The city of La Oroya became the most important metallurgical center in the center of the country since the construction of the smelter in 1922 by the Cerro de Pasco Corporation. This smelter established La Oroya as a key industrial center in central Peru. In 1974, the company was nationalized …
In 1940, Alto Huallaga was home to 11,623 inhabitants, representing a relatively small population compared to later decades. This figure contrasts significantly with the subsequent population growth: in 1981 it reached 134,600 inhabitants and in 1988 it had a population of 200,000 people. Population growth was related to the colonization …
The Alto Huallaga area was occupied with greater intensity since the beginning of the 1950s by settlers and migrants coming mainly from the highlands of Huánuco, Huancayo, Junín and Cerro de Pasco. These settlers were encouraged, most of the time, by the State through colonization projects (such as Tingo María-Tocache-Campanilla), …
Until 1975, coca leaf production in Alto Huallaga was mainly destined to supply the traditional demand. Its main consumers were the peasants of Huánuco, Cerro de Pasco, Junín and Andean migrants in Lima and other departments of the northern coast. The business was profitable and many coastal and highland traders …
In late 1980, militants of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) began infiltrating the rural areas of Pasco, including the city of Cerro de Pasco. These militants, reportedly of Ayacuchan origin, aimed to establish support bases by engaging with local populations and promoting their ideology of 'people's …
By the last months of 1980, the PCP-SL had already made contact with some mining settlements in Huancavelica, specifically those located near the department of Ayacucho. The mining centers contacted were Cobriza, Julcani and La Mejorada, located in the provinces of Churcampa and Angaraes respectively. This contact was relatively early …
On May 17, 1980, the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) made its first significant incursion in the department of Cerro de Pasco. The group attacked the Provincial Council and a local school with dynamite, marking the beginning of its presence in the region. This event was part …
On July 20, 1980, militants of the Communist Party of Peru - Shining Path (PCP-SL) blew up a section of the railroad connecting La Oroya with Cerro de Pasco. This attack was part of the first violent actions of the PCP-SL in the central region of Peru, specifically in the …
On May 18, 1981, subversive elements attacked the police post in Atacocha, located in Cerro de Pasco, using dynamite charges. This event was part of a series of violent actions attributed to insurgent groups in the region during this period.
In Cerro de Pasco, the police investigation led to the identification of some of those allegedly responsible for the dynamite attacks in the city since 1982. These individuals were arrested and brought before the competent judicial authorities, who tried them for acts against public tranquility. However, some time later, the …
The PCP-SL assaults a prison in Cerro de Pasco on June 28. This assault was part of the PCP-SL's strategy to free its imprisoned militants and demonstrate its operational capacity in different regions of the country.
On June 30, 1982 there was a successful assault on the Cerro de Pasco prison carried out by militants of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso. The operation succeeded in freeing 11 people accused of terrorism who were being held in the prison. During the assault, one Republican Guard was killed and another …
After the PCP-SL attacks on the Vinchos mining unit in 1986, where the mine manager, assistant manager and superintendent were killed and the concentrator plant was dynamited causing irreparable damage, Centromín Perú arranged for the installation of a military base within its jurisdiction in 1983. This military installation was intended …
On May 21, 1983, a contingent of approximately 200 PCP-SL militants entered the district of Páucar. The towns of 8 de Diciembre, Chaupimarca and in particular Tangor and San Juan de Yacán, were consequently at the mercy of the PCP-SL groups. Among the militants present was Oscar Ramirez Duran, known …
On June 22, 1983, William Zabarburú, librarian of the Labor Cultural Center of Cerro de Pasco, Izquierda Unida militant and candidate of the Partido Unificado Mariateguista (PUM) for the department of Cerro de Pasco, was arrested. He was imprisoned in the El Frontón prison for two years, unjustly accused of …
In October 1983, the Shining Path reappeared in Cerro de Pasco and the first Shining Path graffiti appeared in La Oroya. This event marked the return of subversive activity by the PCP-SL in these important mining areas of the central highlands of Peru. In response to this reappearance, that same …
In August 1984, the Carmen Chico military base was installed in Cerro de Pasco, near the mining centers in the area. This military base was established as part of the Peruvian State's counter-subversive strategy in the central region of the country. From this base, the military carried out control and …
