FIR and ELN guerrillas
Between 1961 and 1963, the Revolutionary Left Front (FIR) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) developed guerrilla actions in the valleys of La Convención and Lares, Cuzco, to support the peasant mobilization led by Hugo Blanco. The ELN's attempt to enter through the Bolivian border in 1962 resulted in the capture of most of its members and the death of the poet Javier Heraud.
The first period of the guerrillas, between 1961 and 1963, brought together the experiences of the Revolutionary Left Front (FIR) and the National Liberation Army (ELN), whose objective was to support the peasant mobilization of Chaupimayo, in the valleys of La Convención and Lares de Cuzco, led by the peasant leader Hugo Blanco Galdós. At the end of 1962, a group of 40 men, ELN militants led by Héctor Béjar, tried to clandestinely enter the country through the Bolivian border to provide the support Hugo Blanco needed. An advance group composed of six guerrillas tries to enter Puerto Maldonado to obtain information, confronting the police. Most of its members are captured and the poet Javier Heraud is killed. The guerrilla movements in Peru in the 1960s arose as a result of the agrarian and peasant problem expressed in the anti-landowner peasant mobilizations, especially those in the southern Andean region.