Urbanization and landowner decadence
A period of growing urbanization and decadence of large landowners and the gamonal society in the Southern Andes between 1945 and 1980, culminating with the agrarian reform of 1969, which dealt the final blow to the traditional landowning system.
A third period, between 1945 and 1980, is that of growing urbanization and the decline of large landowners and the gamonal society, which reached its peak with the implementation of the agrarian reform of 1969 during the government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado. This process radically transformed the social structure of agriculture in the southern Andean region, which before 1969 was based on a complex combination of salaried, serfdom and landlord labor systems and relations. Conflicts between peasants and landowners characterized this period, showing the inability of the latter to achieve changes in their favor in the face of the peasant struggles for land that spanned the years 1948-1964. When the military government passed the Agrarian Reform Law of 1969, it only dealt the final blow to this system of land ownership.