At the beginning of 1985, in Cerro de Pasco, the so-called "labor commandos" of the mining companies were formed. These commandos emerged in a context of growing political violence in the mining region of the central highlands of Peru. The formation of these groups occurred in the context of tensions …
In April 1985, mining leader Demetrio Martínez was assassinated with a bullet to the head. He had proposed on several occasions that the mining company Centromín Perú grant a special bonus and medical benefits to cover the consequences of the chemical reagents used by the workers in the extraction of …
On May 10, 1985, the Belaunde government declared a state of emergency in the province of Pasco. This decision was precipitated by the assassination of Professor Luis Alberto Aguilar Cajahuamán, APRA militant and professor at the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, who had been elected Deputy in the April 14, …
In November 1985, a column of 10 hikers entered the Centromín Perú Unit in Cerro de Pasco and dynamited the mills of the concentrator plant. This attack was part of a series of actions by the PCP-Sendero Luminoso against mining installations in the central region of Peru. The attack caused …
In November 1985, a column of 10 hikers entered the San Genaro mining center in Huancavelica. The attackers dynamited part of the mine's infrastructure. This attack was part of a series of PCP-SL raids against mining centers in the Huancavelica region during that period. The attack on San Genaro occurred …
In 1986, the PCP-SL carried out an attack against the Vinchos mining company in Cerro de Pasco. The hikers managed to enter the company's offices and shot and killed the manager, assistant manager and mine superintendent. Subsequently, they dynamited the concentrator plant causing irreparable material damage. This event caused the …
Tomas Miranda Trinidad was a union leader of CENTROMIN - Peru murdered in the city of Cerro de Pasco in 1986. His death is part of a series of assassinations against union leaders and political authorities in the capital of the department of Pasco during the period of political violence. …
On March 19, 1986, mine workers marched in Cerro de Pasco to demand approval of the list of demands. During the demonstration, a shot was fired at one of the demonstrators. The demonstrators and the military reacted immediately and managed to capture Florentino Cecones, who was identified as the author …
On March 19, 1986, during a popular demonstration in Cerro de Pasco, mining leader Tomás Miranda was assassinated by members of the Shining Path. This assassination occurred in the context of the political violence affecting the mining centers of the central highlands of Peru. The event was part of a …
The mining leader Teófilo Rímac Capcha was arrested by the military at the Carmen Chico Base in Cerro de Pasco. This arrest occurred in a context of intensified military operations in the mining centers of the region, where the armed forces carried out violent raids on workers' homes in order …
On June 23, 1986, the military arrived at the house of Teófilo Rímac Capcha, leader of the FOCEP (Frente Obrero Campesino y Estudiantil del Perú), whom they arrested along with others and transferred to the Carmen Chico military base. He was the only one who never left the military base. …
In July 1986, a Shining Path column commanded by comrades "Nelly" and "Hernan" entered the Vinchos mining center in Cerro de Pasco. The Shining Path members shot and killed the mine manager, assistant manager and superintendent. Subsequently, they dynamited the mining center's concentrator plant. This attack was part of the …
In November 1986, a military base was installed in Quillacocha, located in Cerro de Pasco. This installation was part of the Peruvian State's military strategy to control subversive activity in the mining region of the central highlands. The base was established in a context of increasing Shining Path activity in …
In May 1987, the Shining Path assassinated union leader Carlos Melo in Cerro de Pasco. After executing him, the Shining Path left a poster on his body with the message "This is how traitors die". This murder was part of a series of selective executions that the PCP-SL carried out …
In May 1987, the military and the National Police intensified patrols in the mining centers of central Peru. This intensification of military operations occurred in the context of increasing Shining Path activity in the mining area. Law enforcement continued to arbitrarily detain union leaders during these operations. This increased military …
Between 1988 and 1990, the Ejército del Trabajo (ET) of the Western Front (FO) of the MRTA managed to establish zones of passage and obligatory stays in several strategic locations. In Nueva Requena and Shambo, a native Shipibo-Conibo community, they established a corridor that allowed them direct access between the …
