a heart attack in March 1984. Zeballos Gámez was a prominent figure in the Peruvian teachers' movement and served as parliamentary representative for the department of Arequipa. His death occurred in a context of intense …
The Rimanakuy was celebrated with representatives of 473 communities and 230 Puno communities that attended the government's call. Dozens more came from the neighboring departments of Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. Gathered in 19 working commissions, the participants discussed various aspects of the community problems. Restructuring was the topic that aroused …
On November 9, 1986, municipal elections were held in which the IU participated with Alfonso Barrantes as candidate for reelection as Mayor of Lima. Jorge del Castillo, candidate of the PAP, carried out an intense electoral campaign which, with the evident support of the President, allowed him to win by …
In October 1988, a subversive column of the Shining Path PCP clashed with the police in the province of Condesuyos, on the border of the department of Arequipa with Cusco. This confrontation took place in the context of the expansion of the southern regional committee of the Shining Path PCP, …
The presidential ticket of FREDEMO (Frente Democrático) for the general elections was proclaimed in Arequipa. The formula was integrated by Mario Vargas Llosa as presidential candidate, Eduardo Orrego Villacorta of Acción Popular (AP) as first vice-president, and Ernesto Alayza Grundy of Partido Popular Cristiano (PPC) as second vice-president. This event …
On November 12, 1989, municipal and regional elections were held. The IU obtained 12%, while the Left Socialist Agreement (ASI) obtained 2% of the vote. The Democratic Front (FREDEMO), led by Mario Vargas Llosa, had obtained just over 32% nationwide. In Lima, the independent Ricardo Belmont was elected Mayor. A …
The Hurtado Miller cabinet appeared before the National Congress to present the government program of Cambio 90. This cabinet included figures from different political parties, among them the Minister of Education Gloria Helfer Palacios (who resigned from IU to take office), Fernando Sanchez Alvabera in Energy and Mines, and Carlos …
By means of a supreme decree, the government of Alberto Fujimori Fujimori declared a state of emergency for thirty days in the provinces of Arequipa, Cuzco, Puno, Piura, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Maynas, Huaraz, Chimbote, Lima and Callao. As a consequence of this measure, individual guarantees were suspended in all these provinces. …
On June 25, 1991, Jose Ramirez Cahuana, provincial mayor of La Union in the department of Arequipa, was assassinated. This crime occurred during the so-called "red month of the PCP-SL", a period of intense violent activity that lasted from May 17 to June 19, 1991. The assassination was part of …
A national civic strike called by opposition forces takes place. It is characterized by protest actions and demonstrations at various points in the capital. In cities such as Iquitos, Cuzco and Arequipa, the strike is effective. Foreign press correspondents qualify the strike as the first effective national protest action against …
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