At the end of 1989, an MRTA column assassinated three Asháninka leaders in the province of Oxapampa. Among the victims was Alejandro Calderón, pinkátzari (great chief) and president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), the federation that groups 52 native communities of the Pichis River and tributaries. The Asháninka reacted quickly …
In December 1989, the MRTA assassinated Alejandro Calderón, president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), an organization representing 52 native communities along the Pichis River and its tributaries. This assassination was a third major setback for the MRTA, occurring eight months after the Molinos confrontation in Jauja. After the assassination, the …
During 1990, the Asháninka Army, organized through the Asháninka Self-Defense and Development Central Committee No. 1, began patrolling the Bajo Tambo area. The same year there were several attacks against the PCP-SL Main Force, concentrated mainly in Cheni and Anapati, communities neighboring Otica. These attacks were part of the organized …
In the first days of January 1990, between 2,000 and 2,500 native Ashaninka settled in Puerto Bermudez, armed mainly with bows, arrows and some hunting shotguns. On January 29, 1990, a large contingent of Asháninkas entered Ciudad Constitución. This uprising, known as the "Asháninka Army", was a response to the …
The VI Congress of the Central Asháninka del Río Tambo (CART) was held in the community of Mayapo in 1990, where it officially expressed its rejection of the PCP-SL. In the middle of the congress, a contingent of 60 hikers, including settlers and Asháninka, led by HP, entered the community …
The Asháninka Army, made up of between 2,000 and 2,500 natives under the command of Alcides Calderón (son of Alejandro Calderón), marched on Puerto Bermúdez to demand the surrender of MRTA members. They took the city without resistance from the local authorities (mayor Evaristo Zumarán, judge Jorge Camacho and lieutenant …
On January 5, 1990, the Asháninka people, led by Alcides Calderón, organized an armed group known as the 'Ejército Asháninka' to retaliate against the MRTA for the kidnapping and presumed murder of Alejandro Calderón. The group marched on Puerto Bermúdez, capturing the city and executing suspected MRTA members and collaborators. …
Approximately 500 Asháninka from the Asháninka Army carried out an action similar to that of Puerto Bermúdez in Ciudad Constitución. They took the city and executed reprisals against alleged MRTA members and collaborators, in the context of revenge for the kidnapping of Alejandro Calderon.
In March 1990, the 'Asháninka army' ended its work by expelling the MRTA from its territory in Oxapampa province. This army had been formed in response to the assassination of three Asháninka leaders at the end of 1989 by MRTA, among them Alejandro Calderón, pinkátzari (great chief) and president of …
On March 18, 1990, the "Ashaninka Army" disbanded, stating that it had completed its mission. This dissolution occurred months after the December 1989 assassination of Alejandro Calderón, president of ANAP (Apatyawaka Nampitsi Asháninka), an organization representing 52 native communities of the Pichis River and its tributaries. The MRTA had withdrawn …
During 1991 and 1992 there were strong and continuous confrontations between the PCP-SL and the Rondas or Asháninka Self-Defense Committees in the Central Jungle. The year 1991 was the turning point in the Shining Path offensive in the region, when the Armed Forces together with the organized Asháninka population initiated …
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