Leonidas Gómez Yalico was a union leader of CENTROMIN - Peru who was assassinated in the city of Cerro de Pasco in 1988. His death occurred in the context of death threats to political authorities and political and union leaders in the city since 1980. He was one of three …
Johan was a PCP-SL leader operating in the Cerro de Pasco area. He had returned from Huanuco with 'Piter' to carry out violent acts in the region. Between 1983 and 1985, Johan led professors from the Daniel Alcides Carrión University in Shining Path activities, including recruitment of mining leaders and …
On January 28, 1988, a national strike was held in Peru, organized by the CGTP and the Asamblea Nacional Popular (ANP), which distanced itself from the ideology of the PCP-SL. Additional strikes occurred on July 19-20 and October 13 of the same year, maintaining a clear separation from PCP-SL's influence. …
In February 1988, in Cerro de Pasco, there was a confrontation between the military and a Shining Path column that resulted in the death of comrade 'Johan'. This Shining Path leader had been mentioned earlier in the report as one of the leaders who presumably directed the dynamite attack on …
In May 1988, a military patrol confronted a group of hikers in the town of Pucurhuay, killing a 2-year-old boy and a 14-year-old boy in the crossfire, as well as a local collaborator of the subversives. A few days after this confrontation, the villagers formed the Pucurhuay Civil Defense Committee …
In May 1988, a military patrol confronted a group of hikers in the town of Pucurhuay. In the crossfire, a 2-year-old boy, a 14-year-old boy, and a local collaborator of the subversives were killed. After this confrontation, within a few days the villagers formed the Civil Defense Committee (CDC) of …
In December 1988, the PCP-SL destroyed an electrical plant located in the town of Huariaca. This plant supplied electricity to the mining sites of Milpo, Atacocha and Chicrín. As a direct consequence of the attack, thousands of mining workers were paralyzed for two weeks. This attack was part of the …
On December 31, 1988, Shining Path destroyed three diesel electric locomotives belonging to Centromín Perú that were transporting ore from the Cerro de Pasco unit to the La Oroya smelter. This attack was part of a series of terrorist actions against mining infrastructure in the central region of Peru. The …
On December 31, 1988, Shining Path dynamited a power plant located in Huariaca, Cerro de Pasco province. This plant was crucial to the energy supply of several important mining sites in the region, including Milpo, Atacocha and Chicrín. The attack was part of a series of terrorist actions against mining …
Seferino Requis was a union leader of CENTROMIN - Peru murdered in the city of Cerro de Pasco in 1989. His death occurred in the context of a series of selective assassinations against union leaders and political authorities in the capital of the department of Pasco. Along with Tomas Miranda …
In 1989, a detainee in Cerro de Pasco, Peru, reported being subjected to ethnic discrimination and violence by soldiers. The detainee was insulted with derogatory terms such as 'cholo' and 'serrano,' which were used to demean and justify aggression. This reflects the broader societal issue of ethnic discrimination against Quechua-speaking …
At the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990, the Army promoted the organization of villagers in counter-subversive peasant patrols in the department of Pasco. This strategy sought to counteract the presence of the PCP-Sendero Luminoso by mobilizing the organized civilian population. The peasant patrols joined the expanded military presence …
On the night of February 13, 1989, mining leader Saúl Cantoral Huamaní and social promoter Consuelo García Filomenas were shot to death by a paramilitary group near the offices of the National Federation of Mine Workers in Lima. This murder occurred on the eve of a new national mining strike. …
On March 2, 1989, the PCP-SL shot and killed Seferino Requis, one of the most representative union leaders in Cerro de Pasco. Requis was a leader trained in the Peasant and Student Workers Front of Peru (FOCEP). The hikers strategically positioned themselves in the place where he was and managed …
On March 23, 1989, the PCP-Sendero Luminoso carried out an attack against Centromín's facilities in Cerro de Pasco as part of a new attack aimed at generating conditions for an upcoming armed strike. This action cost the lives of two members of the police forces and three company employees. The …
On April 5, 1989, groups of heavily armed hooded men assassinated the secretary general of the Morococha union. This assassination occurred in the context of a series of paramilitary actions against mining leaders during 1989. The crime took place shortly before a second strike called for the beginning of March, …
On April 7, 1989, the PCP-SL dynamited locomotive No. 32 of the Centromín Perú company in Cerro de Pasco. This attack paralyzed the transfer of ore from the Cerro de Pasco unit to the La Oroya smelter. The attack was part of a series of violent actions by the PCP-SL …
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